Three-year results of small incision lenticule extraction and wavefront-guided femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis for correction of high myopia and myopic astigmatism

AIM： To compare and calculate the 3-year refractive results, higher-order aberrations （HOAs）, contrast sensitivity （CS） and dry eye parameters after small incision lenticule extraction （SMILE） and wavefront-guided femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis （FS-LASIK） for correction of high myopia and myopic astigmatism. METHODS： In this prospective, non-randomized comparative study, 78 eyes with spherical equivalent （SE） of -8.11±1.09 diopters （D） received a SMILE surgery, and 65 eyes with SE of -8.05±1.12 D received a wavefront-guided FS-LASIK surgery with the VisuMax femtosecond laser （Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany） for flap cutting. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, CS, HOAs, ocular surface disease index （OSDI） and tear break-up time （TBUT） were evaluated during a 3-year follow-up. RESULTS： The difference of uncorrected distance visual acuity （UDVA） postoperatively was achieved at lmo and at 3mo, whereas the difference of the mean UDVA between two groups at 3y were not statistically significant （t=-1.59, P=-0.13）. The postoperative change of SE was 0.89 D in the FS-LASIK group （t=5.76, P=0.00）, and 0.14 D in the SMILE group （t=-0.54, P=0.59） from lmo to 3y after surgery. At 3-year postoperatively, both HOAs and spherical aberrations in the SMILE group were obviously less than those in the FS-LASIK group （P=0.00）, but the coma root mean square （RMS） was higher in the SMILE group （0.59±0.26） than in the FS-LASIK group （0.29±0.14, P=0.00）. The mesopic CS values between two groups were not statistically significant at 3y postoperatively. Compared with the FS-LASIK group, lower OSDI scores and longer TBUT values were found in the SMILE group at Imo and 3mo postoperatively. With regard to safety, no eye lost any line of CDVA in both groups at 3y after surgery. CONCLUSION： Both SMILE and wavefront-guided FS- LASIK procedures provide good visual outcomes. Both procedures are effective and safe, but SMILE surgery achieve more stable long-term refractive outcome and better control of early postoperative dry eye as compared to FS-LASIK.

Comparison of optical quality after implantable collamer lens implantation and wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis

AIM： To compare the optical quality after implantation of implantable collamer lens（ICL） and wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis（WG-LASIK）.METHODS： The study included 40 eyes of 22 patients with myopia who accepted ICL implantation and 40 eyes of 20 patients with myopia who received WG-LASIK. Before surgery and three months after surgery, the objective scattering index（OSI）, the values of modulation transfer function（MTF） cutoff frequency, Strehl ratio, and the Optical Quality Analysis System（OQAS） values（OVs） were accessed. The higher order aberrations（HOAs） data including coma, trefoil, spherical, 2^（nd） astigmatism and tetrafoil were also obtained. For patients with pupil size 〈6 mm, HOAs data were analyzed for 4 mm-pupil diameter. For patients with pupil size ≥6 mm, HOAs data were calculated for 6 mm-pupil diameter. Visual acuity, refraction, pupil size and intraocular pressures were also recorded.RESULTS： In both ICL and WG-LASIK group, significant improvements in visual acuities were found postoperatively, with a significant reduction in spherical equivalent（P〈 0.001）. After the ICL implantation, the OSI decreasedslightly from 2.34±1.92 to 2.24±1.18 with no statistical significance（P=0.62）. While in WG-LASIK group, the OSI significantly increased from 0.68±0.43 preoperatively to 0.91±0.53 postoperatively（Wilcoxon signed ranks test, P=0.000）. None of the mean MTF cutoff frequency, Strehl ratio, OVs showed statistically significant changes in both ICL and WG-LASIK groups. In the ICL group, there were no statistical differences in the total HOAs for either 4 mmpupil or 6 mm-pupil. In the WG-LASIK group, the HOA parameters increased significantly at 4 mm-pupil. The total ocular HOAs, coma, spherical and 2^（nd） astigmatism were 0.12±0.06, 0.06±0.03, 0.00±0.03, 0.02±0.01, respectively. After the operation, these values were increased into 0.16±0.07, 0.08±0.05,-0.04±0.04, 0.03±0.01 respectively（Wilcoxon signed ranks test, all P〈0.05）. At 6 mm-pupil, the induction of total HOAs was not statistically significant in the WG-LASIK group. CONCLUSION： ICL implantation has a less disturbance to optical quality than WG-LASIK. The OQAS is a valuable complementary measurement to the wavefront aberrometers in evaluating the optical quality.

