Utilizing Iso-Value Field Curves in Lieu of Magnetic Field Lines Amid Infinite and Parallel Electrical Wires

Building on a new model proposed recently for calculating constant electro-magnetic field values, the present article explores the electro-magnetic field configuration generated by parallel electrical wires. This imposes a reevaluation of the drawing procedure for constructing field curves with a constant field values around multiple parallel electrical conducting wires. To achieve this, we employ methods akin to those used for creating contours on topographical maps, ensuring a consistent numerical field value along the entire length of the field curves. Subsequent calculations will be conducted for scenarios where wires are not parallel.

Expert Experience and Data-Driven Based Hybrid Fault Diagnosis for High-SpeedWire Rod Finishing Mills

The reliable operation of high-speed wire rod finishing mills is crucial in the steel production enterprise.As complex system-level equipment,it is difficult for high-speed wire rod finishing mills to realize fault location and real-time monitoring.To solve the above problems,an expert experience and data-driven-based hybrid fault diagnosis method for high-speed wire rod finishing mills is proposed in this paper.First,based on its mechanical structure,time and frequency domain analysis are improved in fault feature extraction.The approach of combining virtual value,peak value with kurtosis value index,is adopted in time domain analysis.Speed adjustment and side frequency analysis are proposed in frequency domain analysis to obtain accurate component characteristic frequency and its corresponding sideband.Then,according to time and frequency domain characteristics,fault location based on expert experience is proposed to get an accurate fault result.Finally,the proposed method is implemented in the equipment intelligent diagnosis system.By taking an equipment fault on site,for example,the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated in the system.

A nanoparticle formation model considering layered motion based on an electrical explosion experiment with AI wires

To study the evolution of nanoparticles during Al wire electrical explosion,a nanoparticle formation model that considered layered motion was developed,and an experimental system was set up to carry out electrical explosion experiments using 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm Al wires.The characteristic parameters and evolution process during the formation of nanoparticles were calculated and analyzed.The results show that the maximum velocities of the innermost and outermost layers are about 1200 m·s-1and 1600 m·s-1,and the velocity of the middle layer is about 1400 m·s-1,respectively.Most of the nanoparticles are formed in the temperature range of2600 K-2500 K.The characteristic temperature for the formation of Al nanoparticles is~2520K,which is also the characteristic temperature of other parameters.The size distribution range of the formed nanoparticles is 18 to 110 nm,and most of them are around 22 nm.The variation of saturated vapor pressure determines the temperature distribution range of particle nucleation.There is a minimum critical diameter of particles(~25 nm);particles smaller than the critical diameter can grow into larger particles during surface growth.Particle motion has an effect on the surface growth and aggregation process of particles,and also on the distribution area of larger-diameter particles.The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiments.We provide a method to estimate the size and distribution of nanoparticles,which is of great significance to understand the formation process of particles during the evolution of wire electrical explosion.

High formability Mg-Zn-Gd wire facilitates ACL reconstruction via its swift degradation to accelerate intra-tunnel endochondral ossification

After reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL),unsatisfactory bone tendon interface healing may often induce tunnel enlargement at the early healing stage.With good biological features and high formability,Magnesium-Zinc-Gadolinium(ZG21)wires are developed to bunch the tendon graft for matching the bone tunnel during transplantation.Microstructure,tensile strength,degradation,and cytotoxicity of ZG21 wire are evaluated.The rabbit model is used for assessing the biological effects of ZG21 wire by Micro-CT,histology,and mechanical test.The SEM/EDS,immunochemistry,and in vitro assessments are performed to investigate the underlying mechanism.Material tests demonstrate the high formability of ZG21 wire as surgical suture.Micro-CT shows ZG21 wire degradation accelerates tunnel bone formation,and histologically with earlier and more fibrocartilage regeneration at the healing interface.The mechanical test shows higher ultimate load in the ZG21 group.The SEM/EDS presents ZG21 wire degradation triggered calcium phosphate(Ca-P)deposition.IHC results demonstrate upregulation of Wnt3a,BMP2,and VEGF at the early phase and TGFβ3 and Type II collagen at the late phase of healing.In vitro tests also confirmed the Ca-P in the metal extract could elevate the expression of Wnt3a,βcatenin,ocn and opn to stimulate osteogenesis.Ex vivo tests of clinical samples indicated suturing with ZG21 wire did not weaken the ultimate loading of human tendon tissue.In conclusion,the ZG21 wire is feasible for tendon graft bunching.Its degradation products accelerated intra-tunnel endochondral ossification at the early healing stage and therefore enhanced bone-tendon interface healing in ACL reconstruction.

