Study of Multi-Function Micro-Plasma Spraying Technology

A multi-functional micro-arc plasma spraying system was developed according to aerodynamics and plasma spray theory. The soft switch IGBT （Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor） invert technique, micro-computer control technique, convergent-divergent nozzle structure and axial powder feeding techniques have been adopted in the design of the micro-arc plasma spraying system. It is not only characterized by a small volume, a light weight, highly accurate control, high deposition efficiency and high reliability, but also has multi-functions in plasma spraying, welding and quenching. The experimental results showed that the system can produce a supersonic flame at a low power, spray Al2O3 particles at an average speed up to 430 m/s, and make nanostructured AT13 coatings with an average bonding strength of 42.7 MPa. Compared to conventional 9M plasma spraying with a higher power, the coatings with almost the same properties as those by conventional plasma spray can be deposited by multi-functional micro-arc plasma spraying with a lower power plasma arc due to an improved power supply design, spray gun structure and powder feeding method. Moreover, this system is suitable for working with thin parts and undertaking on site repairs, and as a result, the application of plasma spraying will be greatly extended.

Experiment on inducing apoptosis of melanoma cells by micro-plasma jet

As a promising cancer treatment method,cold atmospheric plasma has received widespread attention in recent years.However,previous research has focused more on how to realize and expand the anti-cancer scope of plasma jet.There are also studies on the killing of small-scale cancer cells,but the effects of plasma jet on normal cells and normal cell clusters have been ignored.Therefore,we proposed a 50μm sized micro-plasma jet device,and used the device to treat melanoma cells(A-375)and human glial cells(HA1800)to evaluate their anti-cancer effects and effects on normal cells.The experimental results show that this kind of micro-plasma jet device can effectively inactivate cancer cells in a short period of time,while having little effect on normal cells.This work provides a certain experimental basis for the application offine plasma jet to clinically inactivate cancer cells.

Development of Spraying Devices for Interplantation in Forest

Honghuagang District,Zunyi City,Guizhou Province,develops the characteristic industry of crispy peaches,and at the same time develops the forest economy and promotes the model of planting soybeans in peach orchards to promote rural revitalization.However,due to the different pests and diseases occurring in peach trees and soybeans,the control drugs used are also different,and the existing technology for spraying and controlling peach or soybean seedlings is operated separately and cannot be sprayed together at the same time.This study,based on the actual situation of forest land,develops a spraying device for interplantation in forest(peach tree and soybean)from the aspects of technical solutions,working principles and beneficial effects,in order to solve the problem of low spraying efficiency of spraying control of peach tree or soybean seedlings in the existing technology.

Effect of Spraying Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Micro-Plasma Sprayed Alumina-Titania Coatings

Electrical property of a micro-plasma spray system with different working-gas feed- ing schemes was tested to optimize the plasma spray process. The arc voltage with an integrated gas injection mode is higher than that with radial injection or axial injection modes. Thus, an integrated gas injection mode with an excellent electrical characteristic was adopted to deposit alumina-titania coating. The microstructure, bonding strength and hardness of the plasma sprayed alumina-titania coating, as a function of the spraying parameters, e.g., plasma current, gas flow rate and gas pressure, were studied. It was shown that the spraying parameters affected remarkably on the microstructure of the coating. Different tendencies in bonding strength and hardness were also shown for different spraying parameters. At an arc current of 250 A, a gas flow rate of 20 L/min and a gas pressure of 0.5 MPa, the bonding strength and micro-hardness of the coatings reach 40.6 MPa and HV1406.1, respectively.

Assessment of Lubrication Property and Machining Performance of Nanofluid Composite Electrostatic Spraying(NCES)Using Different Types of Vegetable Oils as Base Fluids of External Fluid

The current study of minimum quantity lubrication(MQL)concentrates on its performance improvement.By contrast with nanofluid MQL and electrostatic atomization(EA),the proposed nanofluid composite electrostatic spraying(NCES)can enhance the performance of MQL more comprehensively.However,it is largely influenced by the base fluid of external fluid.In this paper,the lubrication property and machining performance of NCES with different types of vegetable oils(castor,palm,soybean,rapeseed,and LB2000 oil)as the base fluids of external fluid were compared and evaluated by friction and milling tests under different flow ratios of external and internal fluids.The spraying current and electrowetting angle were tested to analyze the influence of vegetable oil type as the base fluid of external fluid on NCES performances.The friction test results show that relative to NCES with other vegetable oils as the base fluids of external fluid,NCES with LB2000 as the base fluid of external fluid reduced the friction coefficient and wear loss by 9.4%-27.7%and 7.6%-26.5%,respectively.The milling test results display that the milling force and milling temperature for NCES with LB2000 as the base fluid of external fluid were 1.4%-13.2%and 3.6%-11.2%lower than those for NCES with other vegetable oils as the base fluids of external fluid,respectively.When LB2000/multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)water-based nanofluid was used as the external/internal fluid and the flow ratio of external and internal fluids was 2:1,NCES showed the best milling performance.This study provides theoretical and technical support for the selection of the base fluid of NCES external fluid.

