Theoretical analysis of the sound absorption characteristics of periodically stiffened micro-perforated plates

The vibro-acoustic responses and sound absorption characteristics of two kinds of periodically stiffened micro-perforated plates are analyzed theoretically. The connected periodical structures of the stiffened plates can be ribs or block-like structures. Based on fundamental acoustic formulas of the micro-perforated plate of Maa and Takahashi, semi-analytical models of the vibrating stiffened plates are developed in this paper. Approaches like the space harmonic method, Fourier transforms and finite element method （FEM） are adopted to investigate both kinds of the stiffened plates. In the present work, the vibro-acoustic responses of micro-perforated stiffened plates in the wavenumber space are expressed as functions of plate displacement amplitudes. After approximate numerical solutions of the amplitudes, the vibration equations and sound absorption coefficients of the two kinds of stiffened plates in the physical space are then derived by employing the Fourier inverse transform. In numerical examples, the effects of some physical parameters, such as the perforation ratio, incident angles and periodical distances etc., on the sound absorption performance are examined. The proposed approaches are also validated by comparing the present results with solutions of Takahashi and previous studies of stiffened plates. Numerical results indicate that the flexural vibration of the plate has a signif- icant effect on the sound absorption coefficient in the water but has little influence in the air.

Hybrid device for acoustic noise reduction and energy harvesting based on a silicon micro-perforated panel structure

A kind of hybrid device for acoustic noise reduction and vibration energy harvesting based on the silicon micro- perforated panel （MPP） resonant structure is investigated in the article. The critical parts of the device include MPP and energy harvesting membranes. They are all fabricated by means of silicon micro-electro-mechanical systems （MEMS） tech- nology. The silicon MPP has dense and accurate micro-holes. This noise reduction structure has the advantages of wide band and higher absorption coefficients. The vibration energy harvesting part is formed by square piezoelectric membranes arranged in rows. ZnO material is used as it has a good compatibility with the fabrication process. The MPP, piezo- electric membranes, and metal bracket are assembled into a hybrid device with multifunctions. The device exhibits good performances of acoustic noise absorption and acoustic-electric conversion. Its maximum open circuit voltage achieves 69.41 mV.

Acoustic Properties of Micro-Perforated Panels Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid

This paper presents the development and performance of micro-perforated panels(MPP)from natural fiber reinforced composites.The MPP is made of Polylactic Acid(PLA)reinforced with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber(OPEFBF).The investigation was made by varying the fiber density,air gap,and perforation ratio to observe the effect on the Sound Absorption Coefficient(SAC)through the experiment in an impedance tube.It is found that the peak level of SAC is not affected,but the peak frequency shifts to lower frequency when the fiber density is increased.This phenomenon might be due to the presence of porosity in the inner wall of the holes.Increasing or decreasing the air gap and perforation ratio shifts the peaks of acoustic absorption either way.

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH ON PRESSURE LOSS OF CROSS-FLOW PERFORATED MUFFLER

The pressure loss of cross-flow perforated of physical modeling, simulation and data processing. muffler has been computed with the procedure Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics （CFD） has been used to investigate the relations of porosities, flow velocity and diameter of the holes with the pressure loss. Accordingly, some preliminary results have been obtained that pressure loss increases with porosity descent as nearly a hyperbolic trend, rising flow velocity of the input makes the pressure loss increasing with parabola trend, diameter of holes affects little about pressure loss of the muffler. Otherwise, the holes on the perforated pipes make the air flow gently and meanly, which decreases the air impact to the wall and pipes in the muffler. A practical perforated muffler is used to illustrate the available of this method for pressure loss computation, and the comparison shows that the computation results with the method of CFD has reference value for muffler design.

Theoretical Calculation and Analysis of Muffler Based on Multilayer Sound Absorbing Material

The multilayer impedance composite sound absorption structure of the new muffler is proposed by combining the microporous plate structure with the resonant sound absorption structure of the porous material.Firstly,the acoustic impedance and acoustic absorption coefficient of the new muffler structure are calculated by acoustic electric analogy method,and then the noise attenuation is calculated.When the new muffler structure parameters change,the relationship among the noise frequency,the sound absorption coefficient and the noise attenuation is calculated by using MATLAB.Finally,the calculated results are compared with the experimental data to verify the correctness of the theoretical calculation.The variation of resonance peak,resonance frequency and attenuation band width of each structural parameter is analyzed by the relation curve.The conclusion shows that it is feasible to use multilayer sound absorbing materials as the body structure of the new muffler.And the influence relationship between the change of various parameters of the sound absorption structure with the sound absorption coefficient and noise attenuation is obtained.

