Using IoT to Smart Security Door System with Face Tracking Camera

Security is a serious concern, whether it may be the security of assets, data and human life. Providing humans with security and safety for their belongings and items is an important need. A smart lock door project/ with different types of methods for entry, like fingerprint and authentication PIN code is suggested with an unnoticeable face tracking camera capturing a photo in case of error data entry. It is to be controlled via the user’s smartphone using Blynk with the implementation of IoT. This technology is made with two microcontrollers. ESP32 is used to control the solenoid lock, fingerprint sensor and keypad. ESP32-CAM is used to capture a photo and send it to the owner’s smartphone to be viewed on Telegram application. Many conclusions are extracted from system results, as well as suggested ideas for future work.

Cost-Effective Monitoring of the Fuel Air Equivalence-Ratio with a Lambda Sensor and a Microcontroller in a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier

The operation of biomass treatment devices such as gasifiers is based on the control of key parameters that play an important role in product formation. These include: temperature, excess oxygen, relative humidity and biomass composition. This work focuses on excess oxygen and temperature. Unfortunately, flue gas oxygen analyzers are expensive and not accessible to small industries. However, the equivalence ratio is linked to excess oxygen and has the advantage of not depending on biomass composition. This study therefore focuses on the design and development of a device for controlling this equivalence ratio by measuring oxygen concentration using a self-propelled Lambda probe, and a system for monitoring this equivalence ratio using an Arduino Uno 3 microcontroller. The temperature is recorded with an accuracy of ±1.5°C. For a heating time of 10 minutes, the response time to temperature change is around 3 seconds, which is sufficient for the device to function properly. This simple device is an efficient and cost-effective means of checking the equivalence ratio.

Design of Intelligent Window Automatic Monitoring System Based on Microcontroller Control

To ensure the safety of residents’lives and property by using automatic opening and closing of ordinary windows,this article designs an intelligent window automatic monitoring system.The article proposes a software and hardware design scheme for the system,which comprises a microcontroller control module,temperature and humidity detection module,harmful gas detection module,rainfall detection module,human thermal radiation induction module,Organic Light-Emitting Diode(OLED)display module,stepper motor drive module,Wi-Fi communication module,etc.Users use this system to monitor environmental data such as temperature,humidity,rainfall,harmful gas concentrations,and human health.Users can control the opening and closing of windows through manual,microcontroller,and mobile application(app)remote methods,providing users with a more convenient,comfortable,and safe living environment.

Intelligent Solar Chasing Street Light System Design and Fabrication Summaries

This project adopts an advanced microcontroller as the core control unit,which accurately commands the servo drive,realizes the real-time light chasing and charging function of the solar panel,and effectively manages the power supply system of the street light.At the same time,the system is able to continuously monitor the operation status of the servo within the range of 0°to 180°to ensure that it is trouble-free and not offline.The hardware system construction consists of five modules:a power module,solar panel module,servo module,street light module,and Organic Light-Emitting Diode(OLED)display module.Each module works together to support the stable operation of the whole system.The system workflow is to accurately determine the direction of the light source by collecting real-time light intensity data through four precision photoresistors.Subsequently,the microcontroller intelligently controls the helm module based on these data to drive the solar panel to rotate within a range of 180°to accurately track the sun’s orientation.The street light provides two lighting modes,automatic and manual,to meet the needs of different scenarios.During the daytime,the solar panels work actively to monitor and collect solar energy efficiently in real-time,meanwhile,when night falls,the solar panels switch to standby mode and the streetlights light up automatically,illuminating the road ahead for pedestrians.Compared with the traditional solar street lights on the market,the intelligent solar light chasing road system introduced in this project has significant advantages.Its unique light-chasing algorithm enables the solar panel to continuously track the light source from sunrise to sunset,thus significantly improving the charging efficiency.Compared with traditional street lights,the biggest advantage of this project is the proposed light-chasing algorithm,which can always charge from sunrise until sunset,making the charging efficiency increase by 38%to 47%.The charging efficiency is 20%to 38%higher than that of traditional street lamps.Simultaneously,the biggest advantage of this project is that the power storage capacity is higher than 35%of the traditional solar street light.Bringing users a more durable and stable lighting experience.

