Effect of Micro-electrolysis and Micro-nano Bubbles Coupled with Peroxymonosulfate Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage

With the continuous deepening of rural revitalization strategy and the increasingly strict sewage discharge standards,rural domestic sewage treatment technology is facing higher challenges and requirements.The combined process of micro-electrolysis+micro-nano bubbles coupled with peroxymonosulfate was constructed in this study,and the treatment effect and application value of this technology were explored with the actual rural domestic sewage as the treatment object.The experimental results showed that under the conditions of HRT of 120 min,PMS dosage of 0.15 mmol/L,pH=7,MBs air intake of 15 ml/min,current intensity of 15 A,and Fe/C mass ratio of 1:1,the removal rates of COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus can reach 88.55%,77.18%and 74.67%,respectively.Under the condition that the pH value of sewage was not adjusted,the non-biochemical simultaneous decarbonization,denitrification and phosphorus removal of rural domestic sewage can be achieved by micro-electrolysis and micro-nano bubbles coupled with peroxymonosulfate.The concentrations of effluent COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus met the requirements of the first level standard of the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities(DB45T2413-2021).And the comprehensive operating cost was about 1.15 yuan/m 3.

Adhesion forces for water/oil droplet and bubble on coking coal surfaces with different roughness

Surface roughness plays a significant role in floatability of coal.In the present paper,coking coal surface was polished by three different sandpapers and the surface properties were characterized by contact angle and roughness measurements.The effect of surface roughness on floatability was investigated by adhesion force measurement system for measuring interaction forces between droplets/bubbles and coking coal surfaces with different roughness.The results showed that the contact angle decreased with increasing roughness yet the adhesion force between the water droplet and coal surface increased owing to the increased contact line and the appearance of line pinning.Maximum adhesion forces between water and surfaces were 111.70,125.48,and 136.42μN when the roughness was 0.23,0.98,and 2.79 μm,respectively.In contrast,under a liquid environment,the adhesion forces between air bubble/oil droplet and coal surfaces were decreased with increasing roughness because of the restriction by water.Maximum adhesion forces of increasing roughness were 97.14,42.76,and 17.86 μN measured at interfaces between air bubble and coal surfaces and 169.48,145.84,and 121.02 lN between oil droplet and surfaces,respectively.Decreasing roughness could be beneficial to the spreading of oil droplets and the adhesion of bubbles which is conducive to flotation separation.

Experimental assessment of two-phase bubble pump for solar water heating

The research goal is to develop a new solar water heater system(SWHS) that uses a solar bubble pump instead of an electric pump.The pump is powered by the steam produced from an evacuated tube collector.Therefore,heat could be transferred downward from the collector to a hot water storage tank.The designed system consists of two sets of heat-pipe evacuated tube collectors,a solar bubble pump installed at an upper level and a water storage tank with a heat exchanger at a lower level.Discharge heads of 1 and 5 m were tested.The bubble pump could operate at the collector temperature of about 90-100 ℃ and vapor gage pressure of 80-90 kPa.It is found that water circulation within the SWHS depends on the incident solar intensity and system discharge head.Experimental investigations are conducted to obtain the system thermal efficiencies from the hourly,daily and long-term performance tests.The thermal performance of the proposed system is compared with conventional solar water heaters.The results show that the proposed system achieves system characteristic efficiency of 10% higher than that of the conventional systems using electric pump if taking the consumption of electric power into account.And the former is a zero carbon system.

Numerical simulation of bubble chaotic motion in a cavitating water jet

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is developed to investigate the radical motion of single cavitating bubble in the oscillating pressure field of a cavitating water jet. Regarding water as a compressible fluid, the simulation is performed at different oscillating frequencies. It is found that the bubble motion presents obvious nonlinear feature, and bifurcation and chaos appear on some conditions. The results manifest the indetermination of the cavitating bubble motion in the oscillating pressure field of the cavitating water jet.