Characterization of relativistic electrons generated by a cone guiding laser pulse

We demonstrated the interaction of a gold cone target with a femto second（fs） laser pulse above the relativistic intensity of 1.37×10 18 μm 2 W/cm 2.Relativistic electrons with energy above 2 MeV were observed.A 25%-40% increase of the electron temperature is achieved compared to the case when a plane gold target is used.The electron temperature increase results from the guiding of the laser beam at the tip and the intense quasistatic magnetic field in the cone geometry.The behavior of the relativistic electrons is verified in our 2D-PIC simulations.

The single-longitudinal-mode operation of a ridge waveguide laser based on two-dimensional photonic crystals

An electrically driven, single-longitudinal-mode GaAs based photonic crystal （PC） ridge waveguide （RWG） laser emitting at around 850 nm is demonstrated. The single-longitudinal-mode lasing characteristic is achieved by introducing the PC to the RWG laser. The triangle PC is etched on both sides of the ridge by photolithography and inductive coupled plasma （ICP） etching. The lasing spectra of the RWG lasers with and without the PC are studied, and the result shows that the PC purifies the longitudinal mode. The power per facet versus current and current-voltage characteristics have also been studied and compared.

Configuration optimization of laser guide stars and wavefront correctors for multi-conjugation adaptive optics

Multi-conjugation adaptive optics（MCAOs） have been investigated and used in the large aperture optical telescopes for high-resolution imaging with large field of view（FOV）.The atmospheric tomographic phase reconstruction and projection of three-dimensional turbulence volume onto wavefront correctors,such as deformable mirrors（DMs） or liquid crystal wavefront correctors（LCWCs）,is a very important step in the data processing of an MCAO＇s controller.In this paper,a method according to the wavefront reconstruction performance of MCAO is presented to evaluate the optimized configuration of multi laser guide stars（LGSs） and the reasonable conjugation heights of LCWCs.Analytical formulations are derived for the different configurations and are used to generate optimized parameters for MCAO.Several examples are given to demonstrate our LGSs configuration optimization method.Compared with traditional methods,our method has minimum wavefront tomographic error,which will be helpful to get higher imaging resolution at large FOV in MCAO.

Analysis of the far spatial coherent suppressed single peak field distribution of a rectangular wave-guide laser

A theory of the far spatial coherent-suppressed single-peak field distribution of a rectangular wave-guide CO2 laser is presented. The theoretical analysis shows that a rectangular wave-guide laser can have an output intensity distribution in far field similar to that produced from a wave-guide array laser, which is in agreement with the experimental result. A single-peak mode output is obtained within 5 metres. The experimental far-field spread angle in the bigger-Fresnel number direction is 0.63 mrad, compared to the calculated one, 0.6 mrad, and when the length of the laser resonator is changed, a double-peak or multi-peak in far-field distribution of the laser is obtained.

Triggering and guiding of high voltage discharge by using femtosecond laser filaments with different parameters

This paper demonstrates the triggering and guiding of the stationary high voltage （HV） discharges at 5-40kV by using plasma filaments generated by femtosecond laser pulses in air. A significant reduction of the breakdown voltage threshold due to the pre-ionization of the air gap by laser filamentation is observed. The discharge experiments are performed by using laser pulses with different energy from 15-60 mJ. The electron density of filaments is detected by sonography method. The influence of the electron density of laser filaments on the triggering and guiding HV discharge is experimentally investigated. The results have shown that the behaviour of plasma filaments can strongly affect the efficiency of triggering and guiding HV discharge.