Effect of steam spraying on a sintering bed on sinter quality and the emission of flue gas pollutants

The technology for spraying a sintering bed and thus improving sinter quality indicators while reducing the emission of flue gas pollutants has recently become an important research topic.The impacts on sinter quality and emissions when spraying the sintering surface with different amounts and flow rates of steam were investigated in this study.The sinter quality indicators were most effectively improved by spraying 180 g of steam flow continuously at a rate of 0.02 m^(3)/min for 15 min after ignition for 8 min.The optimal effect on emission reduction was obtained by spraying 90 g of steam flow continuously at a rate of 0.01 m^(3)/min for 15 min after ignition for 8 min.

激光复合冷喷涂技术研究进展

冷喷涂是一种基于材料高速撞击产生剧烈塑性变形实现结合的沉积方法,具备加工温度低、沉积效率高、热影响小等优势,已在增材制造、工业关键零部件的修复再制造等领域展现出巨大潜力。冷喷涂复合制造技术是一种新兴技术,其中激光复合冷喷涂是一个重要的方向,近年来得到了越来越多的关注。对激光复合冷喷涂技术研究进展进行回顾和总结,对激光预处理、激光同步复合和激光后处理3种复合方式进行重点阐释。针对每种复合方式,分别从复合原理、复合优势及复合效果3个方面进行总结,对比激光复合冷喷涂技术与单一技术在沉积层微观组织以及性能等方面的差异。通过对激光复合冷喷涂技术最新进展的全面总结和归纳,将为进一步推动激光复合冷喷涂技术的研究和应用提供指导和参考。

微米级类球形介孔材料用于乙烯聚合催化剂

采用2-(4-氯磺酰苯基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷对类球形介孔材料进行疏水处理,制备了疏水性类球形介孔材料,将其作为载体,通过气流式喷雾干燥技术制备了聚乙烯催化剂。对疏水处理前后的类球形介孔材料进行了XRD、N2吸附-脱附、TEM、SEM表征,考察了气流式喷雾干燥过程中载气流量和浆料浓度对聚乙烯催化剂的影响,并评价了催化剂的乙烯聚合性能。实验结果表明,类球形介孔材料在疏水处理后孔结构和微观结构稳定;最佳喷雾干燥条件为喷雾干燥器进、出风口温度分别为140,105℃,载气流量为30 L/s,浆料浓度为30%(w);在最佳喷雾干燥条件下制备的催化剂用于乙烯聚合时,催化活性为28000 g/g,远高于工业用TS-610硅胶制备的催化剂的活性(9000 g/g),反应得到的聚合物性能也优于TS-610硅胶制备的催化剂得到的聚乙烯粉料。

余热回收喷淋塔喷淋优化研究

针对喷淋塔内烟气偏流影响烟气与下落液滴群热质交换的问题,构建并通过试验验证了喷淋塔内气液流动及余热回收理论模型,基于液滴自调整效应,运用CFD技术模拟研究4种喷淋层布置方式下余热回收喷淋塔的性能,获得了最佳喷淋方案及其喷淋参数。结果表明:与常规单层均匀喷淋方式相比,增设半层喷淋能够有效提升塔内烟气流动均匀性,塔内烟气均匀度由1降至0.3左右,喷淋塔全热交换效率最多可提升20%;半层喷淋最佳布置位置在烟气入口中心线上3 m处;综合考虑余热回收效果和运行成本,最佳喷淋液滴直径为0.6~0.8 mm,最佳水气比为5 kg/kg。构建的喷淋塔内烟气余热回收模型与提出的喷淋优化方法可为其特性分析、工艺优化、参数设计及运行提供理论指导。