3D reconstruction and defect pattern recognition of bonding wire based on stereo vision

Non-destructive detection of wire bonding defects in integrated circuits(IC)is critical for ensuring product quality after packaging.Image-processing-based methods do not provide a detailed evaluation of the three-dimensional defects of the bonding wire.Therefore,a method of 3D reconstruction and pattern recognition of wire defects based on stereo vision,which can achieve non-destructive detection of bonding wire defects is proposed.The contour features of bonding wires and other electronic components in the depth image is analysed to complete the 3D reconstruction of the bonding wires.Especially to filter the noisy point cloud and obtain an accurate point cloud of the bonding wire surface,a point cloud segmentation method based on spatial surface feature detection(SFD)was proposed.SFD can extract more distinct features from the bonding wire surface during the point cloud segmentation process.Furthermore,in the defect detection process,a directional discretisation descriptor with multiple local normal vectors is designed for defect pattern recognition of bonding wires.The descriptor combines local and global features of wire and can describe the spatial variation trends and structural features of wires.The experimental results show that the method can complete the 3D reconstruction and defect pattern recognition of bonding wires,and the average accuracy of defect recognition is 96.47%,which meets the production requirements of bonding wire defect detection.

Capillary Property of Entangled Porous Metallic Wire materials and Its Application in Fluid Buffers:Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Study

Strong impact does serious harm to the military industries so it is necessary to choose reasonable cushioning material and design effective buffers to prevent the impact of equipment.Based on the capillary property entangled porous metallic wire materials(EPMWM),this paper designed a composite buffer which uses EPMWM and viscous fluid as cushioning materials under the low-speed impact of the recoil force device of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).Combined with the capillary model,porosity,hydraulic diameter,maximum pore diameter and pore distribution were used to characterize the pore structure characteristics of EPMWM.The calculation model of the damping force of the composite buffer was established.The low-speed impact test of the composite buffer was conducted.The parameters of the buffer under low-speed impact were identified according to the model,and the nonlinear model of damping force was obtained.The test results show that the composite buffer with EPMWM and viscous fluid can absorb the impact energy from the recoil movement effectively,and provide a new method for the buffer design of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).

Mechanical property of cylindrical sandwich shell with gradient core of entangled wire mesh

To explore the wide-frequency damping and vibration-attenuation performances in the application of aerospace components,the cylindrical sandwich shell structure with a gradient core of entangled wire mesh was proposed in this paper.Firstly,the gradient cores of entangled wire mesh in the axial and radial directions were prepared by using an in-house Numerical Control weaving machine,and the metallurgical connection between skin sheets and the gradient core was performed using vacuum brazing.Secondly,to investigate the mechanical properties of cylindrical sandwich shells with axial or radial gradient cores,quasi-static and dynamic mechanical experiments were carried out.The primary evaluations of mechanical properties include secant stiffness,natural frequency,Specific Energy Absorption(SEA),vibration acceleration level,and so on.The results suggest that the vibration-attenuation performance of the sandwich shell is remarkable when the high-density core layer is at the end of the shell or abuts the inner skin.The axial gradient material has almost no influence on the vibration frequencies of the shell,whereas the vibration frequencies increase dramatically when the high-density core layer approaches the skin.Moreover,compared to the conventional sandwich shells,the proposed functional grading cylindrical sandwich shell exhibits more potential in mass reduction,stiffness designing,and energy dissipation.

Mass transfer enhancement and hydrodynamic performance with wire mesh coupling solid particles in bubble column reactor

It is of vital significance to investigate mass transfer enhancements for chemical engineering processes.This work focuses on investigating the coupling influence of embedding wire mesh and adding solid particles on bubble motion and gas-liquid mass transfer process in a bubble column.Particle image velocimetry(PIV)technology was employed to analyze the flow field and bubble motion behavior,and dynamic oxygen absorption technology was used to measure the gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient(kLa).The effect of embedding wire mesh,adding solid particles,and wire mesh coupling solid particles on the flow characteristic and kLa were analyzed and compared.The results show that the gas-liquid interface area increases by 33%-72%when using the wire mesh coupling solid particles strategy compared to the gas-liquid two-phase flow,which is superior to the other two strengthening methods.Compared with the system without reinforcement,kLa in the bubble column increased by 0.5-1.8 times with wire mesh coupling solid particles method,which is higher than the sum of kLa increases with inserting wire mesh and adding particles,and the coupling reinforcement mechanism for affecting gas-liquid mass transfer process was discussed to provide a new idea for enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer.

