Laccases are versatile enzymes that belong to the multi-copper oxidase family.This enzyme has several biotechnological applications because of its ablilty to oxidize a wide range of phenolic and non-phenolic substrate...Laccases are versatile enzymes that belong to the multi-copper oxidase family.This enzyme has several biotechnological applications because of its ablilty to oxidize a wide range of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates.However,their large-scale applicability in bioremediation and water treatment is hindered by high salt content and extreme pH values of the polluted media which also affects the stability,recovery and recycling of laccase.Apart from some bacteria,laccase is abundantly present in several lignin-degrading white-rot fungi viz.Ascomycetes,Deuteromycetes,and Basidiomycetes.Recently,lac-case has been employed in the development of biosensors as a medical diagnostic tool,biofuel cells,and in bioremediation purpose to remove herbicides,pesticides,and some toxic chemicals from the soil.However,most of the enzymes including laccase are normally unstable and susceptible to lose their activity over time.This might be avoided by maintaining the activity and lengthening the enzyme's lifespan through the use of appropriate immobilization procedures.The potential of laccase immobilized biocathodes for dye decolorization in microbial fuel cells has recently been studied.Immobilized laccase nanoparticles have potential uses as biocatalyst in the bioremediation of pollutants.In addition,advanced research considering microbial laccase has been conducted for its heterologous expression along with in silico protein engineering to attain maximum enzyme activity which can be potentially applied in different biotechnological sectors.Patent related to laccase also implied that this enzyme can be used as suitable catalyst for the production of promising anti-cancer drugs and even as a significant ingredient in cosmetics.展开更多
文摘Laccases are versatile enzymes that belong to the multi-copper oxidase family.This enzyme has several biotechnological applications because of its ablilty to oxidize a wide range of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates.However,their large-scale applicability in bioremediation and water treatment is hindered by high salt content and extreme pH values of the polluted media which also affects the stability,recovery and recycling of laccase.Apart from some bacteria,laccase is abundantly present in several lignin-degrading white-rot fungi viz.Ascomycetes,Deuteromycetes,and Basidiomycetes.Recently,lac-case has been employed in the development of biosensors as a medical diagnostic tool,biofuel cells,and in bioremediation purpose to remove herbicides,pesticides,and some toxic chemicals from the soil.However,most of the enzymes including laccase are normally unstable and susceptible to lose their activity over time.This might be avoided by maintaining the activity and lengthening the enzyme's lifespan through the use of appropriate immobilization procedures.The potential of laccase immobilized biocathodes for dye decolorization in microbial fuel cells has recently been studied.Immobilized laccase nanoparticles have potential uses as biocatalyst in the bioremediation of pollutants.In addition,advanced research considering microbial laccase has been conducted for its heterologous expression along with in silico protein engineering to attain maximum enzyme activity which can be potentially applied in different biotechnological sectors.Patent related to laccase also implied that this enzyme can be used as suitable catalyst for the production of promising anti-cancer drugs and even as a significant ingredient in cosmetics.