连栋温室分段变距喷雾机器人设计与试验

针对国内连栋温室缺乏植保喷雾机、机械走直定位与换轨转向精度低等问题,设计了一种连栋温室分段变距喷雾机器人,在实现无人化喷药的同时提高作业精度。为满足连栋温室机械作业路轨结合、精准切换的要求,提出一种通用型移动底盘,并确定其关键设计参数;为减少底盘上下轨时的偏移量,设计轨上矫正装置,通过分析计算及试验验证,确定其安装余量为4 mm;针对底盘对轨误差大的问题,提出一种二维码融合陀螺仪及光电传感器双向垂直寻迹的路面关键点定位与转向控制方法。设计分段变距喷雾装置,提出一种丝杆滑台驱动的喷杆变距方案,分析校验其驱动参数以满足工作要求;基于滚针轴承设计喷杆辅助防抖装置,减小因喷杆剧烈抖动带来的滑台与喷杆损伤。开发底盘运动及分段变距喷雾控制系统,实现喷雾机器人在连栋温室内的全程自动化作业。最后,对样机进行底盘性能与喷雾效果试验。底盘作业时直线行走与对轨误差平均值分别为4.8、5.8 mm,满足控制精度要求;避障距离为34 cm,满足安全性要求;防抖装置的安装使喷杆行进方向的抖动量从-1°~1.3°降低到±0.4°内,喷头方向的抖动量从±0.5°降低到±0.3°内,防抖效果显著;分段变距喷雾作业后,盛果期番茄叶片正面雾滴沉积量为1.76μL/cm^(2),反面沉积量为0.2μL/cm^(2),雾滴体积中径在100~180μm之间,满足作业要求。

红肉火龙果粉的发泡微波冷冻干燥制备与质量评价

制备浆果粉末产品是延长其货架期的有效手段。为降低干燥过程能耗和保留产品营养成分,该研究以平均含水率(87.03±1.26)%的新鲜红肉火龙果果浆为原料,采用冷冻干燥和喷雾干燥两种方法制备了火龙果粉末。以残余湿含量、色泽和典型生物活性成分甜菜红素、芦丁和总酚保留率为指标对产品质量进行了评价。用质量比为3%(w/w)的分离乳清蛋白和2.5%(w/w)的果胶为添加剂制备了未发泡和发泡2种样品,进行了传统和微波冷冻干燥试验。结果表明,使用石英底盘,在30˚C、20 Pa下,发泡样品比未发泡样品冷冻干燥时间缩短了39.06%;施加1 W微波功率时,未发泡和发泡样品微波冷冻干燥时间比无微波时分别缩短了18.75%和12.82%。用碳化硅底盘替代石英底盘,在30˚C、20 Pa和1 W下,发泡样品微波冷冻干燥时间比未发泡和发泡样品传统无微波冷冻干燥分别缩短了65.62%和43.59%。分别以5.5%(w/w)的分离乳清蛋白和15.6%(w/w)的麦芽糊精为添加剂,进行了喷雾干燥试验。工艺参数为进风温度150˚C、出风温度85˚C、进料速度28 mL/min。冷冻干燥产品的甜菜红素、芦丁和总酚保留率分别在72%、84%和75%以上,而喷雾干燥产品的保留率显著降低。该研究采用的冷冻干燥方法能够大幅缩短干燥时间、提高产品质量,为浆果类粉末产品的制备提供工业解决方案。

加热温度对工业规模CeCl_(3)喷雾焙烧反应器影响的数值模拟

CeO_(2)颗粒由于具有优异的性能,市场对CeO_(2)颗粒的需求逐年增加。为探究使用在氧化铁颗粒工业化生产的Ruthner型喷淋焙烧反应器生产CeO_(2)颗粒的可能性,结合单液滴失重试验,使用ANSYS Fluent软件,分别探究550、650、750和850℃四种不同加热温度对反应器的影响。单液滴失重试验表明,氯化铈和氯化铁、氯化亚铁的热解过程基本一致,使用该型反应器制备CeO_(2)颗粒理论上可行。对小型工业反应器进行等比例建模,研究反应器内部化学反应的具体过程。结果表明,550℃是最合适的温度,对工业生产具有一定指导意义。

单旋翼无人机植保作业系统的研制与实验研究

为了提高植保无人机的工作效率,降低无人机的操作难度,研制了单旋翼无人机植保作业系统。根据植保作业流程,单旋翼无人机植保作业系统实现启动、预热、起飞、飞行、喷洒作业、加药和返航等全过程无人工干预的自动飞行作业。单旋翼无人机植保控制系统包括作业平台、飞行控制、数据链路、地面站系统、系统应用、飞行器管理、用户信息管理、专业知识管理、大数据业务,实现了喷洒区域的精准控制,地面站系统与飞行系统的控制与交互,植保信息的存贮与分析等。通过实验研究表明:单旋翼无人机植保作业系统有效提高了植保工作效率,降低了飞行操作人员的操作难度。