Enhancing fatigue performance of AZ31 magnesium alloy components fabricated by cold metal transfer-based wire arc directed energy deposition through LPB

Cold Metal Transfer-Based Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition(CMT-WA-DED)presents a promising avenue for the rapid fabrication of components crucial to automotive,shipbuilding,and aerospace industries.However,the susceptibility to fatigue of CMT-WA-DED-produced AZ31 Mg alloy components has impeded their widespread adoption for critical load-bearing applications.In this study,a comprehensive investigation into the fatigue behaviour of WA-DED-fabricated AZ31 Mg alloy has been carried out and compared to commercially available wrought AZ31 alloy.Our findings indicate that the as-deposited parts exhibit a lower fatigue life than wrought Mg alloy,primarily due to poor surface finish,tensile residual stress,porosity,and coarse grain microstructure inherent in the WA-DED process.Low Plasticity Burnishing(LPB)treatment is applied to mitigate these issues,which induce significant plastic deformation on the surface.This treatment resulted in a remarkable improvement of fatigue life by 42%,accompanied by a reduction in surface roughness,grain refinement and enhancement of compressive residual stress levels.Furthermore,during cyclic deformation,WA-DED specimens exhibited higher plasticity and dislocation density compared to both wrought and WA-DED+LPB specimens.A higher fraction of Low Angle Grain Boundaries(LAGBs)in WA-DED specimens contributed to multiple crack initiation sites and convoluted crack paths,ultimately leading to premature failure.In contrast,wrought and WA-DED+LPB specimens displayed a higher percentage of High Angle Grain Boundaries(HAGBs),which hindered dislocation movement and resulted in fewer crack initiation sites and less complex crack paths,thereby extending fatigue life.These findings underscore the effectiveness of LPB as a post-processing technique to enhance the fatigue performance of WA-DED-fabricated AZ31 Mg alloy components.Our study highlights the importance of LPB surface treatment on AZ31 Mg components produced by CMT-WA-DED to remove surface defects,enabling their widespread use in load-bearing applications.

Design and Application of a Novel Wire Stripper

With the rapid development of the power industry,the work of the power electrician is becoming increasingly heavy,and the demand for improving work efficiency and reducing work intensity is becoming increasingly prominent.As one of the common tools of electric power,the design and application of wire stripper has an important influence on the efficiency and safety of electric power.This paper briefly analyzes the design and application of ceramic wire for electric power and electricians to provide a reference for the development of related fields.

CT引导下Hook-wire定位辅助胸腔镜手术对早期肺癌患者的疗效分析

目的探讨CT引导下Hook-wire定位辅助胸腔镜手术对早期肺癌患者的疗效。方法选取92例早期肺癌患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,各46例。对照组行常规胸腔镜手术治疗,观察组行CT引导下Hook-wire定位辅助胸腔镜手术治疗。比较两组手术情况、创伤应激指标、肿瘤标志物水平及并发症。结果观察组手术时间、术后引流时间及住院时间为(138.52±10.52)min、(3.12±0.45)d、(10.35±1.25)d,短于对照组,术中出血量为(105.41±12.36)ml,少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平分别为(118.52±8.36)ng/ml、(185.93±14.52)ng/L、(32.41±4.25)mg/L,低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、糖类抗原125(CA125)水平为(8.96±1.15)ng/ml、(3.88±0.42)ng/ml、(12.63±1.54)U/ml,低于对照组,并发症少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CT引导下Hook-wire定位辅助胸腔镜手术治疗早期肺癌效果更佳,可减轻手术创伤,降低创伤应激反应,加快肿瘤标志物复常,减少并发症发生。