Three-dimensional simulation of long-wavelength free-electron lasers with helical wiggler and ion-channel guiding

A three-dimensional simulation of a steady-state amplifier model of a long-wavelength free-electron laser （FEL） with realizable helical wiggler and ion-channel guiding is presented. The set of coupled nonlinear differential equations for electron orbits and fields of TE 11 mode in a cylindrical waveguide are solved numerically by the Runge–Kutta algorithm with averages calculated by the Gaussian quadrature technique. Self-fields and space-charge effects are neglected, and the electron beam is assumed to be cold and slippage is ignored. The parameters correspond to the Compton regime. Evolution of the radiation power and growth rate along the wiggler is studied. Ion-channel density is chosen to obtain optimum efficiency. Simulations are preformed for the FEL operating in the neighborhood of 35 GHz and 16.5 GHz for the electron beam energies of 250 keV and 400 keV, respectively. The result of the saturated efficiency was found to be in good agreement with the simple estimation based on the phase-trapping model.

Laser guiding of cold molecules in a hollow optical fiber and continuous-wave cold molecular beam generation

A novel scheme for guiding arbitrary buffer-gas cooled neutral molecules in a hollow optical fiber （HOF） using a red-detuned HEll mode is proposed and analysed theoretically. We give the electromagnetic field distribution of the HEll mode in the HOF and calculate the optical potential of an 12 molecule, and study the molecule guiding mechanism using a classical Monte Carlo simulation. Using a 6 kW input laser, an S-shape HOF with a 2 cm curvature radius for both bends, and an input molecular beam with a transverse temperature of 0.5 K and longitudinal temperature of 5 K, we obtain a guiding efficiency of -0.126% for the scheme, and the transverse and longitudinal temperatures of the guided molecular beam are 1.9 mK and 0.5 K, respectively.

Development and Demonstration of Australian First Working Sodium Guide Star Laser

The Australian first working sodium guide star laser system has been designed and developed for various astronomical and space-related applications. A completely diode-pumped pulsed system was developed initially followed by a largely fiber-based continuous wave (CW) system operating at 589 nm achieved through a unique wavelength conversion scheme by combining 1342 and 1050 nm through a sum frequency generation process. For the CW system, single-mode laser beams at both 1342 and 1050 nm are achieved from fiber-based seed oscillators and fiber amplifiers. The output power of ~25 W at 1342 nm is achieved from a single frequency fiber Raman amplifier. Output power up to 70 W at 1050 nm is achieved from a Yb-doped fiber pre-amplifier followed by a Yb-doped fiber power amplifier. For the sum frequency generation process, optimum focusing parameters are evaluated and determined. The CW system has generated more than 20 W output power at 589 nm, a circularly polarised beam with a good beam quality, spectral linewidth ≤ 2 MHz, and the laser output locked on the sodium D2 line at 589.159 nm. The system has been successfully demonstrated at EOS Space Research Centre, Mt Stromlo, Canberra, and become the Australian first working sodium guide star laser system.

A high precision phase reconstruction algorithm for multi-laser guide stars adaptive optics

Adaptive optics（AO） systems are widespread and considered as an essential part of any large aperture telescope for obtaining a high resolution imaging at present.To enlarge the imaging field of view（FOV）,multi-laser guide stars（LGSs） are currently being investigated and used for the large aperture optical telescopes.LGS measurement is necessary and pivotal to obtain the cumulative phase distortion along a target in the multi-LGSs AO system.We propose a high precision phase reconstruction algorithm to estimate the phase for a target with an uncertain turbulence profile based on the interpolation.By comparing with the conventional average method,the proposed method reduces the root mean square（RMS） error from 130 nm to 85 nm with a 30% reduction for narrow FOV.We confirm that such phase reconstruction algorithm is validated for both narrow field AO and wide field AO.

