Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill(麝香通心滴丸)protects against sodium laurate-induced coronary microcirculatory dysfunction in rats

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill(麝香通心滴丸,STDP)in a rat model of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction(CMD).METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated randomly into four groups:sham,CMD model,STDP,and nicorandil.After 4 weeks of treatment,CMD was induced by injection of sodium laurate(0.2 m L,2 g/L)into the left ventricle while obstructing the ascending aorta.Rats in the sham group underwent an identical surgical procedure but were administered physiological(0.9%)saline(0.2 m L).Twenty-four hours after surgery,blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Heart tissues were removed for histopathology staining;apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines were examined by Western blotting.RESULTS:The STDP group had a lower level of creatine kinase-myocardial band,lactate dehydrogenase,and cardiac troponin-I than that in the CMD model group.Infiltration of inflammatory cells,myocardial ischaemia,and microthrombosis were relieved in the STDP group compared with CMD model group.Levels of endothelin-1,nuclear factor-kappa B,tumour necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,interleukin-1β,malondialdehyde,B-cell lymphoma(Bcl)-2-associated X protein,and caspase-3 were lower,and levels of nitric oxide,Bcl-2,and superoxide dismutase were higher,in the STDP group in comparison with the CMD model group.CONCLUSION:STDP pretreatment improved the CMD induced by sodium laurate via anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptosis,and anti-oxidant mechanisms.

Effect of ulinastatin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin(UTI)on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Totally 24 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham-operated control group(SO group),ischemia-reperfusion group(I/R group)and ulinastatin group(UTI group).Liver in I/R group underwent 1 h of reperfusion after 30 min of ischemia.In UTI group,UTI(2×104 U/kg)was administered to rats 30 min before modeling.The levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)in serum were measured and the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were determined.The histological changes of liver were observed.Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased in I/R group compared with those in UTI group(P<0.05).The levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were significantly higher in I/R group than in UTI group(P<0.05).Histological examination of liver indicated that the damages were more severe in I/R group than in UTI group.Conclusion UTI has the ability to inhibit the production of TNF-α and oxyradical,and ameliorate microcirculatory dysfunction in rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.