喷淋作用下的深水测试放喷热辐射规律及关键参数

在深水天然气测试过程中,多相混合物会通过地面流程分离、泄压、加热后通过燃烧臂放喷燃烧,现场一般采用喷淋的方式来降低热辐射的影响。为了降低深水放喷测试作业时平台及燃烧臂的热辐射风险隐患,首先采用Thornton模型研究了火焰表面辐射能量、视角系数以及水幕透射率等参数,构建了喷淋作用下放喷火焰的热辐射通量计算模型,并结合现场燃烧放喷下的仿真模型,应用有限元软件分析了放喷喷淋影响下的火焰温度和辐射量变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)喷淋形成的水幕使靠近平台区域的温度和辐射量明显降低,放喷管道附近的辐射量由2 050 W/m^(2)减小到了1 840 W/m^(2);(2)在单个水幕的作用下,水幕吸收了一定的热辐射量,水幕温度从11.85℃上升到约26.85℃;(3)由于平台附近的空气中CO_(2)和H_(2)O含量较低,空气的热辐射吸收系数较小,温度主要受到热对流的影响,空气温度基本保持在26.85~36.15℃之间;(4)不同放喷管径和产量变化下平台附近区域的温度和辐射量变化趋势基本一致,管径减小使得辐射峰值增大。结论认为,该研究成果进一步明确了深水测试放喷不同工况下的热辐射分布,为深水地面放喷热辐射设计分析及安全控制提供了技术支撑。

基于响应曲面法的木材喷涂漆雾扩散角度与均匀度优化

【目的】探究木材喷涂喷头结构参数对喷口流速v_(2)、漆雾扩散角度γ和漆雾均匀性λ的影响,求解喷头最优结构参数,提高木材喷涂效率和喷涂效果。【方法】基于雾滴碰撞、聚集和积累理论初步探究v_(2)、γ和λ的影响因素,将优化参数设为原始喷头的7项关键内部结构参数,包括内壁倒角β、三段管道内壁长度L_(1)至L_(3)和三段管道内壁直径d_(1)至d_(3),利用Design Expert设计7因素3水平3指标的BBD响应曲面试验,探究各结构参数对v_(2)、γ和λ的影响显著性。BBD试验各组结果由3部分仿真获得,采用k-ε模型进行喷头内部流场仿真、KHRT模型进行高压平口雾化仿真。应用Image J测定漆雾扩散角度,通过Python运用“雾滴撒点法”完成对每组雾化仿真结果的均匀性标定,利用多目标优化方法求解喷头最优结构参数,并通过仿真喷涂和实机喷涂验证其喷涂效果。【结果】BBD响应曲面试验结果表明,7项关键内部结构参数对指标的影响十分复杂,但3项指标v_(2)、 γ和λ回归显著(P≤0.000 1),多目标优化下的理论最优漆雾扩散角度为21.28°、最优漆雾均匀性为3.053;最优喷头的喷涂仿真试验结果表明,优化后喷口流速v_(2)由35.8 m·s^(-1)升至107 m·s^(-1),漆雾扩散角度γ由16.74°升至21.09°(与理论相差0.883%),漆雾均匀性λ由3.62升至3.03(λ越小代表越均匀,与理论相差0.751%)。在木材喷涂实机试验中,优化前后木材喷涂试样漆厚标准差由21.71μm降至17.74μm,单面喷涂时间由6.2 s降至5.5 s,单面喷头移动行程由3 255 mm降至2 887 mm。【结论】基于“雾滴撒点法”的漆雾均匀性评判标准以及基于响应曲面法和多目标的喷头结构参数优化方法可对木材喷涂喷头优化设计提供一定参考,对提高木材喷涂漆面均匀性和木材喷涂效率具有一定效果和帮助。

外源施硒对绿竹生长、光合作用以及硒含量的影响

【目的】为提高绿竹笋的硒含量并改善其品质提供参考。【方法】结合盆栽试验和田间试验,盆栽试验以2年生绿竹盆栽苗为试验材料,田间试验以成林绿竹为试验材料,研究外源施硒对绿竹生长、光合作用和硒含量的影响。用亚硒酸钠(Na_(2)SeO_(3))配制成不同质量浓度(0、100、200、300和400 mg/L)的硒溶液,以叶面喷施方式对绿竹进行喷施处理,盆栽试验每株喷施100 mL(以叶面形成均匀水滴但不滴落为准),田间试验每个处理喷施20 L溶液(为避免不同浓度溶液的交互影响,喷施时由低浓度到高浓度喷施)。测定绿竹生长、光合色素含量以及硒含量指标,探讨不同浓度硒处理对绿竹生长及硒富集的影响。【结果】经100、200和300 mg/L质量浓度硒处理后,绿竹的株高、基径、叶长和叶宽均有不同程度的提高。不同浓度硒处理对绿竹叶片光合色素含量和抗氧化酶活性也有一定程度的影响,主要表现为低促高抑。盆栽试验和田间试验的绿竹各器官硒含量变化趋势表现一致,随着施硒浓度的增加呈线性增加趋势。盆栽试验中,绿竹各器官按照硒含量由大到小排列依次为竹叶、竹鞭、竹枝、竹秆;田间试验中,绿竹各器官按照硒含量由大到小排列依次为竹叶、竹鞭、竹枝、竹秆、竹笋;田间试验中绿竹各器官硒含量低于盆栽试验,随着施硒浓度的增加,绿竹各器官硒含量的增加速率也有所降低。【结论】叶面喷施300 mg/L的亚硒酸钠溶液处理对盆栽和田间绿竹生长、光合作用以及硒富集的效果最好。