气管内超声引导纵隔肿瘤激光多点消融操作流程

由于纵隔解剖位置复杂,重要脏器较多,纵隔肿瘤的治疗一直是临床难点。相比传统局部治疗,气道内超声引导纵隔肿瘤激光多点消融具有较多优势,包括消融范围及效果可实时监控、避免损伤正常组织、不良反应少、耐受性好等。该文阐述了气管内超声引导纵隔肿瘤激光多点消融的操作流程。

空化现象对水导激光微水束稳定性的影响研究

为了探寻空化现象对水导激光微水束稳定性影响,利用计算流体动力学的方法,分别在不考虑空化和考虑空化的情况下,对从典型喷嘴出射的水射流进行了数值模拟分析,研究了空化现象的产生机理及对微水束稳定性的影响。结果表明,在入口直径为0.1 mm、圆柱段长径比为1、上边缘锐利的喷嘴结构下,随着入口压力从0.2 MPa增大到16 MPa,水射流与喷嘴壁面分离后再次附着的长度逐渐增大,并且空化会导致该长度延长;在入口压力小于6 MPa的情况下,不考虑空化的水射流在稳定后会贴着喷嘴壁面流下,而添加空化模型使得水束形成翻转流。该研究对设计满足水导激光工艺的喷嘴结构有着重要的参考价值。

盖革APD激光雷达高空间分辨率三维重构方法研究

盖革模式阵列APD激光雷达由于像元数的限制导致重构的三维距离像分辨率低,严重限制了对场景信息的感知识别能力。为此,提出一种基于改进图像引导的盖革模式阵列APD激光雷达超分辨三维图像重构算法。主要研究基于配准后的盖革APD低分辨距离图像、增强电荷耦合器件(ICCD)相机高分辨强度图像和马尔科夫随机场模型,建立具有距离保真项和正则化项约束的全局能量函数,最终对优化模型的最优化求解实现高分辨强度图像对低分辨距离图像的超分辨引导重构。实验结果表明,相较于现有算法,文中算法在提升重构三维图像分辨率的同时,也使图像的边缘更加锐利。该研究对于盖革模式阵列APD激光雷达的目标探测、识别和跟踪具有重要意义。

SMILE和WG-FS-LASIK治疗低度无散光近视患者术后早期视觉质量比较

目的比较飞秒激光小切口角膜基质内透镜取出术(SMILE)和波前像差引导的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(WG-FS-LASIK)治疗低度无散光近视患者术后的早期视觉质量。方法选择2022年3月至6月在广西壮族自治区人民医院视光中心行SMILE治疗的患者15例(30眼,SMILE组),行WG-FS-LASIK治疗的患者15例(30眼,WG-FS-LASIK组)。所有患者术前无散光且最佳矫正视力所需最低球镜度数均≤-3.00 D。于术前和术后1 d、1周、1个月测量视力、全眼像差(慧差、三叶草像差和球差)、客观散射指数(OSI)、调制传递函数截止频率(MTF_(cut-off))、斯特列尔比(SR)、可预测对比度视力(PVA)(包括PVA 100%、PVA 20%、PVA 9%)。比较两组观察指标测量结果。结果两组术后等效球镜、视力情况均较术前显著改善(P<0.05),但两组各时间点比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后OSI、SR、PVA 9%均较术前显著改善(P<0.05)。WG-FS-LASIK组在术后1 d、1周、1个月的OSI水平均显著低于SMILE组(P<0.05)。在术后1个月,WG-FS-LASIK组PVA 9%显著高于SMILE组(P<0.05)。SMILE组和WG-FS-LASIK组术后慧差均呈先上升后下降的趋势,但WG-FS-LASIK组变化幅度更小,在术后1 d、1周、1个月,WG-FS-LASIK组慧差小于SMILE组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论SMILE和WG-FS-LASIK均能提高低度无散光近视患者术后早期视觉质量,但WG-FS-LASIK早期视力恢复更好,且夜间视觉质量改善更优。

