Screening of One Microbial Flocculant for Treatment of Methyl Orange Wastewater and its Decolorization Effect

[Objective] To screen out a microbial flocculant with good decolorization effect on methyl orange wastewater,and study the effect of different cultural conditions on decolorization effect of methyl orange.[Method] Absorbance of methyl orange solution before and after decolorization was determined by spectrophotometer,and the decolorization rate was calculated to compare the effects of different cultural conditions on removal rate of methyl orange.[Result]An optimal actinomycete stain（F-1-2） was screened out,and the best cultural condition was as follows：with sucrose as carbon source and NaNO3 as nitrogen source,cultured in constant temperature oscillator at 150 r/min,30℃ for 72 h.Under the optimal condition,the removal rate against methyl orange could reach 68.4%.[Conclusion]Different culture conditions have great impact on decolorization effect of strain.

Security evaluation of compounded microbial flocculant

A new kind of compounded microbial flocculant (CMBF) for water and wastewater treatment has been developed through biological technology. In order to discuss its biological security, four groups of experiments, rat acute toxicity test via mouth, salmonella assay in vitro, mouse micronucleus in vivo test and teratogenesis test were conducted to evaluate its general toxicity, genotoxicity and generative toxicity. The experimental results showed that this type of compounded microbial flocculant was a substantial non-toxic substance based on the fact that LD50 value was over 10 mg/kg. The results from salmonella in vivo test and mouse micronucleus in vivo test revealed that the compounded microbial flocculant is a genetically non-toxic substance. Furthermore, compounded microbial flocculant has little effect on the growth of all the rats, and any morphologic abnormal phenomenon hasn’t appeared.

Experimental research on Phanerochaete chrysosporium as coal microbial flocculant

The flocculation effect of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium on the coal slurry were studied by orthogonal experimental method in this study.The results of research show that the P.chrysosporium has a good effect on flocculating coal slurry.The optimum combination of the experimental is the P.chrysosporium,which is cultured in 2 days,mixed with 2 mL coagulant and 2 mL broth.The flocculant is a broken liquid with pH value of 6.The hightest flocculation ratio is 93.5%.The result of FTIR shows that the biological extraction of P.chrysosporium contains a lot of acidic polysaccharides that has the effect on flocculation.Microbial flocculant molecules and particles of coal slurry could be flocculated by‘‘absorption bridge’’.

Application Research Status and Development Prospect of Microbial Flocculant

Microbial flocculant （MBF） is a kind of novel flocculant, which is widely used for the food industry, highly concentrated organic waste water treatment and the urban water supply technology. Due to its characteristics of superior flocculation effect, without secondary pollution to the environment and being easily degraded, MBF has been emerging as a hotspot of water treatment research in recent years. In this paper, the latest progress of the preparation of MBFs and the flocculating mechanism were presented. The practical application research of MBFs for water treatment was reviewed. Finally, suggestions and development prospect of research on MBFs were discussed.

Non-parallelism between the effect of microbial flocculants on sewerage disposal and the flocculation rate

This paper dealt with non-parallelism between the effect of microbial flocculant (MBF) on sewerage disposal and the flocculation rate, the high flocculation rate doesn’t mean the fine disposal effectiveness, and revealed the problem encountered when the exclusive parameter―flocculation rate is used to evaluate the effect of MBF on sewerage disposal. The results showed that MBF made from different carbon sources have some influence on the effectiveness of sewerage disposal; flocculation rate cannot authentically reflect the status of sewerage disposal. When the exclusive parameter―flocculation rate is used to evaluate the effect of MBF on sewerage disposal, it would be exaggerated, especially in disposing COD-low sewerage. The authors considered that when flocculation rate is used to evaluate the effect of MBF on sewerage disposal, it is better to take COD-removal rate into account.