定位丝与Hook-wire在肺小结节胸腔镜术前定位中的应用比较

目的:比较定位丝与Hook-wire两种定位技术在肺小结节患者胸腔镜术前定位中的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾并分析119例胸腔镜术前计算机体层成像(computed tomography,CT)引导下经皮穿刺定位的肺小结节患者的临床资料,根据不同定位方法分为定位丝组(50例)和Hook-wire组(69例),比较两组间的结节位置、结节直径、结节至胸膜的距离、定位时间、定位成功率及并发症发生率的差异,对定位后并发症的相关因素进行logistic回归分析。结果:两组间的结节位置、结节直径、结节至胸膜的距离差异无统计学意义。定位丝组与Hook-wire组定位时间相近[16(14,19)min vs 16(14,18.5)min,t=-0.416,P=0.677]。定位丝组与Hook-wire组定位成功率相近(98.0%vs 94.2%,χ^(2)=1.038,P=0.397)。定位丝组总体并发症发生率低于Hook-wire组(16.0%vs 47.8%,χ^(2)=13.003,P<0.001),亚组分析中定位丝组的气胸(12.0%vs 27.5%,χ^(2)=4.217,P=0.044)、肺出血(4.0%vs 18.8%,χ^(2)=5.796,P=0.016)、局部疼痛(0.0%vs 8.7%,χ^(2)=4.579,P<0.001)的发生率均低于Hook-wire组。Logistic回归分析结果显示,不同的定位方法是本研究中肺小结节患者胸腔镜术前定位后是否有并发症的独立危险因素(OR=0.208,95%CI 0.085~0.507,P<0.001)。结论:定位丝法定位时间、定位成功率与Hook-wire法相近,但定位丝法较Hook-wire法并发症少,值得推广。

基于改进的Hessian和Live-wire算法的岩石节理裂隙检测

在图像处理中,由于岩石节理裂隙是最复杂的线状目标之一,针对该对象的检测算法的研究一直是一个难题。故此,研究了一种新的跟踪裂隙边缘线的算法。首先,若图像尺寸太大,进行有选择的图像缩小,然后采用基于Geodesic Shadow Removal的算法进行图像平滑,再用一种基于Hessian矩阵算法增强模糊及微细节理裂隙;用一种基于Live-wire Contour思想的节理裂隙边缘线特征点提取的算法进行边缘特征点提取;最后基于特征点之间的距离及相应线段夹角来连接特征点以形成完整的线段。选择了200幅图像进行实验,通过与十多种传统和新近的算法相比,新算法能够在复杂的岩石节理裂隙图像中,准确快速地提取节理裂隙边缘线,为在该领域引进深度学习等方法奠定基础。

Wiedemann effect of Fe-Ga based magnetostrictive wires

（Fes3Ga17）98Cr2 wires each with a diameter of 0.7 mm are prepared by hot swaging and warm drawing from the casting rods directly, because the ductility of Fes3Ga17alloy is improved by adding Cr element. The Wiedemann twists and dependences on magnetostrictions of Fe83Ga17 and （Fe83Ga17）98Cr2 wires are investigated. The largest observed Wiedemann twists of 245 s.cm-1 and 182 s.cm-1 are detected in the annealed Fes3Ga17 and （Fe83Ga17）98Cr2 wires, respectively. The magnetostrictions of the annealed Fes3Ga17 and （Fes3Ga17）98Cr2 wires are 160 ppm and 107 ppm, respectively. The maximum of the Wiedemann twist increases with magnetostriction increasing. However the magnetostriction is just one important factor that affects the Wiedemann effect of alloy wire, and the relationship between magnetostriction and Wiedemann effect is a complex function rather than a simple function.

CT引导下Hook-wire穿刺定位在肺部小结节胸腔镜手术中的应用效果

目的研究术前CT引导下肺部小结节Hook-wire穿刺定位在基层医院运用中的可行性、安全性。方法回顾性分析2021年1月1日至2022年12月31日在我院因肺部小结行术前CT引导穿刺定位行手术的患者,共计70例。对所有患者均实施CT引导下Hook-wire穿刺定位开展胸腔镜手术,对患者的手术穿刺情况、手术方式及相关手术指标变化情况进行观察与记录。结果70例患者中,69例术前定位在小结节附近2 cm内,1例因穿刺针从叶裂经过而出现偏差,70例穿刺定位均未穿刺入小结节内,部位穿刺深度(5 mm~2 cm),穿刺时间(4~8 min),气胸(7例),血胸(2例),穿刺部位略感胀痛;手术方式(胸腔镜下肺楔形切除48例,胸腔镜下肺段切除15例,胸腔镜下肺叶切除术7例),术中发现定位针均位于肺组织中未发现脱落,牵引线未发现断裂,术后病理(原位癌15例,微浸润腺癌42例,浸润腺癌13例),术后随访中穿刺部位无疼痛等不适。结论术前CT引导Hook-wire穿刺定位技术在基层医院胸腔镜手术中的运用安全、有效,完全满足基层医院胸外科医师开展肺部小结节的手术要求,对定位精度要求相对低、并发症少、患者疼痛轻、定位时间短、费用低,适合在基层医院中开展。

