Micro-patterning of Copper Based on Photolithographed Self-assembly Monolayers

A new method has been developed for fabrication of copper micro-pattern by selective chemical copper deposition based on photolithographed (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (MPTS) self-assembly monolayers (SAMs). As confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Cu closely replicated the mask features. The present approach makes this technic to be cheap and may be applicable to assembly of microelectronic circuits.

Low-thermal-budget Au-free ohmic contact to an ultrathin barrier AlGaN/GaN heterostructure utilizing a micro-patterned ohmic recess

A pre-ohmic micro-patterned recess process,is utilized to fabricate Ti/Al/Ti/TiN ohmic contact to an ultrathin-barrier(UTB)AlGaN/GaN heterostructure,featuring a significantly reduced ohmic contact resistivity of 0.56Ω·mm at an alloy temperature of 550℃.The sheet resistances increase with the temperature following a power law with the index of +2.58,while the specific contact resistivity decreases with the temperature.The contact mechanism can be well described by thermionic field emission(TFE).The extracted Schottky barrier height and electron concentration are 0.31 eV and 5.52×10^(18) cm^(−3),which suggests an intimate contact between ohmic metal and the UTB-AlGaN as well as GaN buffer.A good correlation between ohmic transfer length and the micro-pattern size is revealed,though in-depth investigation is needed.A preliminary CMOS-process-compatible metal-insulator-semiconductor high-mobility transistor(MIS-HEMT)was fabricated with the proposed Au-free ohmic contact technique.

建筑表皮的美学特征对面料创新设计的启示与实践

为了探讨面料创新设计的多元化,分析了建筑表皮的风格、肌理透叠美学以及参数化几何图案设计对面料创新的启示。首先介绍了建筑表皮设计在面料创新中的关键作用,强调了建筑表皮设计与时尚前沿的密切联系,以及其对不同生活方式群体的需求满足;然后,详细探讨了建筑表皮肌理透叠美学的意境美和微空间美,以及其在面料结构创新中的应用。通过分析建筑表皮肌理的“透”和“叠”,阐述了其在面料设计中的独特价值,以及透叠设计带来的意境感和微空间效果;最后讨论了建筑表皮参数化几何图案设计对面料创新的启示。通过介绍参数化设计的原理和实践案例,阐明了参数化几何图案设计对面料创新的重要意义,以及其为面料设计带来的新可能性和视野;主张在面料创新设计中充分借鉴建筑表皮设计的思维和技术,促进面料设计发展更加多元化、艺术化和科技化。

基于遗传-模式搜索算法的微尺度管控区域大气污染物PM2.5溯源

针对微尺度管控区域可能发生的大气污染提出有效的靶向诊断方法-结合高斯烟羽模型和遗传-模式搜索算法的大气污染物分布式溯源方法.将污染源反算模型得到的污染物理论质量浓度与传感器网络观测值的数据对应关系作为目标函数,使用模式搜索算法嵌入遗传算法加快反算模型的搜索过程,反算得到污染源强度和位置.依托杭州市亚运板球场馆大气感知器网络进行实验验证,监测2021年10月PM2.5质量浓度、气象数据,对所提出的混合式大气污染溯源方法进行实验验证.实验结果表明:改进遗传-模式搜索算法对于多维变量的搜索效果较好,能快速精准地反算污染源的位置和强度,可以为微尺度管控区域突发性气体污染防治提供应急决策参考.

Angular color uniformity enhancement of white light-emitting diodes by remote micro-patterned phosphor film

Angular color uniformity(ACU)is a key factor used to evaluate the light quality of white-light emitting diodes(LEDs).In this study,a novel double remote micro-patterned phosphor film(double RMPP film)was used to enhance the ACU of a remote phosphor(RP)down-light lamp.A conventional RP film and remote phosphor film with single micro-patterned film(single RMPP film)also were examined for comparison.The angular correlated color temperature(CCT)distributions and the optical performance of the films were experimentally measured.The measurement results showed that double RMPP film configuration exhibited better color uniformity with a CCT deviation of only 441 K,compared with 556 K for the single RMPP film configuration and 1390 K for the RP film configuration.A simulation based on FDTD and ray tracing combined method also confirmed the ACU improvement.In addition,compared with the conventional RP film,the luminous efficiency of single and double RMPP film configurations was increased by 6.68% and 4.69%,respectively,at a driving current of 350 mA.The enhancement of the ACU and luminous efficiency are due to the scattering and mixing effect of the micropatterned film.Moreover,the double RMPP film configuration had better CCT stability at different currents than the other two configurations.The results demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of double RMPP film in white LED applications.

