Sinking columns are one of the most hazardous geological structures in north Chine typed coal fields. To understand the sinking column formation, to judge if the columns are hazardous or not, the inner circle mechanis...Sinking columns are one of the most hazardous geological structures in north Chine typed coal fields. To understand the sinking column formation, to judge if the columns are hazardous or not, the inner circle mechanism of groundwater in forming sinking columns in the relatively isolated areas was proposed according to the investigation on formation or distribution of sinking columns in some north China typed coal fields, such as Fengfeng, Xiangtai, Huaibei, Yangquan and so on. The heat generated by magma energized groundwater circulation and developed limestone karst in the relatively isolated areas. The CaCO3 solution accelerated by geothermal abnormality, the effect of high content of CO2 on dissolution and saturation of CaCO3 were discussed. Compared the forming conditions of the sinking columns developed in other coal mining areas in north China coal field, the paper deduced that the above factors collude karst development and sinking column formation, the columns in current geothermal areas are permeable and those in high coal rank areas or in paleo abnormally geothermal areas. The paper suggested that the sinking columns in the current abnormally geothermal areas were permeable, but those in the areas with high coal rank were not on contract.展开更多
为明确内蒙古中西部地区臭氧(O_(3))污染的天气形势分型及气象要素阈值,采用斜交旋转主成分分析法(obliquely rotated Principal Components in T-mode,PCT)对2015—2021年该地区6个盟市的O_(3)污染过程进行了地面及高空环流形势分析,...为明确内蒙古中西部地区臭氧(O_(3))污染的天气形势分型及气象要素阈值,采用斜交旋转主成分分析法(obliquely rotated Principal Components in T-mode,PCT)对2015—2021年该地区6个盟市的O_(3)污染过程进行了地面及高空环流形势分析,并结合典型O_(3)污染个例,探讨了天气形势、气象要素与O_(3)污染间的关系。结果表明,内蒙古中西部地区O_(3)污染过程在500 hPa环流场中可分为3种类型:脊前西北气流型、平直西风型、高压脊型;在海平面气压场中可分为4种类型:均压场型、低压控制型、高压南部型、低压前部型。环流配置可分为5种类型:高压脊—均压场型、脊前西北气流—低压控制型、平直西风—高压南部型、脊前西北气流—低压南部型、脊前西北气流—均压场型。阿拉善、乌海地区O_(3)超标主要为平直西风—高压南部型,而其他城市多为脊前西北气流—低压控制型。这两种大气环流配置是发生O_(3)污染的主要气象条件。典型区域性O_(3)污染通常发生在特定大气环流形势下,边界层存在逆温层时,逆温强度越强,垂直扩散条件越差,不利于近地面污染物的扩散。气象要素如地面最高气温、日照时数和平均相对湿度对O_(3)污染均有影响。在干燥地区如阿拉善、乌海和巴彦淖尔,O_(3)质量浓度超标时,最高气温通常不低于30℃,日照时数不少于10 h;而相对湿润地区如鄂尔多斯、包头和呼和浩特,O_(3)质量浓度超标时,最高气温通常不低于27℃,日照时数不少于8 h。此外,当风向为西南、南、东南,风速为2.0~5.0 m·s^(-1)时,易发生O_(3)污染。展开更多
文摘Sinking columns are one of the most hazardous geological structures in north Chine typed coal fields. To understand the sinking column formation, to judge if the columns are hazardous or not, the inner circle mechanism of groundwater in forming sinking columns in the relatively isolated areas was proposed according to the investigation on formation or distribution of sinking columns in some north China typed coal fields, such as Fengfeng, Xiangtai, Huaibei, Yangquan and so on. The heat generated by magma energized groundwater circulation and developed limestone karst in the relatively isolated areas. The CaCO3 solution accelerated by geothermal abnormality, the effect of high content of CO2 on dissolution and saturation of CaCO3 were discussed. Compared the forming conditions of the sinking columns developed in other coal mining areas in north China coal field, the paper deduced that the above factors collude karst development and sinking column formation, the columns in current geothermal areas are permeable and those in high coal rank areas or in paleo abnormally geothermal areas. The paper suggested that the sinking columns in the current abnormally geothermal areas were permeable, but those in the areas with high coal rank were not on contract.
文摘为明确内蒙古中西部地区臭氧(O_(3))污染的天气形势分型及气象要素阈值,采用斜交旋转主成分分析法(obliquely rotated Principal Components in T-mode,PCT)对2015—2021年该地区6个盟市的O_(3)污染过程进行了地面及高空环流形势分析,并结合典型O_(3)污染个例,探讨了天气形势、气象要素与O_(3)污染间的关系。结果表明,内蒙古中西部地区O_(3)污染过程在500 hPa环流场中可分为3种类型:脊前西北气流型、平直西风型、高压脊型;在海平面气压场中可分为4种类型:均压场型、低压控制型、高压南部型、低压前部型。环流配置可分为5种类型:高压脊—均压场型、脊前西北气流—低压控制型、平直西风—高压南部型、脊前西北气流—低压南部型、脊前西北气流—均压场型。阿拉善、乌海地区O_(3)超标主要为平直西风—高压南部型,而其他城市多为脊前西北气流—低压控制型。这两种大气环流配置是发生O_(3)污染的主要气象条件。典型区域性O_(3)污染通常发生在特定大气环流形势下,边界层存在逆温层时,逆温强度越强,垂直扩散条件越差,不利于近地面污染物的扩散。气象要素如地面最高气温、日照时数和平均相对湿度对O_(3)污染均有影响。在干燥地区如阿拉善、乌海和巴彦淖尔,O_(3)质量浓度超标时,最高气温通常不低于30℃,日照时数不少于10 h;而相对湿润地区如鄂尔多斯、包头和呼和浩特,O_(3)质量浓度超标时,最高气温通常不低于27℃,日照时数不少于8 h。此外,当风向为西南、南、东南,风速为2.0~5.0 m·s^(-1)时,易发生O_(3)污染。