基于UG动画仿真的喷雾机喷杆形变控制优化

在植保作业领域,为预防大田作物的病虫害,传统农业生产存在农药使用粗放、滥用问题,对农村生产、生活、生态“三生同步”工作开展造成了十分不利的影响。为进一步提高农药使用合理性,顺应绿色农业、精确农业、生态农业的发展理念,宽幅喷杆喷雾机逐渐具备了变量喷雾的技术特征。在生产实践中,耕地表面的地形、地势等不确定因素对喷杆喷雾机喷药架造成的振动、歪斜、变型等影响会明显降低喷雾覆盖精度,导致植保质量降低。为此,以我国生产常用的28m幅宽喷药架为研究对象,分析了喷药架的形变类型,利用UG软件仿真了喷药架变形后对喷雾质量的影响,并在分析动画仿真数据基础上有针对性地进行了喷药架结构优化与技术升级,且优化后的喷药架对于多种地形的适应性均得到提升。

氯化铈液滴在喷雾焙烧反应器热解过程的数值模拟研究

Ruthner型喷雾焙烧反应器具有节能、环保和副产物可回收利用等诸多优点,其已被广泛应用于回收钢铁工业酸洗液,但在CeO_(2)颗粒制备领域还没有应用。当前对实心球形CeO_(2)颗粒的需求不断扩大,使得应用Ruthner型喷雾焙烧反应器规模化生产CeO_(2)颗粒具有诱人的前景。由于焙烧反应过程难以通过试验表征,使用ANSYS Fluent仿真软件对焙烧反应过程进行仿真模拟,可直观表现出CeCl_(3)热解生成CeO_(2)颗粒的过程。本研究首先通过热重试验,验证了铁元素的氯化物和铈元素的氯化物的热解过程完全一致,只是温度不同:CeCl_(3)液滴在200℃时完全失去自由水,在500℃时完全反应;FeCl_(2)液滴在180℃完全失去自由水,在420℃时完全反应;FeCl_(3)液滴在160℃完全失去自由水,在410℃时完全反应,因此使用处理酸洗液的反应器生产CeO_(2)颗粒理论上可行。进一步,通过使用仿真软件包中的两相流、组分输运等模型,探究反应器内温度场、速度场和浓度场等分布,结果表明在反应器内部,某区域内温度越高,对应的气流、颗粒运动速度就越快。

小型岩孔喷浆机器人设计及其性能分析

为实现喷浆作业质量均匀稳定,本文针对岩孔喷浆过程中参数的影响及其控制进行研究,采用涂层建模、理论参数计算与实验验证方法,得到了喷枪参数、进给推进速度是关键影响因素结论。建立了涂层质量与喷枪参数模型和喷涂进给速度匹配方程,应用于实际喷浆机器人的设计和控制系统中。研制了小型喷浆机器人,完成了喷浆机器人的喷涂实验。实验表明:小型岩孔喷浆机器人可实现对模拟实验隧洞道的喷浆支护作业,本文设计的小型岩孔喷浆机器人能够满足使用要求。

硅片盒喷雾清洗装置设计

为减少在半导体产业中因硅片盒洁净度引起的硅片清洗质量问题,提高硅片盒清洗效率并减少化学液用量,课题组设计了一种硅片盒喷雾清洗装置。该装置采用上部喷雾、下部浸入的化学液湿法清洗方式,结合雾化理论对喷嘴结构进行了参数设计,并对化学液喷雾硅片盒清洗机的骨架、槽体和化学液喷雾装置进行建模及仿真分析。研究结果表明:该装置在保证清洗效果的前提下,可以避免因硅片盒洁净度的不足而影响硅片的表面质量,同时减少了化学液的用量和废气的排放。该设计为硅片盒清洗提供了一种更高效且经济的参考方案。