Screening of Bioflocculant-Producing Strains and Characteristics of Microbial Flocculation

A high effective bioflocculant-producing strain named LB1 was isolated and screened from the leachate by routine micro- method. The strain was identified as genus Pseudomonas according to the morphologic and physiological-biochemical characteristics of the strain. The biological characteristics of the microbial flocculants produced by LB1 were investigated. The results show that the optimal production period of microbial flocculant using LB1 is 96 h; and the products, found in the fermentation liquor, comprise the extracellular organic matter （EOM） of LB1 generated during LB1 growth and the secondary metabolites in the anaphase of LB1. Meanwhile, the mycelia can improve the performance of the microbial flocculants. Because heat has a greater influence on the active substance in the microbial flocculants than other factors, the activity of the flocculants decreases with increasing temperature and the time of heating. The flocculants can flocculate mud-containing and melanin-containing wastewater effectively with a flocculation ratio of 85.1% and 92.2%, respectively. The optimal heating temperature varies from 20 to 45 ℃. When flocculating the two wastewater, the flocculating activity of the flocculants is above 57.7% and 70.9%, respectively, in a wide pH range from 3 to 11.

Screening of a Novel Bioflocculant-producing Strain and Research on Its Flocculation

[Objective] This study aimed to screen a bacterial strain capable of producing bioflocculant. [Method] A bacterial strain T-11 capable of producing bioflocculant was isolated from activated sludge. Detailed tests on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were carried out and identification was performed to identify the strain. Finally, the bioflocculant was isolated and purified, and the flocculating activity and chemical characteristics were measured. [Result] It was identified as Serratia plumuthica based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. This strain secreted flocculant best in a culture medium which included sucrose and NaNO3. The maximal cell growth was achieved within 10 h and the flocculating activity paralleled to it. It was found to be effective for flocculation of kaolin suspension, when added at a final concentration of 0.7 mg/L, over a range of pHs （2-7）, and temperature （approximately 30-80 ℃）. Chemical analysis indicated that the bioflocculant was an acidic polysaccharide consisting of glucose, glucuronic acid and galactose, talose and altrose. Infrared spectrum analysis also revealed typical characteristics of polysaccharides. [Conclusion] The biofloccu- lants produced by strain T-11 can greatly improve the ability of activated sludge to settle.

Liquid-state fermentation with Bacillus subtilis Bs-07 to enhance anticoagulant function of Auricularia auricula polysaccharide

In order to improve the anticoagulant function of Auricularia auricula, Auricularia auricula polysaccharide （AAP） was converted into its derivatives by the microbial fermentation method and then polysaccharide derivatives with stronger anticoagulant activity were prepared. The optimal conditions for fermenting the polysaccharide from A. auricula were examined and the in vitro anticoagulant activities of transformed and untransformed polysaccharides were compared. Response surface tests and an orthogonal experiment indicated that the best conditions for microbial conversion of AAP3 were an AAP3 concentration of 4.0 mg/ mL, a ratio of substrate （AAP3 ） to donor （p-hydroxybenzoic acid） of 40：1, and a pH of 6.0. Bacillus subtilis Bs-07 was inoculated and then placed on a rotary shaker （ 120 r/min）, followed by fermentation for 48 h at 35 ℃. The conversion rate was found to be greater than 40%. The result of in vitro anticoagulant activity showed that the transformed polysaccharide improved activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time values and greatly enhanced anticoagulant activity compared to the untransformed polysaccharide.

Isolation and Identification of a Flocculant Producing Strain TS-1

[Objective] The purpose was to select out and identify a flocculant producing strain which could produce high active flocculant.[Method] The strain producing high active flocculant was isolated out and purified through medium culture and the selected strain was identified through observing its culture characters and determining its physiological and biochemical property.[Result] Fourteen strains of bacteria with flocculant producing function were isolated from tested soil samples through isolation,purification and preliminary screening using dilution-spread plate method and plate streaking method.Five strains of flocculant producing bacteria showing higher flocculation activity were selected out after second screening and their flocculation rates were higher than 70%;the flocculation activity of one strain among them was still stable after multiple subculturings,its flocculation rate was always above 90% and it was marked as TS-1.TS-1 was encapsulated Gram-positive bacillus and there was no lipid in it,such as poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid.TS-1 was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,so it was named Bacillus TS-1.[Conclusion] The strain selected out in this experiment could be used in the flocculation and biochemical treatment of wastewater from starch industry.

Screening of flocculant-producing microorganisms and flocculating activity

A strain saccharomycete STSM-1 with high flocculanting activity was isolated from activated sludge with conventional methods. The high production rate and the low cost STSM-1 medium was obtained by selecting different kinds of media, carbon source, nitrogen source and inorganic salt ion. The best flocculant-producing conditions were found by changing medium initial pH, culture temperature and ventilation flow. The best flocculating effect was obtained by changing positive ion types, density and concentration of flocculant.

