Micro-motion dynamics analysis of ballistic targets based on infrared detection

The dynamic characteristics related to micro-motions, such as mechanical vibration or rotation, play an essential role in classifying and recognizing ballistic targets in the midcourse, and recent researches explore ways of extracting the micro-motion features from radar signals of ballistic targets. In this paper, we focus on how to investigate the micro-motion dynamic characteristics of the ballistic targets from the signals based on infrared (IR) detection, which is mainly achieved by analyzing the periodic fluctuation characteristics of the target IR irradiance intensity signatures. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the periodic characteristics of IR signatures can be used to distinguish different micro motion types and estimate related parameters. Consequently, this is possible to determine the micro-motion dynamics of ballistic targets based on IR detection.

High-Precision Wideband Phase-Derived Velocity Measurement for Micro-Motion Extraction

A phase-derived velocity measurement method is proposed in a wideband coherent system,based on a precise echo model considering the inner pulse Doppler effect caused by fast moving targets.The Cramer-Rao low band of velocity measurement precision is deduced,demonstrating the high precision of the proposed method.Simulations and out-field experiments further validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in high-precision measurement and micro-motion extraction for targets with weak reflection intensity.Compared with the long-time integration approaches for velocity measurement,the phase-derived method is easy to implement and meets the requirement for high data rate,which makes it suitable for micro-motion feature extraction in wideband systems.

Investigation on the Radial Micro-motion about Piston of Axial Piston Pump

The limit working parameters and service life of axial piston pump are determined by the carrying ability and lubrication characteristic of its key friction pairs. Therefore, the design and optimization of the key friction pairs are always a key and difficult problem in the research on axial piston pump. In the traditional research on piston/cylinder pair, the assembly relationship of piston and cylinder bore is simplified into ideal cylindrical pair, which can not be used to analyze the influences of radial micro-motion of piston on the distribution characteristics of oil-film thickness and pressure in details. In this paper, based on the lubrication theory of the oil film, a numerical simulation model is built, taking the influences of roughness, elastic deformation of piston and pressure-viscosity effect into consideration. With the simulation model, the dynamic characteristics of the radial micro-motion and pressure distribution are analyzed, and the relationships between radial micro-motion and carrying ability, lubrication condition, and abrasion are discussed. Furthermore, a model pump for pressure distribution measurement of oil film between piston and cylinder bore is designed. The comparison of simulation and experimental results of pressure distribution shows that the simulation model has high accuracy. The experiment and simulation results demonstrate that the pressure distribution has peak values that are much higher than the boundary pressure in the piston chamber due to the radial micro-motion, and the abrasion of piston takes place mainly on the hand close to piston ball. In addition, improvement of manufacturing roundness and straightness of piston and cylinder bore is helpful to improve the carrying ability of piston/cylinder pair. The proposed research provides references for designing piston/cylinder pair, and helps to prolong the service life of axial piston pump.

Micro-motion effect in inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of ballistic mid-course targets

For ballistic mid-course targets,in addition to constant orbital motion,the target or any structure on the target undergoes micro-motion dynamics,such as spin,precession and tumbling.The micro-motion characteristics of the ballistic mid-course targets were discussed.The target motion model and inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging model for this kind of targets were built.Then,the influence of micro-motion on ISAR imaging based on the established imaging model was presented.The computer simulation to get mid-course target echoes from static darkroom electromagnetic scattering data based on the established target motion model was realized.The imaging results of computer simulation show the validity of ISAR imaging analysis for micro-motion targets.

Measuring In-Plane Micro-Motion of Micro-Structure Using Optical Flow

Optical flow method is one of the most important methods of analyzing motion images. Optical flow field is used to analyze characteristics of motion objects. According to motion features of micro-electronic mechani-cal system (MEMS) micro-structure, the optical algorithm based on label field and neighborhood optimization is presented to analyze the in-plane micro-motion of micro-structure. Firstly, high speed motion states for each fre-quency segment of micro-structure in cyclic motion are frozen based on stroboscopic principle. Thus a series of dynamic images of micro-structure are obtained. Secondly, the presented optical algorithm is used to analyze the image sequences, and can obtain reliable and precise optical field and reduce computing time. As micro-resonator of testing object, the phase-amplitude curve of micro-structure is derived. Experimental results indicate that the meas-urement precision of the presented algorithm is high, and measurement repeatability reaches 40 nm under the same experiment condition.