基于微气压传感器的室内行人高度估计方法

针对当前气压传感器解算高度存在误差随时间累积的问题,提出了一种基于微气压传感器的室内行人高度估计新方法。该方法结合微气压传感器的输出高度值,对多个相邻时间内的高度值进行合理性判断,并结合室内行人运动状态对高度变化进行约束,使得解算的高度符合室内行人运动规律。通过电脑采集MS5611微气压传感器数据进行仿真验证,结果表明:该方法能够有效地对高度误差进行修正,相较于微气压传感器直接解算的高度,该算法解算的高度更贴合实际情况,解算轨迹也更接近真实轨迹,轨迹的平均闭环误差从1.9%D下降至0.07%D。该算法有效地提高了室内行人高度估计的定位精度,在室内行人三维定位领域具有一定的工程应用价值。

A novel method of encoded multiplexing readout for micro-pattern gas detectors

The requirement of a large number of electronic channels poses a big challenge to the further applications of Micro-pattern Gas Detectors （MPGDs）. By using the redundancy that at least two neighboring strips record the signal of a particle, a novel method of encoded multiplexing readout for MPGDs is presented in this paper. The method offers a feasible and easily-extensible way of encoding and decoding, and can significantly reduce the number of readout channels. A verification test was carried out on a 5 cm×5 cm Thick Gas Electron Multiplier （THGEM） detector using a 8 keV Cu X-ray source with 100um slit, where 166 strips were read out by 21 encoded readout channels. The test results show good linearity in its position response, and the spatial resolution root-mean-square （RMS） of the test system is about 260um. This method has potential to build large area detectors and can be easily adapted to other detectors similar to MPGDs.

A prototype scalable readout system for micro-pattern gas detectors

A scalable readout system （SRS） is designed to provide a general solution for different micro-pattern gas detectors in various applications. The system mainly consists of three kinds of modules： the ASIC card, the adapter card and the front-end card （FEC）. The ASIC cards, mounted with particular ASIC chips, are designed for receiving detector signals. The adapter card is in charge of digitizing the output signals from several ASIC cards. The FEC, edged-mounted with the adapter, has field-programmable gate array （FPGA）-based reconfigurable logic and I/O interfaces, allowing users to choose different ASIC cards and adapters for different experiments, which expands the system to various applications. The FEC transfers data through Gigabit Ethernet protocol realized by a TCP processor （SiTCP） IP core in FPGA. By assembling a flexible number of FECs in parallel through Gigabit Ethernet, the readout system can be tailored to specific sizes to adapt to the experiment scales and readout requirements. In this paper, two kinds of multi-channel ASIC chip, VA140 and AGET, are applied to verify the scalability of this SRS architecture. Based on this VA140 or AGET SRS, one FEC covers 8 ASIC （VA140） cards handling 512 detector channels, or 4 ASIC （AGET） cards handling 256 detector channels, respectively. More FECs can be assembled in crates to handle thousands of detector channels.

Study of 2D interpolating readout for a micro-pattern gaseous detector

The two-dimensional interpolating readout, a new readout concept based on resistive anode structure, was studied for the micro-pattern gaseous detector. Within its high spatial resolution, the interpolating resistive readout structure leads to an enormous reduction of electronic channels compared with pure pixel devices, and also makes the detector more reliable and robust, which is attributed to its resistive anode relieving discharge. A GEM （gaseous electron multiplier） detector with 2D interpolating resistive readout structure was set up and the performance of the detector was studied with ^55Fe 5.9 keV X-ray. The detector worked stably at the gain up to 3.5 × 104 without any discharge. An energy resolution of about 19%, and a spatial resolution of about 219 μm （FWHM） were reached, and good imaging performance was also obtained.

Micro-patterned hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin coatings on Mg-Zn-Y-Nd-Zr alloys for better corrosion resistance and cell behavior guidance

In this study,a micro-patterned hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin(HA-SF)coating was firstly fabricated on the surface of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd-Zr alloy by template-assisted electrospraying technique coupling with spin coating technique.Two types of micro-patterns were achieved with high contour accuracy,namely HA SF(line-pattern)and HA-SF(dot-pattern).The microstructure,composition,surface wettability and corrosion behaviors of the coatings were investigated by SEM,EDS,FTIR,XRD,water contact angle and potentiodynamic polarization test.The results revealed the hydrophilic nature of coatings and two orders of magnitude reduction of corrosion density(icorr)as compared with that of the substrate.All the micro-patterned surfaces promoted the attachment of MC3T3-E1 cells with visible filopodia after 1 d incubation.In addition,coatings with line pattern exhibited the superior guidance to cell migration as compared to dot pattern,and the preference of cell attachment in the convex zone was observed.In summary,the obtained micro-patterned HA-SF coatings possessed the remarkably improvement of anticorrosion ability and good efficacy in guidance of cell attachment and alignment,which can serve as a promising strategy for cellular response modulation at the interface of magnesium-based implants and bone.