基于ArchC进行嵌入式Microcontroller设计研究

介绍了一种实用的以SystemC为基础的体系结构描述语言(ADL)—ArchC,首先简单对ArchC软件工具包进行了说明,接着重点介绍了以ArchC为工具进行Microcontroller设计的原理和简单流程,并说明了其关键技术,最后作了一个简单的总结.

基于单片机开展探究式实验教学以提高中学生物理核心素养

本文介绍了基于单片机开展的探究式实验教学课程,课程在理论讲授中注重物理量和实验原理的讲解,在实践教学中强调以学生为中心的教学理念,教学内容和实验项目适合于中学生。课程教师在教学过程中充分调动学生的学习主动性,训练学生掌握基本的物理实验技能,引导学生以探究的方式使用Arduino系统以及各种传感器、电机、开关等物理设备完成简单的交互式系统设计,因此学生使用物理知识分析、解决实际问题的能力以及他们的物理核心素养均得到了提高。该课程可以成为中学物理教学的拓展内容和有益补充,也可作为承接青少年科普活动和科学教育的教学平台。

Intelligent Temperature Control System Design Based on Single-Chip Microcomputer

A design method of an intelligent temperature control system based on single-chip microcomputer is presented in this paper. The intelligent temperature control system is divided into four parts: monitor,heater,controlled process and feedback loop. Among them,the temperature detection circuit is designed with the conductivity of water by sensor detection. The optical coupler MOC3041 is used to implement the power control circuit,whose control object is 1 kW electric heater with the 220 V alternating current power; keyboard and display circuit SMC1602A include four buttons and LCD display to achieve human-computer interaction; Based on single-chip system STC89C52,the sensor signal and keyboard set target temperature are compared to the power automatically in order to finish the water temperature control. Through the static and dynamic data testing,the results show that the proposed method provides an effective way to realize the real-time acquisition and control of temperature.

基于物联网技术的智能安保门铃的设计

随着人们生活水平的提高和物联网技术的高速发展,门铃作为家居的重要组成部分之一,越来越趋向于智能化、安全化、人性化。文中设计了一种以单片机为控制核心的智能安保门铃系统,此门铃主要利用物联网技术、蓝牙技术、传感器技术,具有应用程序(application,APP)通知提示、远程辅助开门、强行破门警报、留言等功能。该设计提高了门铃信息的实时性,实现了手机APP控制,可以防止主人外出时错过重要来客信息,方便了人们的生活。

A method to deliver patterned electrical impulses to Schwann cells cultured on an artificial axon

Information from the brain travels back and forth along peripheral nerves in the form of electrical impulses generated by neurons and these impulses have repetitive patterns. Schwann cells in peripheral nerves receive molecular signals from axons to coordinate the process of myelination. There is evidence, however,that non-molecular signals play an important role in myelination in the form of patterned electrical impulses generated by neuronal activity. The role of patterned electrical impulses has been investigated in the literature using co-cultures of neurons and myelinating cells. The co-culturing method, however, prevents the uncoupling of the direct effect of patterned electrical impulses on myelinating cells from the indirect effect mediated by neurons. To uncouple these effects and focus on the direct response of Schwann cells,we developed an in vitro model where an electroconductive carbon fiber acts as an artificial axon. The fiber provides only the biophysical characteristics of an axon but does not contribute any molecular signaling.In our "suspended wire model", the carbon fiber is suspended in a liquid media supported by a 3D printed scaffold. Patterned electrical impulses are generated by an Arduino 101 microcontroller. In this study, we describe the technology needed to set-up and eventually replicate this model. We also report on our initial in vitro tests where we were able to document the adherence and ensheath of human Schwann cells to the carbon fiber in the presence of patterned electrical impulses(hSCs were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA; ScienCell fulfills the ethic requirements, including donor's consent). This technology will likely make feasible to investigate the response of Schwann cells to patterned electrical impulses in the future.