PREDICTION OF ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE IN EXPANSION CHAMBER MUFFLERS WITH MEAN FLOW BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

The equation of wave propagation in a circular chamber with mean flow is obtained. Computational solution based on finite element method is employed to determine the transmission loss of expansive chamber. The effect of the mean flow and geometry (length of expansion chamber and expansion ratio)on acoustic attenuation performance is discussed, the predicted values of transmission loss of expansion chamber without and with mean flow are compared with those reported in the literature and they agree well. The accuracy of the prediction of transmission loss implies that finite element approximations are applicable to a lot of practical applications.

Medical treatment for a fish bone-induced ileal micro-perforation:A case report

Ingested fish bone induced intestinal perforations are seldom diagnosed preoperatively due to incomplete patient history taking and difficulties in image evidence identification.Most literature suggests early surgical intervention to prevent sepsis and complications resulting from fish bone migrations.We report the case of a 44-year-old man suffered from acute abdomen induced by a fish bone micro-perforation.The diagnosis was supported by computed tomography(CT) imaging of fish bone lodged in distal ileum and a history of fish ingestion recalled by the patient.Medical treatment was elected to manage the patient's condition instead of surgical intervention.The treatment resulted in a complete resolution of abdominal pain on hospital day number 4 without complication.Factors affecting clinical treatment decisions include the nature of microperforation,the patient's good overall health condition,and the early diagnosis before sepsis signs develop.Micro-perforation means the puncture of intestine wall without CT evidence of free air,purulent peritoneum or abscess.We subsequently reviewed the literature to support our decision to pursue medical instead of surgical intervention.

A novel multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler

A novel multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler is proposed. The multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler is composed of steel structures and silicone membranes. With suitable construction, the Helmholtz muffler can be designed to exhibit negative mass density in low frequency, and the muffling frequency can be adjusted when we change the internal structure of the cavity,which will be very attractive for noise control. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the membranes and the cavities on noise reduction characteristics with theoretical calculations and simulations. The results show that the numbers of membranes and the volumes of the cavities can have a great effect on the position of the muffling frequency. The number of cavities can have a great effect on the width of the muffling frequency(reduce the noise by 10 dB). With different combinations of the membranes and cavities, we can get different muffling frequencies, which can meet different muffling demands in practical applications and is more flexible than the traditional Helmholtz cavity.

Research on Measurement Method of Muffler Performance under High Temperature and High-Speed Airflow Conditions

Ignoring the influence of flow velocity and flow temperature on muffling performance,performance tests were conducted without airflow in the development phase of the muffler which accounts to the difficulty of obtaining a perfect match between the actual noise reduction effect and the design goal.Based on the two-load test theory,a set of high-temperature and high-speed airflow simulation measurement devices for the muffler has been built.In order to avoid the impact of high-temperature and high-speed airflow on the sensor,a high temperature resistant sensor holder has been designed for the test rig.The sound pressure has been measured in the pipe by using the lead-out measurement.In addition,a variable impedance load is placed at the end of the test tube to realize the switch between two different impedance loads by the wave handle of the variable impedance load.A sound source correction method is proposed to decrease the random fluctuation of the spectral characteristics of the output noise signal,which is caused by the acoustic impedance variation at the connection between the transition pipeline and the combined sound source system.Finally,an acoustic software has been used to calculate the transmission loss of the muffler in the presence of high temperature airflow.In comparing the experimental measurements and the simulation results,the small difference shows that:the bench not only can effectively simulate high-temperature and flow velocity environment of the engine but also accurately test the transmission loss of the muffler.

Enhancing Sound Absorption in Micro-Perforated Panel and Porous Material Composite in Low Frequencies:A Numerical Study Using FEM

Mitigating low-frequency noise poses a significant challenge for acoustic engineers,due to their long wavelength,with conventional porous sound absorbers showing limitations in attenuating such noise.An effective strategy involves combining porous materials with micro-perforated plates(MPP)to address this issue.Given the significant impact of structural variables like panel thickness,hole diameter,and air gap on the acoustic characteristics of MPP,achieving the optimal condition demands numerous sample iterations.The impedance tube’s considerable expense for sound absorption measurement and the substantial cost involved in fabricating each sample using a 3D printer underscore the advantage of utilizing simulation methods to attain the optimal state.This study focuses on optimizing low-frequency enhancement by investigating key parameters.Using the Finite Element Numerical Method(FEM)in COMSOL software,a composite panel was constructed comprising date palm fiber layers,an intervening air layer,and MPP.The study explored the arrangement of these layers and the impact of parameters like hole diameter,plate thickness,and perforation ratio on acoustic behavior.The selected optimal parameter at each stage was consistently maintained for subsequent steps.Results revealed that layer arrangement significantly influenced acoustic characteristics.Placing the MPP layer before the porous material yielded superior low-frequency performance.Optimizing low-frequency behavior involved reducing hole diameter and perforation ratio while increasing plate thickness.Elevating the porous material’s thickness relative to the air layer behind the MPP enhanced absorption peak and resonance frequency.In conclusion,halving the porous layer’s thickness while incorporating an air layer and single MPP proved more effective than using a thick porous material.This approach not only reduces costs and space requirements but also enhances low-frequency performance.The study highlights the precision of numerical methods like FEM,reducing the need for resource-intensive direct methods and associated laboratory expenses.