Sulfonation of （1 →6）-β-D-Glucan （Lasiodiplodan） and Its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential

The objective of this study was to investigate the sulfonation of （1→6）-β-D-glucan （lasiodiplodan） as a potentiating mechanism for biological functionalities. Lasiodiplodan was sulfonated by the chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. The modified exopolysaccharide was characterized by FT-IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and SEM. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the methods of H2O2 and OH radical removal and reducing power. Antimicrobial potential was evaluated by the broth-microdilution method. Sulfonation resulted in a derivative with DS of 0.24. FT-IR analysis indicated the introduction of sulfonyl groups in the macromolecule structure through specific bands in the regions of 1,240 cm-1 and 810 cm-1. 13C NMR analysis suggested that sulfonation occurred at carbon 2 of the glucose residue. Sulfonation led to morphological changes in the structure of the biopolymer resulting in a heterogeneous structure with the presence of fibrils. Derivatization promoted an increase in the antioxidant ability of the macromolecule, with a high OH removal potential （74.32%）. Bacteriostatic activity against E. coli （Escherichia coli） and S. enterica （Salmonella enterica） typhimurium and fungicidal activity against C. albicans （Candida albicans） and C. tropicalis （Candida tropicalis） were found in the sulfonated sample. Sulfonation potentiated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the biomacromolecule, suggesting that it is a potentiating mechanism of biological functions.

OKRA (HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS) AND FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM GRACEUM) MUCILAGE:CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION AS FLOCCULANTS FOR TEXTILE EFFLUENT TREATMENTS

The use of new food grade polysaccharides (mucilage) obtained from Hibiscus esculentus and Trigonella foenum graceum,commonly called Okra and Fenugreek,respectively,as flocculants was described.These polysaccharides were used for removal of solids (suspended solids (SS) and total dissolved solids (TDS)) and dyes from real textile effluents and aqueous solutions of different class of synthetic dyes.Influences of varying polysaccharide concentration,contact time and pH on removal of pollutant from the textile...

高效絮凝菌EbZL-1的筛选鉴定及采收微藻效果评价

从东华大学镜月湖底淤泥样本中筛选到一株高效絮凝菌,采用16S rDNA测序和菌种鉴定试剂盒确定该菌株属于肠杆菌属(Enterobacter),命名为EbZL-1。以高岭土悬液为待絮凝标准液,通过单因素试验和响应面法探究絮凝菌EbZL-1在不同影响因素下的絮凝能力。研究结果表明:以11.69 g/L葡萄糖为碳源,1.04 g/L硝酸铵为氮源,培养基pH=7.8,摇床转速为160 r/min,菌株接种量为45μL(1.2×10^(5)CFU/mL),培养12 h,EbZL-1达到对数生长期;Ca^(2+)作助凝剂,高岭土悬液pH=7.0时,10 min内EbZL-1絮凝率可达96.6%,优于商用絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(120 min,95.0%)。进一步探究菌株絮凝机制,结果表明EbZL-1通过菌体自身紧密吸附待絮凝物实现大颗粒快速沉降。利用EbZL-1沉降小球藻,5 min内其絮凝率高于95%,油镜观察絮凝后小球藻,其胞体未受损。与现有絮凝菌比较,EbZL-1在广泛的pH范围(pH=5~10)内,均可快速沉降微藻,在微藻采收工艺中具有应用前景。EbZL-1絮凝菌不仅有望提升微藻采收效率,且在污水处理等方面也有应用价值,值得进一步开发。

海洋多糖基益生菌微胶囊的制备及应用研究进展

益生菌具有多种益生功效,但其在加工、贮存或消化等过程中易受外界不利环境的影响而降低活性,利用微胶囊技术可以对益生菌起到良好的保护作用,减少或避免不利环境的影响。海洋多糖作为益生菌微胶囊壁材不仅能够提高益生菌的抗胁迫能力和稳定性,改善益生菌产品的感官特性,还能与益生菌产生协同作用增强治疗效果。本文分析了不同来源海洋多糖的种类和特性,并概述了海洋多糖基益生菌微胶囊的制备方法,同时阐述了海洋多糖基益生菌微胶囊在食品工业、生物医药、养殖饲料等领域的应用,以期为益生菌微胶囊的未来研究方向和海洋资源高值化利用提供一些参考。