Design and Modeling on Stranded Wires Helical Springs

A stranded wires helical spring is formed of a multilayer and coaxial strand of several wires twisted together with the same direction of spiral. Compared with the conventional single wire spring, the stranded wires helical spring has the notable predominance in strength, damping and vibration reduction, which is usually used in aircraft engines, automatic weapons, etc. However, due to its complicated structure, the precise computation of its strength and rigidity need be a correct mathematical model, which then will be imported to finite element analysis software for solutions. Equations on solving geometric parameters, such as external diameters of strands and screw pitches of wires, are put forward in the paper. It also proposes a novel methodology on solving geometric parameters and establishing entity models of the stranded wires helical spring, which provides foundation of computing mechanical parameters by FEA. Then mathematical models on the centre line of the strand and the surface curve of each wire, after closing two ends in a spring, are proposed. Finally, geometric parameters are solved in a case study, and a 3D entity model of a spring with 3 layers and 16 wires is established, which has validated the accuracy of the proposed methodology and the 3D entity mathematical model. The method provides a new way to design stranded wire helical spring.

Sawing Performance Comparison of Brazed and Sintered Diamond Wires

Great attention has been paid on fabricating diamond wire by using the brazing diamond because of its strong chemical bonding strength and controllability of grits distribution. Although several serving performances of brazed diamond wire have been reported, seldom do these studies refer to its process characteristics. Sawing performances of a brazed diamond wire are investigated and compared with those of a sintered diamond wire on a wire saw machine. The surface topographies of beads selected from the two wires are micro observed before sawing. The sawing tests are carried out in constant feed rate feeding（CFF） and constant normal force feeding（CNFF）. In CFF test, sawing force, power, and the cut depths of positions on contact curve are measured. Then, coupled with the observations of beads topographies, sawing force and its ratio, relations of power against material removal rate, and contact curve linearity are compared and discussed. In CNFF test, the sawing rates of the two wires are investigated. The results indicate that the brazed wire performs with lower sawing force（less 16% of tangential force and 28% of normal force）, more energy efficiency（nearly one-fifth of sawing power is saved）, at a higher sawing rate （the rate is doubled） and with better contact curve linearity as compared with the sintered wire. This proposed research experimentally evaluates the sawing performances of brazed diamond wire from the aspect of process parameters, which can provide a basis for popularizing the brazed diamond wire.

Mathematical model for the thermal process of controlled cooling of wires and its numerical simulation

The mathematical model for the thermal process of billets rolling has beenestablished, including transporting in air and temperature-holding cover, descaling withhigh-pressure water, and the process of rolling and cooling in water box. The calculated data by themodel have been compared with the measured data and the results show that the model is right andcreditable. Based on the model, the main thermal characters of rolling line have been simulated andthe influence of all the parameters on the temperature of rolling has been analyzed.

EFFECT OF La_2O_3 ON THE RECRYSTALLIZATION OF MOLYBDENUM WIRES

The recrystallization behavior of Mo wires doped with various contents of La2O3,which were prepared by powder metallurgy method,was investigated using TEM and SEM in detail.It is shown that the recrystallization temperature and recrystallized microstructure of Mo-La2O3 wires are strongly dependent on the La2O3 contents.An interlocked large grain structure is formed in Mo-La2O3 wires with contents of 0.2-0.4 wt% La2O3,on the other hand,Mo─La2O3 wires containing less than 0.1 or more than 0.8 wt% La2O3 show equiaxed grain structure.The reason for this is the difference between the longitudinal interparticle spacing and the transverse spacing of La2O3 particles in various Mo-La2O3 wires,which was observed by using TEM.

Tensile properties of tungsten-rhenium wires with nanofibrous structure

In this study, the mechanical properties of tungsten-rhenium wires with nanofibrous microstructure were investigated at both room temperature(RT) and 800?C. The strengthening mechanism associated to the nanofibrous microstructure was discussed. The results showed that the tungsten-rhenium wires with nanofibrous grains exhibited a very high tensile strength reaching values of 3.5 GPa and 4.4 GPa for the coarse(grains diameter of 240 nm) and fine(grains diameter of 80 nm) wires, respectively. With increasing the temperature from RT to 800?C, the tensile strength decreased slightly but still held high values(1.8 GPa and 3.8 GPa). All the fracture surfaces exhibited apparent necking and characteristics of spear-edge shaped fracture surface, indicating excellent ductility of the wires. A model of the strengthening mechanism of these tungsten-rhenium wires was proposed.