MICRO-MOTION TARGET SENSING BY STEPPED-FREQUENCY CONTINUOUS-WAVE RADAR

Mechanical micro-vibration of a target may induce phase modulations on the radar echo,and the vibration can be detected to identify micro-motion target. In this paper,a new method to detect a micro-motion target and obtain its range and micro-motion frequency is proposed in which multiple periods stepped-frequency continuous-wave signal and Moving Target Indication (MTI) filter are adopted. The simulation results illustrate the validity of this method and present the detection of the target range and the vibration frequency. The experiment gives promising results.

人群疏散模拟仿真软件系统自主研发与应用——以Pedynamics为例

为更加精准地分析与评估公共场所突发事件下人员疏散的需求,自主研发了新一代人群疏散模拟仿真软件Pedynamics。以某地铁场景为例,比较分析Pedynamics与商业软件Pathfinder和AnyLgoic用于模拟地铁车站不同客流量下的疏散过程,并进行讨论,提出改进人群疏散效率的措施。研究结果表明:Pedynamics软件采用前后端分离的架构进行模块化开发,易于升级维护;后端采用的人群疏散计算模型结合了人群疏散动力学特别是人员有限理性路径选择行为方面的研究成果,能够真实体现行人的疏散行为特征;软件前端的场景预处理界面能够帮助用户简单、快速地基于图纸构建疏散场景,可视化及数据统计模块支持多视角查看模拟结果和疏散数据,提高工程应用的效率。研究结果可为人群疏散风险评估提供技术支持。

综合物探在矿山深部资源勘查中的应用

矿产资源是社会和经济发展必不可少的物质基础,目前国内多数老矿山面临已探明储量枯竭的严峻形势,现有的勘查知识和技术难以解决矿山找矿勘查所遇到的特殊难题。针对矿山找矿的特殊性,本文结合安徽省霍邱某矿区的地质及物探资料,在采矿区选取典型剖面进行重磁、微动及可控源音频大地电磁法(Controllable Source Audio Magnetotelluric Method,CSAMT)。以微动和音频大地电磁数据分析推测浅部矿体采空及塌陷区;在深部将微动勘探与重力数据结合,取长补短,通过剪切模量将微动视横波速度与地下介质密度直接联系起来,经已知矿体位置剪切模量的分布规律并结合重磁反演在300 m以深推测了两条近平行层状分布的矿体,矿体长200~250 m,最厚处约50 m;在标高100~200 m的类似S形褶皱拐点处可能为成矿有利位置;同时推测已知主矿体在底板以深还有延伸。通过本次工作,证实了在当前老矿区内,将新技术微动勘探与传统物探方法相结合,各取其长,能提高矿山深边部及外围隐伏矿床(体)定位预测的有效性,挖掘新的找矿潜力。

基于液压放大的压电微动平台设计与试验

针对传统微动平台难以满足微/纳米定位的要求,该文结合液压放大原理,提出一种基于液压放大的两自由度压电微动平台,并对其进行了结构设计。采用正交设计方法对其进行有限元双向流固耦合分析,优化了其结构参数。研制了实物样机并进行试验研究。开环控制试验结果表明,当压电驱动器输入为90μm时,压电微动平台最大输出位移为603.0μm,放大倍数约为6.7;闭环控制试验结果表明,采用分段微分、积分、比例(PID)算法能降低超调量,且响应时间、稳态时间均减小,稳态误差降低(为±0.2μm),实现了微动平台的大范围输出精密定位。

Research on Modulation Signal Denoising Method Based on Improved Variational Mode Decomposition

In order to further analyze the micro-motion modulation signals generated by rotating components and extract micro-motion features,a modulation signal denoising algorithm based on improved variational mode decomposition(VMD)is proposed.To improve the time-frequency performance,this method decomposes the data into narrowband signals and analyzes the internal energy and frequency variations within the signal.Genetic algorithms are used to adaptively optimize the mode number and bandwidth control parameters in the process of VMD.This approach aims to obtain the optimal parameter combination and perform mode decomposition on the micro-motion modulation signal.The optimal mode number and quadratic penalty factor for VMD are determined.Based on the optimal values of the mode number and quadratic penalty factor,the original signal is decomposed using VMD,resulting in optimal mode number intrinsic mode function(IMF)components.The effective modes are then reconstructed with the denoised modes,achieving signal denoising.Through experimental data verification,the proposed algorithm demonstrates effective denoising of modulation signals.In simulation data validation,the algorithm achieves the highest signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and exhibits the best performance.