一株副蕈状芽孢杆菌的鉴定及其絮凝特性的研究

副蕈状芽孢杆菌在农药高灭磷、羽毛降解以及医院废水处理等过程中具有很重要的作用.研究从广西民族大学思源湖湖水取样,筛选获得一株絮凝性能较好的菌株.经16S rRNA基因测序和系统发育树分析,此菌被鉴定为副蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillusparamycoides),菌株编号为GXUN74708.生理生化检测以及电镜扫描结果表明,菌株Bacillusparamycoides GXUN74708为革兰氏阳性细菌,杆状,具有运动性,能够合成过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶.通过单因素控制菌株起始接种量、发酵时间、培养基初始pH和发酵液投加量等条件进行优化,发现菌株Bacillus paramycoides GXUN74708的絮凝率最高可达99.1%.研究还发现,菌株Bacillus paramycoides GXUN74708合成分泌的微生物絮凝剂主要分布于发酵液的上清液中.鉴定的菌株Bacillus paramycoides GXUN74708在污水絮凝中具有很好的絮凝性能,菌株发酵所用的培养基成分简单,30℃,180 r/min,摇床发酵培养36 h,就可获得絮凝性能较好的发酵液.由此可见,菌株Bacillus paramycoides GXUN74708的发酵条件简单不苛刻,在污水处理中具潜在的应用价值.

产微生物絮凝剂菌株的分离及絮凝特性研究

从某环保公司的污水处理设备好氧活性污泥和广西民族大学思源湖周边土壤中共分离出64个株菌,经过初筛和复筛得到14个絮凝率大于50%的株菌,最后对其中3个絮凝率最高的菌株进行了鉴定,分别属于蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、阿氏芽孢杆菌(Priestia aryabhattai)、拉尔宽假单胞菌(Pseudomonas lalkuanensis)。每50 mL 2.5 g/L高岭土悬液只需投加1.0 mL发酵液,蜡状芽孢杆菌在发酵时间为36 h、发酵pH为7.0时,絮凝率最高可达87.7%;阿氏芽孢杆菌在发酵时间为48 h、发酵pH为7.0时,絮凝率最高可达91.1%;拉尔宽假单胞菌在发酵时间为84 h、发酵pH为8.0时,絮凝率最高可达91.0%。3个产微生物絮凝剂菌株发酵条件比较温和,所需发酵液投加量少,表现出较高的絮凝率。因此,3个产微生物絮凝剂菌株具有实现工业化生产的潜在价值。

高矿化度矿井水零排放反渗透膜的化学清洗

结合某煤矿高矿化度矿井水零排放系统的流程、运行情况和采用不同配比药剂的反渗透膜清洗经验,对矿井水零排放系统反渗透膜化学清洗方法做了总结,摸索出一套行之有效的清洗方法,并提出相关建议。

微生物生物被膜在水土保持中的应用研究

水土保持是粮食生产的基础保障,受人类活动及环境变化的影响,我国水土流失严重。随着科技和生物学的发展,土壤中微生物的生命活动对土壤的影响受到越来越多的关注。土壤中的微生物以游离形式和生物被膜形式存在。文章阐述了土壤中生物被膜的胞外多糖和γ-聚谷氨酸在保持土壤的水肥、改善土壤结构以及增加土壤的稳定性等方面的价值,并分析了微生物生物被膜在水土保持和生态农业中的未来潜力。

微生物絮凝剂在环境污染治理中的应用研究

环境污染治理是污染物进入环境后降低其带来影响的必经过程,是守护生物安全的重要屏障,也是提升人居环境的有效措施。人居环境提升是国家战略需求,然而,受气候变化影响,人类社会受到生物安全相关威胁越来越频繁,因人居环境改善和生物安全防护关系密不可分,导致人居环境改善工作压力也越来越大,而且我国相关研究起步较晚,基础设施相对薄弱,行业创新技术与科研人员较缺乏。因此,就需结合当前环境污染治理现状,应用微生物絮凝剂,以促进人居环境质量提升。基于此,本文将针对微生物絮凝剂如何充分作用于环境污染治理,做出深入探讨与剖析。