Observation and theoretic analysis of gas-bubble formation and growth in water-model

The behavior of bubbles is observed with high-speed digital camera in water-model. It is found that each bubble has three processes: bubble formation, bubble coalescence and bubble division. Bubble shape is spherical firstly, then elliptical and spherical crown after coalescence, and spherical again after division. These phenomena are explained theoretically. And the bubble size is defined newly. The so-defined bubble size is measured through digital camera and LECO graphical analyzer. And the measured results are compared with those in literatures.

Numerical Modelling and Simulation of Chemical Reactions in a Nano-Pulse Discharged Bubble for Water Treatment

A zero-dimensional model to simulate a nano-pulse-discharged bubble in water was developed. The model consists of gas and liquid phases corresponding to the inside and outside of the bubble, respectively. The diffusions of chemical species from the gas to the liquid phase through the bubble interface was also investigated. The initial gas is Ar, but includes a little H20 and 02 in the bubble. The time evolution of the OH concentration in the liquid phase was mainly investigated as an important species for water treatment. It was shown that OH was generated in the bubble and then diffused into the liquid. With the application of a continuous nano-pulse discharge, more OH radicals were generated as the frequency increased at a low voltage for a given power consumption.

Effect of supercritical water shell on cavitation bubble dynamics

Based on reported experimental data, a new model for single cavitation bubble dynamics is proposed considering a supercritical water （SCW） shell surrounding the bubble. Theoretical investigations show that the SCW shell apparently slows down the oscillation of the bubble and cools the gas temperature inside the collapsing bubble. Furthermore, the model is simplified to a Rayleigh-Plesset-like equation for a thin SCW shell. The dependence of the bubble dynamics on the thickness and density of the SCW shell is studied. The results show the bubble dynamics depends on the thickness but is insensitive to the density of the SCW shell. The thicker the SCW shell is, the smaller are the wall velocity and the gas temperature in the bubble. In the authors＇ opinion, the SCW shell works as a buffering agent. In collapsing, it is compressed to absorb a good deal of the work transformed into the bubble internal energy during bubble collapse so that it weakens the bubble oscillations.

Synergistic Treatment of Low-concentration Organic Waste Gas by Micro-nano Bubble Coordinated with Peroxymonosulfate

Continuous dynamic experiment was conducted for the treatment of low-concentration organic waste gas with xylene as a representative, using micro-nano bubble and peroxymonosulfate working in synergy. The degradation rule of xylene under different conditions such as the ORP value of the spray liquid, pH value of the spray liquid, liquid-gas ratio of the spray liquid, residence time of xylene, and initial concentration of xylene was investigated. The results showed that at a low concentration, the pH value of the spray liquid had little effect on the degradation rate of xylene. The degradation rate of xylene rose with the increase of the ORP value of the spray liquid, the liquid-gas ratio of the spray liquid, the residence time of xylene, and the initial concentration of xylene.

Effect of bubbles addition on teetered bed separation

To improve the separation efficiency of a conventional Teetered Bed Separator(TBS) in beneficiation of fine coal with a wide size range,an Aeration TBS(A-TBS) was proposed in this investigation.The bubbles were introduced to A-TBS by a self-priming micro-bubble generator.This study theoretically analyzed the effect of bubbles on the difference in hindered settling terminal velocity between different density particles,investigated the impact of superficial water velocity(V_(SW)) and superficial gas velocity(V_(Sg)) on bed fluidization,and compared the performance of the TBS and A-TBS in treating 1-0.25 mm size fraction particles.The results show that the expansion degree of fluidized bed which was formed by different size particles or has different initial height,is increased by the introduction of bubbles.Compared with the TBS,at the same level of clean coal ash content,the A-TBS shows an increase in the combustible recovery of clean coal,ash content of tailings,and practical separation density by 5.26%,6.56%,and 0.088 g/cm3 respectively,while it shows a decrease in the probable error(E_p) and V_(SW) by 0.031 and 3.51 mm/s,respectively.The addition of bubbles at a proper amount not only improves the separation performance of TBS,but also reduces the upward water velocity.