流动建构:建筑社会学视野下的城市移动咖啡馆空间实践思考

基于建筑社会学视野,对移动咖啡馆在当代流动社会中的空间实践进行探讨。将空间形式与生活模式的关联作为研究切入点,揭示流动社会中城市咖啡馆的商业模式、空间形式和文化特性转变,阐释移动咖啡馆的涌现原因与社会价值。研究发现,移动咖啡馆的当代空间实践呈现品牌化的移动咖啡车、离散状的移动咖啡店和游牧式的移动咖啡建筑三种模式,并分别以“系统集成”“自组织”与“流动建构”为特征。研究认为,移动咖啡馆的空间实践核心在于回应移动性与公共性之间的矛盾,进而提出依托“流动建构”理念和“移动建筑社会设计”策略是其灵活融入城市空间与社会生活、营造具有场所感的公共交往场所的关键。文章最后对移动咖啡馆在城市微更新场景中的应用进行了展望。

复合微多普勒信号的时频谐波分析方法

在对复合微动目标的雷达回波进行时频分析时,存在时频曲线能量难以聚焦等问题,影响目标微多普勒特征提取和分析。对此,提出了时频谐波条纹的概念以及相应时频变换方法。基于复合微动包含中心运动分量和高频运动分量的假设,首先利用样条函数拟合中心分量频率曲线,构造时频变换核函数。然后,通过参数化时频变换将时域的复合微多普勒信号转化为时频平面上的谐波条纹。所提方法相比短时傅里叶变换和伪魏格纳分布等经典方法,能够明显改善复合微动目标雷达回波时频变换的能量聚集性与杂散抑制效果,仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和对低信噪比条件的适应性。

低脉冲重复频率条件下无人机微动参数提取

针对低脉冲重复频率条件下的无人机微动特征提取问题,提出一种基于原子放缩正交匹配追踪(orthogonal matching pursuit,OMP)分解的微动参数估计方法。首先,通过计算时频谱熵从无人机回波数据中筛选出具有显著微动特征的信号。其次,采用变分模态分解(variational modal decomposition,VMD)算法提取旋翼叶片的旋转频率,提出了基于原子放缩的OMP分解方法实现了对无人机旋翼叶片长度的估计。仿真实验表明所提方法相比于传统的OMP方法和VMD-OMP方法都具有明显优势。最后,采用实测数据验证了所提算法的有效性。

星载迈克尔逊干涉仪扫描角镜装调工艺研究

针对星载迈克尔逊干涉仪悬臂式扫描角镜组件装调维度多、装调精度高、检测困难等技术难点,提出了一种“向量解析+精密微动调整”方法,通过建立装调及检测基准、将角镜组件简化为空间点向量、采用“先法向后平面”的调整顺序、利用专用精密微动装置等措施,实现了空间多自由度角镜组件的高精度调整,角镜顶点位置对称度装调后达到8μm,优于0.01 mm的设计指标要求,有效提高了装调精度,缩短了装调周期。

压电微动台数据驱动迭代前馈补偿与自适应抑振

为消除压电驱动柔性微定位平台高精控制对平台不确定动力学模型的依赖性,提出了一种数据驱动无模型迭代前馈补偿和自适应陷波滤波结合的控制方法来提高平台的跟踪性能。首先,建立了数据驱动无模型迭代前馈控制器,提高系统对噪声和其他干扰的鲁棒性,同时,证明了在无模型迭代前馈作用下,连续参考输入跟踪误差的有界性和闭环系统的稳定性;其次,构建了自适应陷波滤波器来消除平台谐振的影响,对误差信号进行快速傅里叶变换,并设计谐振频率在线提取算法,实现对陷波滤波器参数的在线实时整定,来进一步提升轨迹跟踪精度;最后,利用所设计的无模型迭代前馈控制器和自适应陷波滤波器对压电微动台进行轨迹跟踪实验。实验结果表明:在跟踪三角波信号时,与单独比例-积分(Proportional Integral,PI)控制和结合自适应陷波滤波器的PI控制相比较,最大跟踪误差分别减小78.25%和70.83%,能够有效提升平台的稳定性和跟踪精度。