Calculation and Analysis of Acoustic Characteristics of Straight-Through Perforated Pipe Muffler Based on Multilayer Sound Absorbing Material

Using the multi-physical field simulation software COMSOL,the acoustic characteristics of the multilayer sound absorbing material straight-through perforated pipe muffler are studied by the finite element method.The results show that the finite element calculation of the multilayer sound absorbing material straight-through the perforated pipe muffler agrees well with the experimental measurement results.The reliability of the finite element method for studying the acoustic performance of the straight-through perforated pipe muffler with multilayer sound absorbing materials is shown.Furthermore,the influence of some structural parameters of porous sound absorbing material and micro-perforated plate on the acoustic performance of the multilayer sound absorbing material straight-through perforated pipe muffler is analyzed.The muffler based on multilayer sound absorbing material is different from the traditional muffler.After applying the multilayer sound absorbing material to the straight-through perforated pipe muffler,the transmission loss value greatly increases,which provides new ideas and directions for future research on the muffler.

Reducing the Gas Pressure Drop in Suction Mufflers of Hermetic Reciprocating Compressors

The suction muffler of hermetic reciprocating compressors is installed in order to attenuate the noise generated by the gas pulsation of the flow through the suction valve. However, the installation of the suction muffler affects the operation of the compressor owing to gas pressure drop, which causes volumetric and energetic efficiency loss due to the gas specific volume augmentation. Therefore, there is a compromise between sound attenuation and pressure drop increase, which has to be taken into account by compressor designers. In this work, it presents a numerical solution to the flow through a suction muffler in order to analyze the pressure field and point out the main contributions to the overall pressure drop of the flow. A commercial CFD （computational fluid dynamics） code was used to perform the numerical simulations and the results were validated by using experimental data. After analyzing the pressure field, the geometry of the muffler was modified intending to decrease the flow pressure drop. The geometric modification produced a 28% reduction on the overall pressure drop, without influencing the sound attenuation.

带消声功能的潜艇换热器声学性能仿真

针对潜艇消声问题,提出一种带消声功能的换热器,开展环状橡胶气囊结构消声性能研究。建立仿真模型和进行传递损失计算,证明有囊式消声器的消声效果。利用控制变量法定量改变设计参数,分别研究气腔长度、穿孔直径和穿孔率对气囊消声效果的影响规律,为潜艇换热器的流动噪声控制提供有力支撑。

基于GT-Power的排气轰鸣噪声控制与优化研究

针对某1.5T三缸发动机车型排气尾管噪声在1 280 r/min、1 550 r/min转速下出现轰鸣声的问题,对其排气系统消声器结构进行优化设计,从而达到消除该轰鸣声的目标。分析了排气尾管轰鸣声的产生原因,并解释了轰鸣产生的机理,得出该轰鸣声是消声器在96~116 Hz下消声量不足的结论。通过GT-Power软件基于传递损失仿真结果优化了排气系统消声器结构,并建立发动机模型,与优化后的排气系统模型进行噪声仿真,仿真结果满足优化要求。在整车半消声室中进行了排气尾管噪声测试试验,测试结果验证了分析结果的准确性,且优化方案排气尾管轰鸣声消失,中高转速下噪声降低2 dB(A)

基于低频吸声超构材料的复合消声器

针对管道内低频噪声难以抑制的问题,基于亥姆霍兹共振腔阵列吸声板和穿孔管消声器组合,设计了一种复合式宽带消声器。首先利用有限元法仿真分析传统穿孔管消声器,发现中低频消声能力较差,通过嵌入亥姆霍兹共振腔阵列吸声板吸收中低频噪声。采用仿真与实验的方式研究吸声板的声学性能:在400∼1000 Hz频段内的平均吸声系数达到了0.88。然后对复合式消声器进行数值模拟及3D打印阻抗管实验测试对比:复合式消声器在400∼1718 Hz频率范围内的平均传递损失为18.15 dB。最终实现了管道内全频带噪声有效控制。