Dispersive bubble wall—a new method of flow control in tundish

Tundish is the last refractory vessel in the steelmaking process. The fluid flow phenomena in tundish have a strong influence on the separation of non-metallic inclusions. The dispersive bubble wall （DBW） is a new method in tundish metallurgy. A water model of a multi-strand tundish has been set up based on the Froude number and Reynold number similarity criteria. The effect of DBW＋weir on the flow pattern has been studied. The results show that this new structure of DBW＋weir is beneficial not only to uniform the temperature among different submerge entry nozzles but also to separate non-metallic inclusions from liquid steel. The DBW can capture the particles of non-metallic inclusions and make them float up to the surface.

Flow Properties of Ultra-Fine Bubble Mixtures Passing through Micro-Apertures

The flow properties of fine bubble mixture flows are investigated and reported. Few previous studies have focused on ultra-fine bubble (UFB) mixtures, which contain sub-micrometer sized bubbles. In this study, UFB mixtures of water and glycerol solution are passed through micro-sized slits and capillaries, and the resultant pressure drops are evaluated in comparison with those for water and aqueous glycerol alone. The experimentally measured pressure drop for slits (≤51 μm) and capillaries (≤81 μm) is less for UFB mixtures than for water and aqueous glycerol alone. This phenomenon is considered in terms of interface behavior and attributed to the electric interaction between an electric double layer and the UFBs. Furthermore, numerical observation for slip wall conditions is conducted, and the results for UFB mixtures agree with the predicted values for slip wall conditions.

Liquid mean velocity and turbulence in a horizontal air-water bubbly flow

The liquid phase turbulent structure of an air-water bubbly horizontal flow in a circular pipe has been investigated experimentally. Three-dimensional measurements were implemented with two "X" type probes oriented in different planes, and local liquid-phase velocities and turbulent stresses were simultaneously obtained. Systematic measurements were conducted covering a range of local void fraction from 0 to 11.7%. The important experiment results and parametric trends are summarized and discussed.

A novel multi-channel porous structure facilitating mass transport towards highly efficient alkaline water electrolysis

An advantageous porous architecture of electrodes is pivotal in significantly enhancing alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)efficiency by optimizing the mass transport mechanisms.This effect becomes even more pronounced when aiming to achieve elevated current densities.Herein,we employed a rapid and scalable laser texturing process to craft novel multi-channel porous electrodes.Particularly,the obtained electrodes exhibit the lowest Tafel slope of 79 mV dec^(-1)(HER)and 49 mV dec^(-1)(OER).As anticipated,the alkaline electrolyzer(AEL)cell incorporating multi-channel porous electrodes(NP-LT30)exhibited a remarkable improvement in cell efficiency,with voltage drops(from 2.28 to 1.97 V)exceeding 300 mV under 1 A cm^(-1),compared to conventional perforated Ni plate electrodes.This enhancement mainly stemmed from the employed multi-channel porous structure,facilitating mass transport and bubble dynamics through an innovative convection mode,surpassing the traditional convection mode.Furthermore,the NP-LT30-based AEL cell demonstrated exceptional durability for 300 h under 1.0 A cm^(-2).This study underscores the capability of the novel multi-channel porous electrodes to expedite mass transport in practical AWE applications.

An Empirical Model for Dinitrogen Gas Emission from Inland Waters

The motivation to calculate this empirical model resulted from often observing—at the time disconcerting—excess dinitrogen gas (N2 concentration > background concentration) in bubble-gas emission samples, collected primarily for the purpose of carbon budget research, from Brazilian rivers and reservoirs sampled during roughly 100 field surveys lasting 4 days each on average and executed between years 2000 and 2012. We model the (serendipitously) measured dinitrogen gas above environmental concentration (N2aec) escaping in bubbles from Brazilian rivers as a function of dissolved nitrogen (N) in water. To this model, we mathematically add a pre-existing model of diffusively emitted denitrified dinitrogen (also as a function of dissolved N) from streams in the United States of America (USA). The resulting model predicts denitrified dinitrogen water-air emission from inland waters in the USA, China and Germany.

HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROCESS OF DEPRESSURIZATION OF SATURATED WATER

Experiments were carried out to find the effects of dissolved gas pressure,liquid flow rateand nozzle geometry on the bubble generation when saturated water was depressurized through anozzle.A new method,high speed camera system was developed to measure the generated microbubblesdynamically.On the basis of the laws of ideal gas and solution,theoretical generated gas flow ratewas deduced,while the Smoluchowski′s equation was applied to describe the kinetics of bubblenucleation.It was found that the size distribution of nucleated bubbles was of skewed distribution.An explanation to this phenomenon was made and the Gamma function distribution was employedfor mathematical simulation.The results show good agreement between the experimental data and thepredictions by proposed model.

Inelastic UV Scattering in a Floating Water Bridge

When high voltage is applied to distilled water filled into two beakers close to each other, a watery connection forms spontaneously, giving the impression of a floating water bridge [1-8]. In this work we present the first inelastic ultraviolet scattering data of such an electrohydrodynamic bridge revealing radial gradients of Stokes- and Anti-Stokes shifts and their intensity profiles. Interpretations including density and temperature changes within the bridge are discussed. The obtained data can be satisfactorily explained by the introduction of a second phase consisting of nano bubbles. Results and interpretation are discussed in relation to similar phenomena.

气水两相下降流中泡状流与段塞流转换边界研究

针对塔河油田气水混注驱替“阁楼油”过程中泡状流与段塞流转换边界不清的问题,利用数值模拟方法对气水两相下降流中泡状流与段塞流进行了模拟分析。结果表明:在气相表观流速为0.01~1.00 m/s、液相表观流速为0.03~2.00 m/s、管径为76 mm的模拟条件下,管道中主要为泡状流和段塞流;与模拟结果相比,Barnea、Kokal、薛玉卿模型预测的转换边界偏小,Bhagwat和Yijun模型预测的转换边界偏大;随着气相表观流速增加,泡状流向段塞流转换时所需液量逐渐增大;在低液量条件下,越靠近管道中心,气泡数量越多,空隙率越大;随液量增加,单个小气泡体积减小,气泡在整个管道横截面上分布越均匀。基于漂移模型,考虑气泡群滑脱速度,建立了新的泡状流与段塞流转换边界模型,216组文献数据验证结果显示,新模型准确率为95.37%,准确度较高。建立的泡状流—段塞流转换边界模型,不仅可提高井筒压力、温度模型的计算精度,同时对塔河油田现场注入井井口参数优化、注入设备优选和提高“阁楼油”驱替效率有很好的理论指导意义。

微纳米气泡强化臭氧氧化降解含酚废水

为了降解毒性强的含酚工业废水,本文将微纳米气泡与臭氧氧化法相结合,探究了处理温度、溶液pH、苯酚初始浓度和臭氧浓度对苯酚降解的影响。结果表明,相较于传统气泡,微纳米气泡破裂可诱导产生更多的·OH,弥补了臭氧传质效率低和氧化性不足等缺点,使反应体系的氧化还原电位明显提高,并在苯酚降解过程中起到主要作用;相比于臭氧氧化法,苯酚降解效果得到显著提升;提升臭氧浓度、溶液pH及降低苯酚初始浓度均可促进反应体系中生成更多的·OH,进而提升除酚率。通过气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)检测苯酚降解的中间产物,分析了苯酚降解的可能路径。总体而言,微纳米气泡结合臭氧氧化法是一种有潜力的除酚技术,研究结果对此技术在工业废水降解中的应用和推广具有指导意义。

水下钻孔爆破技术新发展

水下钻孔爆破虽然经过了几十年的工程实践和理论研究,但成果散乱且不系统,有些资料还相互矛盾,落后的施工工艺及装备还在使用,难以使水下钻孔爆破设计与施工实现正规化、现代化和智能化。通过查阅近二十年的文献资料、现场调研和工程实践等,对水下钻孔爆破的理论、装备、技术与工艺和有害效应控制等最新成果进行梳理与总结,展现水下钻孔爆破最新发展成果。为实际工程项目爆破方案与参数设计、施工工艺与装备选择、有害效应控制与防护措施等提供理论及技术支撑,从而解决水下钻孔爆破中遇到的疑难问题,达到优质安全高效之目的。