Improved direct power injection model of 16-bit microcontroller for electromagnetic immunity prediction

To promote the modeling standardization process of the integrated circuits, an improved electrical simulation model for a direct power injection （DPI） setup which was used to measure the conducted immunity of a 16-bit microcontroller to radio frequency aggression was investigated. Based on the existing model of the same microcontroller, the PDN module was modified by adding the core, PLL and MD network models, which could reflect the actual electric distribution situation within the microcontroller more accurately. By comparing the simulation results with the measurement results, the effectiveness of the modified model can be improved to 500 MHz, and its uncertainty is within ＋1.8 dB （＋2 dB is acceptable）. Then, to improve the simulation accuracy of the complete model in the high frequency range, the I/O model which contained the dynamic and nonlinear characteristics reflecting the variation of the internal impedance of the microcontroller with increasing the frequency of the external noise was introduced. By comparing the simulation results with the measurement results, the effectiveness of the second modified model can be improved up to 1.4 GHz with the uncertainty of ~1.8 dB. Thus, a conclusion can be reached that the proposed model can be applied to a much wider frequency range with a smaller uncertainty than the latest model of the similar type. Furthermore, associated with the electromagnetic emission testing platform model, the PDN module can also be used to predict the electromagnetic conducted and radiated emission characteristics. This modeling method can also be applied to other integrated circuits, which is very helpful to the standardization of the IC electromagnetic compatibility （EMC） modeling process.

Design and development of a plastic scintillator based whole body β/γ contamination monitoring system

Plastic scintillation detectors based whole body β/γ contamination monitors are developed for use in radiation facilities.This microcontroller-based multi-detector system uses 13 plastic scintillator detectors,with minimized dead detection zones,monitoring the whole body,and conforming to the contamination limit prescribed by the regulatory authority.This system has the features for monitoring hands,feet,head,and faceβ/γusing contamination monitors and portal exit monitors.It can detect gamma sources at a dose rate of 10 n Gyh^(-1).The system is calibrated using b sources^(90)Sr/^(90)Y,^(204)Tl,and^(36)Cl,and the efficiency is found to be 29%,22%,and 18%,respectively.Theminimumdetectableβ/γcontaminationis0.15 Bqcm^(-2),which is significantly less than the minimum detection objectives on head,face,hands,and feet.

Open-Source Hardware Is a Low-Cost Alternative for Scientific Instrumentation and Research

Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event. Data collection efforts are often a compromise: manual measurements can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in data being collected at a low frequency, while automating the data-collection process can reduce labor requirements and increase the frequency of measurements, but at the cost of added expense of electronic data-collecting instrumentation. Rapid advances in electronic technologies have resulted in a variety of new and inexpensive sensing, monitoring, and control capabilities which offer opportunities for implementation in agricultural and natural-resource research applications. An Open Source Hardware project called Arduino consists of a programmable microcontroller development platform, expansion capability through add-on boards, and a programming development environment for creating custom microcontroller software. All circuit-board and electronic component specifications, as well as the programming software, are open-source and freely available for anyone to use or modify. Inexpensive sensors and the Arduino development platform were used to develop several inexpensive, automated sensing and datalogging systems for use in agricultural and natural-resources related research projects. Systems were developed and implemented to monitor soil-moisture status of field crops for irrigation scheduling and crop-water use studies, to measure daily evaporation-pan water levels for quantifying evaporative demand, and to monitor environmental parameters under forested conditions. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of automated measurements, and offer guidance for other researchers in developing inexpensive sensing and monitoring systems to further their research.

Novel Design of HID Lamp Electronic Ballast for Automotive Systems

This paper presents a high intensity discharge（HID） lamp for automotive illumination. A novel type of ballast for HID is proposed without an acoustic resonance. The system consists of high frequency DC/DC converter,DC/AC inverter（SLA2403M）, high voltage igniter and a microcontroller unit（MCU）. The proposed ballast controls the complex start-up process and constant power process by programming on the rnicrocontroller. It is verified that experimental results agree well with the calculated ones. The ballast features such functions as failure protection, line under-voltage, line over-voltage, output short circuit and disconnection protections.