基于近似模型的弹性背腔穿孔管消声器声学性能优化

弹性背腔穿孔管消声器利用声波和弹性管壁的耦合作用,相比于穿孔管消声器具有更好的低频消声性能。为了进一步提高该消声器的低频、宽频消声能力,采用遗传算法对其进行优化。首先,利用COMSOL有限元软件建立该消声器的传递损失计算模型。其次,分析弹性管壁材料对消声器低频消声性能的影响,并选取橡胶复合材料作为弹性管壁材料。再次,由于所采用的有限元模型计算耗时长,为节约时间资源,利用径向基函数(Radial Basis Function,RBF)神经网络方法建立近似模型代替有限元计算模型。最后,利用近似模型结合遗传算法进行全局寻优,获得该消声器结构参数的优化结果,并利用有限元模型验证优化的准确性。结果表明:优化后在100~1000 Hz低频段范围内弹性背腔穿孔管消声器消声带宽增加62%,且平均传递损失提高3.6 dB。

双层动车复合式冷却系统散热与噪声控制的优化研究

高速双层动车由于其内部空间紧凑以及元件的高功率化,冷却系统存在整体散热性能较差、噪声污染严重的问题。为此,通过冷却系统空气流场的数值模拟与试验研究,对其散热性能和噪声控制进行了优化。参照常用的冷却系统空气流道结构,基于双层动车复合式冷却系统的技术参数要求,对其尺寸进行了初步设计计算。分别采用多孔介质模型和多参考系(MRF)对复合式冷却系统换热器的芯体结构与旋风过滤器进行简化,并对其空气侧流场进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:风机入口处存在局部涡流,导致流体进入通风机的角度混乱,影响风机有效做功,在工作环境下系统风量(2.96 m^(3)/s)远小于设计值(3.35 m^(3)/s);同时局部涡流产生较大的气动噪声。此外,换热器入口的风速分布不均匀,导致系统冷却能力不足。针对上述问题,对空气流道结构进行了优化。调整了进、出口消声器的3个流道的流通面积,并在过渡段设置“喇叭型”导流结构来改善换热器进口处风速的均匀性;在冷却系统进、出口增加弧线型消声器能进一步降低噪声。结果表明:空气流道结构优化后水侧散热功率从33.18 kW增加到41.55 kW,油侧散热功率从157.82 kW增加到173.82 kW,系统加权平均噪声值从74.95 dB(A)降低到72.21 dB(A)。本研究可为类似工程项目冷却系统的优化设计提供参考,有助于改善乘坐体验和车辆运行的经济性。

双螺杆空压机消声器设计与性能分析

针对双螺杆空压机在工作过程中壳体产生较大噪声的问题,利用有限元分析技术,对空压机壳体进行噪声频谱研究,得到在100~1500 Hz时,双螺杆空压机壳体噪声频谱图。采用添加消声器的方法进行降噪处理,并对消声器进行了结构优化设计,消除了谐振现象;将所设计的消声器安装在双螺杆空压机吸气口处,对比发现该消声器具有较好的降噪效果。研究成果可对双螺杆空压机降噪起到一定的参考作用。

任意边界条件下弹性背腔膜式消声器声学特性分析

弹性背腔膜式消声器由弹性背腔以及弹性内膜组成,通过声场与弹性内膜及弹性外膜的耦合作用,降低消声器下游的透射声能,在低频具有较好的宽带消声效果。为求解任意边界条件下的弹性背腔膜式消声器的传递损失,基于能量原理,建立了弹性背腔膜式消声器的声振耦合模型。采用边界弹簧约束来实现弹性膜的任意边界条件,进而分析边界约束对传递损失特性的影响。结果表明,理论计算结果与有限元结果吻合良好;结构边界约束对系统声学特性影响显著,增强外膜边界约束,能获得低频宽带消声效果;减弱内膜边界约束,能使最低消声频率向低频移动。

燃料电池用离心式空压机抗性消声器设计及其消声效果分析

基于计算流体力学耦合计算气动声学的方法,在不同空压机运行工况下分析了穿孔消声器的降噪效果,量化了消声器内的热声转化关系。结果表明,穿孔消声器的空腔厚度和穿孔率对高频组分声波的吸消声起着决定性作用。与低频声波相比,穿孔消声器对高频组分声波的消声效果更好;随转速的增加,穿孔消声器对高频组分声波的消声效果逐渐增强,而对低频组分声波的消声效果几乎无变化。对穿孔消声器内的热声转化分析表明,低转速运行工况下,消声器消声前后声振荡能量几乎全部转化为工质可用能,而在中高转速运行工况下,声振荡衰减的能量转化为工质可用能的比例较小。为设计出可以在宽运行工况下实现宽频降噪的消声器,高转速运行工况下低频组分声波的消声应该作为重点优化的目标,同时也要考虑低转速运行工况下消声器消声前后的热力学性能的改善。为降低离心式空压机的气动噪声提供了一种新的方法,为设计宽工况适应性的高效空压机消声器提供了理论基础。