超超临界火电机组给水泵汽轮机20Cr13钢动叶片断裂原因

某超超临界机组在运行过程中,其给水泵汽轮机第4级20Cr13钢动叶片发生断裂事故。采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、力学性能测试、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法分析了叶片断裂的原因。结果表明:给水泵汽轮机部分动叶片装配不当,叶根与叶根槽装配间隙偏大,叶片明显松动;在转子长期高速转动过程中,叶片承受了较高水平的交变循环载荷,部分装配间隙大的动叶片叶根与叶根槽接触部位发生微动疲劳损伤,叶根周向边缘发生双向多源性疲劳开裂,裂纹逐步扩展,最终导致叶片断裂。

微动探测方法在煤矿废渣调查中的应用研究

在废弃煤矿环境问题日益凸显的形势下,堆弃矿渣及煤矸石引起的各种环境问题急需解决。针对煤矸石堆积体调查中遇到的基岩埋深问题,首次提出利用微动探测方法进行探查,并在中国东南部某矿区进行了场地实验,实验中将微动探测方法与钻探相结合,采用标定-推断-验证的工作流程,进行煤矸石-基岩分界面探查工作。研究发现微动探测方法能够较为精确地探测煤矸石堆积体与基岩分界面位置,相较于钻探方法,微动探测方法具有灵活、经济、高效等优点。

运动目标的多维度微运动特征提取研究

微多普勒特征提取作为一种常用的时频分析工具,对微动目标特征的提取重构具有重要意义.为了更好地研究多运动的微多普勒效应,提出了一种运动姿态分类方法.按照目标频移是否随时间变化可以将运动姿态分为频移时变运动和频移时不变运动.频移时变运动包括平移、翻滚和振动.针对这种运动应分析对比不同时间对应的瞬态频移,频移时不变运动主要为旋转运动.本文通过微多普勒效应理论结合电磁波频域模型,实现3D运动目标微动特性提取的仿真建立目标,分析不同环境条件例如晴天阴天、有无湍流对探测的影响,为后续实验研究奠定理论基础.开展基于收发同置系统的多特征运动目标的微多普勒频移探测实验,实验结果表明,不同目标位置上频移的幅度、正负性和谱线宽度旨在反演目标形状、运动姿态、运动方向和速度.利用FFTshift函数对一维数据进行解调分析,实现三维时间-频率-强度关系的研究.本研究实现了对目标宏观形状特性的测量以及微观运动信息的提取,为雷达探测和识别奠定基础.

模拟骨小梁假体界面微动的实验装置设计与有限元分析

目的:设计一种模拟骨小梁假体界面微动的实验装置(以下简称“微动装置”),并进行有限元分析。方法:微动装置由带有螺纹的旋入圆筒、柔性铰、微动杆、骨小梁假体、连接杆和固定柱组成。采用SolidWorks软件构建微动装置模型,并将其导入ABAQUS软件中建立有限元模型,对股骨施加轴向位移载荷,分析微动装置中柔性铰的位置、假体与股骨之间的间隙和连接杆的长度对微动的影响。结果:微动装置产生的界面微动随柔性铰距旋入圆筒下端距离的增大而增大;假体与股骨之间的间隙≥20μm时,间隙对界面微动不产生影响;界面微动随着连接杆长度的增大而增大。结论:微动装置可以准确模拟出不同的骨-骨小梁假体界面的微动,可为研究不同界面微动对骨整合的影响提供实验装置。

综合物探方法在城市地质调查中的应用研究:以湖南省常德市鼎城区隐伏基岩探测为例

为在湖南省典型湖相盆地城市低阻覆盖区查明隐伏基岩及其空间分布状态,以常德市鼎城区G4线地质调查剖面为例进行了多方法综合试验研究。首先,介绍了研究区内地质、地层、构造等区域特征;其次,在使用高密度电阻率法和可控源音频大地电磁法进行野外探测试验基础上,引进了广域电磁法和微动勘探等新方法、新技术进行综合探测试验研究;最后,利用多方法探测结果推断了隐伏寒武系灰岩、断裂构造和地层垂向分布情况,并在靶区位置上进行了钻探验证,效果良好。本次调查研究表明:广域电磁法相比传统近地表探测方法,具有高抗噪、探测深度大等其他方法无法比拟的优点,是城市地质调查工作中探查基岩、隐伏构造等目标体的有效方法,而对于地表下百米以内的白垩系和第四系粉砂质地层划分,微动勘探具有明显的效果,值得推广。