Fire-Detectors Review and Design of an Automated, Quick Responsive Fire-Alarm System Based on SMS

In this work a review of existing fire-detector types has been carried out along with the development of a low cost, portable, and reliable microcontroller based automated fire alarm system for remotely alerting any fire incidents in household or industrial premises. The aim of the system designed is to alert the distant property-owner efficiently and quickly by sending short message (SMS) via GSM network. A Linear integrated temperature sensor detects temperature beyond preset value whereas semiconductor type sensor detects presence of smoke or gas from fire hazards. The sensor units are connected via common data line to ATMega8L AVR microcontroller. A SIM300CZ GSM kit based network module, capable of operating in standard GSM bands, has been used to send alert messages. The system is implemented on printed circuit board (PCB) and tested under different experimental conditions to evaluate its performances.

A Universal Object Oriented Expert System Frame Work for Fault Diagnosis

The paper presents a universal fault diagnostic expert system frame work. The frame work is characterized by two basic features. The first includes a fault diagnostic strategy which utilizes the fault classification and checks knowledge about unit under test. The degree of accuracy to which faults are located is improved by using fault classification knowledge. The second characteristic is object oriented inference mechanism using message passing. Object orientation in inference mechanism improved inference efficiency. The developed framework demonstrates its effectiveness and superiority compared to earlier approaches using case studies.

A Programmable Timing System for Debating Training and Competitions

A piece of equipment designed under a multi-disciplinary project in Shandong University of Science and Technology is described.The purpose is to indicate speech-time status to speakers in debates by presenting a three-light output The speech length may be programmed by the user with a combination of buttons and LCD display.The system is portable and microcontroller-based,using on-chip timers for accurate measurement of durations.

Evolving Open-Source Technologies Offer Options for Remote Sensing and Monitoring in Agriculture

A variety of sensing and monitoring systems have been developed based on the concept of open-source and on open-source hardware and software components. Availability and relatively low cost of hardware components and availability and ease of use of software components allow access to sensing and monitoring technologies that were previously unattainable to many potential users. Advances in electronic monitoring and evolving cellular communications technologies are increasingly offering more, simpler, and less expensive options for remote monitoring. Due to the near-future cessation of 2G and 3G cellular network services, however, many existing monitoring systems will need to be redesigned to operate on alternative cellular networks. A soil-moisture monitoring system was developed incorporating updated open-source Arduino microcontrollers and the recently introduced LTE Cat-M1 cellular network to transmit sensor measurements via the cellular network for access on an internet website. The monitoring system costs approximately US$130 to construct the electronic circuitry and less than US$1 per month for cellular network access and data transmission. Data were transmitted with a 95% success rate, and the monitoring system operated continuously throughout an entire crop growing season with no battery recharge or maintenance requirements. The design and operation of the monitoring system can serve as a basis for other remote monitoring systems.

The Conversion of a Zimbabwean Processing Plant from Manual to Smart Operation

The automation of several key processes in a factory in Zimbabwe is described.The plant is a producer of bolts and nails for the southern Africa region.Being built in the 1950s,the equipment was intended for manual operation.To improve efficiency and reduce overhead costs,this project was commissioned to add electronic intelligence to some of the processing equipment.In particular the conversion of forging furnaces to computer control and the intelligent implementation of heat-treatment processes are described.Results of the project in economic and quality terms are presented.

The Features of Microcontroller EM78P447 and Technique of Port Connection with I^2C Series Bus

By describing the technique of port connection and flow chart ofR/W operation between 24LC01, serial E2PROM, and EM78P447A, features of EM78P447 and its connection with I2C serial bus are introduced. In the end, the programe of writing operation is given.

Design of IP core based on AMBA bus

With the rapid development of integrated circuit(IC)technology,reusable intelligent property(IP)core design is widely valued by the industry.Based on the in-depth study of the functional characteristics of advanced microcontroller bus architecture(AMBA),a design scheme of IP core is presented,and it is divided into the functional modules,and the structural design of the IP core is completed.The relationship between the internal modules of the IP core is clarified,and the top-down design method is used to build the internal architecture of the IP core.The IP core interface module,register module,baud rate module,transmit module,receive module,and interrupt module are designed in detail by using Verilog language.The simulation results show that the designed IP core supports serial peripheral interface(SPI)protocol,the function coverage of IP core reaches 100%,the maximum working frequency reaches 200 MHz,and the resource occupancy rate is less than 15%.The reusable IP core can support multiple data formats,multiple timing transmission modes,and master/slave operation modes,reducing the resource consumption of hardware circuits and having stronger applicability.