Micro-patterned liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry axilens

A liquid crystal Pancharatnam–Berry（PB） axilens is proposed and fabricated via a digital micro-mirrordevice-based photo-patterning system. The polarization-dependent device behaves as an axilens for a lefthanded circularly polarized incident beam, for which an optical ring is focused with a long focal depth in the transverse direction at the output, and an anti-axilens for a right-handed circularly polarized incident beam,for which an optical ring gradually expands at the output. The modification of the size and the sharpness of the diffracted ring beam is demonstrated by encoding a positive（negative） PB lens term into the director expression of a PB（anti-）axicon.

一种简易的单细胞图案化微流控芯片方法与条件优化

目的 解决可控流体刺激下单细胞水平图案化的精准控制问题。方法 结合微接触印刷图案化方法与微流控芯片技术,优化一种简易可拆卸芯片中单细胞图案化策略。首先利用单因素法优化蛋白图案化与细胞图案化步骤,分别改变离子体处理时间、FN包被时间、清洗次数、印章接触时间、F127浓度、F127处理时间、细胞接种时间和细胞密度等,最终得到单细胞图案化最佳参数。然后利用3D打印与真空负压封装,实现微流控芯片可拆可密封,保证图案化细胞与流体剪切力二者都精准可控。结果 根据单因素法条件配比,得到蛋白图案化最佳参数:等离子体氧处理1 min、FN包被30 min、印章接触时间6~24 h、清洗2次。细胞图案化最佳参数:F127浓度2%,处理时间1 h,细胞密度2×10~6mL^(-1),细胞接种时间为15~30 min,单细胞图案有效维持时间6~8 h。基于3D打印模具与真空负压封装的微流控芯片可同时提供两种强度不同的流体剪切力。结论 优化后的单细胞图案化微流控芯片方法为图案化驱动的多细胞体系与力学环境耦合机制提供较为理想的实验平台。

Application of a wedge strip anode in micro-pattern gaseous detectors

The wedge strip anode （WSA） has been widely used in 2-D positiomsensitive detectors. A circular WSA with an effective diameter of 52 mm is successfully coupled to a tripe gas electron multiplier （GEM） detector through a simple resistive layer. A spatial resolution of 440 μm （FWHM） is achieved for a 10 kVp X-ray using 1 atm Ar：CO2=70：30 gas. The simple electronics of only three channels makes it very useful in applications strongly requiring simple interface design, e.g. sealed tubes and high pressure detectors.

不同微结构超疏水表面的光热防除冰特性

超疏水光热防除冰表面作为一种新兴的防除冰手段,在防除冰领域具有巨大的应用潜能。本研究通过数值模拟和物理实验相结合的手段研究了不同微结构超疏水表面的光热防除冰特性。基于有限元模拟,得到了纳米颗粒的粒径、种类、体积分数、涂层厚度及微纳复合结构表面的结构参数对表面光热转化效率和升温效果的影响。另外,考虑了微柱和微锥两种微纳复合结构,数值结果表明微纳复合结构具有更好的光热特性,微锥结构的光热特性最好。同时,详细讨论了微结构尺寸参数,如特征尺度和高宽比,对表面吸收率与光热转化效率的影响。光照升温和融冰试验结果表明制备的超疏水光热表面能够实现高效的光热转化和防除冰功能,最优结构的表面在一个太阳光照条件下的温升可以达到45℃。本研究的研究工作可以为防除冰材料的优化设计提供参考。

底栖生物影响下的潮滩微地貌演化数值模拟

潮滩是海岸带湿地的主要类型之一,其中分布的底栖生物对生态环境具有重要的调节作用。潮滩底栖微藻、泥沙与水动力之间存在相互作用,影响潮滩微地貌形态,明晰底栖生物对潮滩微地貌的演化机制至关重要。以黄河三角洲潮滩湿地为研究区,通过构建潮滩微地貌动力模型,探究底栖生物对微地貌格局演化的作用机制,分析底栖生物对微地貌系统稳定性的影响。结果表明(1)底栖微藻生长与泥沙扩散、水流再分配过程交互作用驱动下,潮滩上可形成底栖微藻覆盖的高丘与积水洼地交替分布的规则性微地貌斑图;(2)微地貌斑图的形成提高了潮滩生态系统初级生产力和泥沙淤积高度;(3)底栖微藻与泥沙、水流的交互作用使得潮滩微地貌系统对侵蚀扰动呈现非线性响应行为,系统存在临界点,且在一定侵蚀率范围内存在双稳态;(4)黄河口泥螺入侵使得微地貌系统抵抗侵蚀扰动能力减小,且系统稳定性随泥螺生物量的增加而降低。