空调冷凝器管道激光超声导波跨能量层级映射迁移检测方法

空调冷凝器是空调设备的关键部件,其弯管连接部位由于损伤类型多和几何形状复杂等原因造成传统接触式损伤检测手段难以应用,本文提出一种基于能量映射迁移网络的非接触式激光超声导波无损检测方法。首先,通过小波分解提取烧蚀信号和热弹信号的概貌波形,设计自编码能量映射函数将热弹信号特征空间映射到烧蚀信号特征空间,获得更接近烧蚀信号特征的映射热弹信号。其次,通过能量映射迁移网络对齐映射热弹信号和烧蚀信号特征空间,将网络模型中的域转换误差和样本标签误差之和用作特征空间对齐误差值。最后,对空调冷凝器泄漏、分层和裂纹等损伤进行检测实验验证所提新方法性能,结果表明其损伤识别精度为93.09%,比传统激光热弹激励检测方法提高了7.23%。

水导激光烧蚀碳化硅仿真与实验研究

目的探究碳化硅水导激光加工烧蚀机理。方法采用实验与仿真相结合的方式对碳化硅烧蚀过程进行研究分析。结果水射流持续冷却作用极大地降低了碳化硅加工过程中的热累积效应,通过烧蚀阈值计算方法得到了多脉冲水导激光烧蚀碳化硅功率阈值(约为0.1565 W),烧蚀阈值基本不随脉冲数的改变而发生波动。通过对碳化硅刻蚀形貌进行分析发现,烧蚀宽度随着脉冲数整体在3.1~4.1μm之间波动,基本不受脉冲数的影响,烧蚀深度随着脉冲数的增加而增大,但随着烧蚀深度的增加,水导激光烧蚀能力逐渐被削弱,适当增加激光功率可以抑制水导激光烧蚀能力减弱的趋势,通过较大的激光功率更易加工出深宽比较大的沟槽。确定了碳化硅烧蚀功率与烧蚀直径之间的等量关系,通过激光功率能够合理预测烧蚀宽度,经与实验结果进行对比发现较符合,这也间接说明脉冲数对于水导激光烧蚀直径不是主要影响因素。碳化硅水导激光刻蚀截面呈现倒梯形,由于水射流冲刷作用的存在,重凝物质无法富集在材料表面,使得SiC烧蚀表面与未烧蚀区域之间过渡较为平滑,沟槽侧壁带状条纹特征也证实了水射流冲刷作用的存在。结论水射流冷却及冲刷作用的存在,使得水导激光在加工硬脆性材料具有独特的优势,能够实现对硬脆性材料的无裂纹及无热影响区加工。

考虑云团衰减作用的激光制导炮弹弹道规划

针对多云天气条件下,云团对激光信号产生较大衰减作用从而影响末制导性能这一问题,提出一种考虑云团对激光衰减作用的滑翔增程激光制导炮弹弹道规划方法。经过合理假设建立云团近似模型,在此基础上设计云团规避—控制能量最优复合规避目标函数(Compound Evasion Objective Function,CEOF)。根据激光导引头工作特性和制导炮弹的飞行特性建立弹道规划模型,采用Radau伪谱法将弹道规划问题转化为非线性规划问题(Non-linear Programming,NLP)。调用NLP求解器SNOPT求解。选取多组云团算例进行仿真分析,仿真结果验证所提弹道规划方法的有效性。研究结果表明,与传统弹道规划方法进行仿真对比,新的弹道规划方法以增加较少动能损耗、控制能量消耗和攻击时长为代价,大幅减少了云团对激光的衰减作用,验证了其优越性。

基于机器学习的K424合金刻蚀深度预测

为探究水导激光加工过程中不同工艺参数对K424高温合金刻蚀深度的作用,对K424高温合金进行了包括激光功率、进给速度及加工次数在内的三个关键工艺参数的影响刻蚀实验,实验结果表明:较大的功率、较小的进给速度和多次加工会产生更深的刻蚀。此外采用XGBoost、RF、BPNN以及SVR四种模型建立了激光功率、进给速度和加工次数与加工深度之间的预测模型。在拟合效果上XGBoost与SVR模型表现优异,最大误差百分比均不到0.3%;在预测结果方面显示,XGBoost最大误差百分比6.698%,优于另三种模型。最后得出XGBoost模型在拟合和预测K424高温合金加工深度方面有更好的性能。与传统的干式激光加工相比,水导激光加工技术减少了材料热损伤,提高了加工质量。该研究为水导激光加工K424高温合金提供了参考。