城市交通信号优化控制平台设计与应用

为缓解城市交通拥堵,提升居民出行体验,设计并实现了基于微服务模式的城市交通信号优化控制平台。平台业务架构分为数据接口、信息处理、控制优化和业务应用4个层次,技术架构包含资源管理、数据管理和服务管理3个部分,以实时交通感知数据为支撑,采用方案知识库和方案生成器综合调度的场景驱动信号优化控制技术,实现全天候自动调度、多场景自动切换的城市全域智能信号控制。某市的应用案例实施效果表明:城市交通信号优化控制平台能够提升相关区域城市交通管理与信息服务水平,有效缓解城市交通拥堵,实现人机协同的交通信号闭环优化目标。

自然降雨雨型变化对坡面细沟间侵蚀的影响

通过野外微小区原位观测试验,基于降雨过程中降雨的集中时段对2017—2021年34次侵蚀性降雨雨型进行划分,系统分析雨型变化对黄土坡面细沟间侵蚀的影响及坡度效应。结果表明:研究区以前期型降雨为主,占总场次的52%,中期型和后期型降雨各占24%。中期型降雨对总产流量的贡献(25.56%±3.83%)显著低于前期型(36.70%±2.07%)和后期型(37.74%±4.01%)(p<0.05)。不同雨型场均径流量依次为后期型>中期型>前期型,后期型和中期型降雨显著高于前期型。而降雨的场均产沙量则表现为后期型>前期型>中期型,且后期型降雨显著高于中期型(p<0.05)。雨型对细沟间侵蚀影响的坡度效应变化不明显,但随着坡度增大,后期型降雨的场均径流量和产沙量均大于前期型和中期型,说明后期型降雨的产流产沙对坡度变化相对较为敏感。次降雨径流量、坡度和降雨参数组合与次降雨产沙非线性拟合中,方程决定系数后期型(0.939~0.942)>中期型(0.776~0.845)>前期型(0.220~0.537),说明区分雨型模拟可提高模拟精度。

塔里木盆地西北缘不同种植模式棉田微环境及经济效益比较

【目的】比较新疆塔里木盆地西北缘单作棉田与2种枣棉间作棉田对生态的改善程度及单位土地面积内的经济效益。【方法】以棉花品种新陆中36号为材料,设置单作棉田(CK)、1膜2行枣棉间作棉田(C_(1))及1膜4行枣棉间作棉田(C_(2))。研究不同间作模式对棉田的微环境指标、棉花不同生育期生长、产量以及经济效益的影响。【结果】不同间作模式棉田光强变化为CK>C_(1)>C_(2);C_(1)、C_(2)的3个冠位CO_(2)总浓度均高于单作棉田;单作棉田的光强、风速、空气及土壤温度均高于2个间作棉田,而空气、土壤湿度均低于2个间作棉田。C_(2)模式棉田的空气、土壤温度、风速明显低于C_(1),空气及土壤湿度则相反。蕾期-花铃期的棉花各生长指标表现为间作棉田>单作棉田。CK模式棉花产量最高,达到398.00 kg/667m^(2)。净收入表现为C_(1)>C_(2)>CK>CK 0,C_(1)模式棉田净收入为2517.28元/(667m^(2)·a),但收益率(37.96%),排名第2。【结论】最佳枣棉种植模式为1膜2行模式。

液相下激光烧蚀快速制备图案化铜微纳结构

为了实现大面积图案化铜微纳结构的制备,基于液相下激光烧蚀技术,以硅片为衬底,将其浸没在含有Cu2O微米粒子的乙醇溶液中,采用纳秒脉冲激光进行加工。研究了激光功率、扫描速度和扫描次数对铜微纳结构的影响,分析了图案化铜微纳结构的形成机制,并研究了图案化铜微纳结构的浸润特性。扫描电子显微镜结果表明,随着激光功率、扫描速度和扫描次数的增加,图案化铜微纳结构中的铜颗粒熔融现象加剧,光斑中心区域的纳米颗粒粒径逐渐增大,光斑交界处形成呈现周期性分布的微米量级单元结构。能量色散X射线光谱证明少量Cu元素分布在光斑中心区域,大量Cu元素集中在光斑交界处。随着扫描次数的增加,样品表面粗糙度和纯净水/食用油接触角均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。当扫描次数为6时,表面平均粗糙度为(1.3±0.11)μm,纯净水接触角可达(155.2±1.5)°,食用油接触角达(100.0±1.3)°。该大面积图案化铜微纳结构制备方法简单快速,无粉尘污染,在微流体芯片、集水系统和废水处理等领域具有广泛的应用前景。