Identification of Microorganisms in Poultry Farms in N’djamena and the Border Areas of Hadjer-Lamis and Chari-Baguirmi Chad

Introduction: On the outskirts of Ndjamena, semi-industrial poultry farming and traditional poultry farming are practised informally on almost all poultry farms in Chad. This type of poultry farming is faced with real health problems attributable to a lack of monitoring of the vaccination schedule, inadequate compliance with biosecurity measures and poor application of the Ichikawa rule based on the 5 M’s. Objective: The aim of this article is to identify the microorganisms responsible for contamination of poultry farms in the study area. Method: The study was carried out from 28/04/2022 to 31/01/2023 on the basis of 300 samples taken from feed, drinking water, droppings and scrapings from poultry housing surfaces in the 30 farms that served as a framework for our research. Sampling was of the simple random type, and farms were selected on the basis of the farmers’ consent. The data were recorded on pre-established survey forms. Our study was cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective. Bacteria were isolated using the reference method NF EN ISO 6579 for Salmonella spp. and cultured on the specific medium eosin methylene blue (EMB) for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas and Citrobacter freundii. Results: The following results emerged from this study: Escherichia coli (5.33%), Pseudomonas (1.33%), Citrobacter freundii (12%) and Salmonella paratyphi (21.68%). Conclusion: Of the 300 samples analysed, 121 (40.33%) were contaminated with pathogens. This high level of contamination is a health problem. The study shows that biosecurity is less satisfactory on the farms visited. Nevertheless, farms with a very satisfactory level of biosafety ensure food safety and variety for the population.

The Combination of Achnatherum inebrians Extracts and Soil Microorganisms Inhibited Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Elymus nutans

In a greenhouse experiment,the effects of soil microorganisms and extracts of Achnatherum inebrians on the seed germination and seedling growth of Elymus nutans were studied.The results showed that both the extracts from aboveground and belowground parts of A.inebrians significantly inhibited the germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling height,root length,and fresh weight of E.nutans,but increased malondialdehyde content,catalase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of E.nutans seedlings(p<0.05).The allelopathy of aqueous extracts of the aboveground parts of A.inebrians was stronger than that of the pre-cipitates.Aqueous extracts of the aboveground parts of A.inebrians decreased seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling length,root length,and seedling fresh weight by 10.45%-74.63%,24.18%-32.50%,19.03%-73.36%,37.83%-88.41%,21.42%-53.14%,2.65%-40.21%,and 20.45%-61.36%,respectively,and malondialdehyde content,peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase activity increased by 8.09%-62.24%,27.83%-86.47%,22.90%-93.17%,and 11.15%-75.91%,respectively.The above indexes were higher in live soil than in sterilized soil.Soil microorganisms increased the allelopathy of A.inebrians.The seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling length,and seedling fresh weight of E.nutans planted in live soil decreased by 8.22%-48.48%,10.00%-51.85%,8.19%-53.26%,16.43%-60.03%,12.91%-28.81%,and 9.09%-22.86%compared with sterilized soil,respectively.Malondialdehyde content,peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase activity of E.nutans planted in live soil increased by 53.91%-81.06%,15.71%-57.34%,33.33%-86.31%,and 9.78%-52.51%compared with sterilized soil,respectively.The existence of soil microorganisms enhanced the allelopathy of the secondary metabolites of A.inebrians.A combination of microorganisms and aqueous extracts from the aboveground parts of A.inebrians had the strongest allelopathic effect on E.nutans.

Bibliometric analysis of soil phosphate solubilizing microorganisms research using VOSviewer

Phosphorus-solubilizing microbes play key roles in improving phosphorus availability and in alleviating phosphorus nutrient limitation in soils. However, we did not have a comprehensive understanding of the overall research progress and development trend of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms. In this study, we obtain documents from the Web of Science (WOS) core collection between 2002 and 2022, and a comprehensive review of the progress of global research on soil phosphate solubilizing microorganisms was conducted by using the VOSviewer bibliometric analysis tool. The results showed an increasing trend in the number of published articles from 2002 to 2022. India, accounting for 28% of the total number of published articles, became the most productive country. However, Canada was the country with the highest average citation frequency of articles. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was the greatest contributor with the most publications. Among the published journals, Frontiers in Microbiology, Applied Soil Ecology and Plant and Soil were the top three core journals in this field. Based on the keyword analysis, the assessment of the mechanisms between phosphorus solubilizing microbes and the soil carbon cycles with the different management practices became the new research trend among the scientific communities. These findings would provide an important reference value for future in-depth research on soil phosphate solubilizing microorganisms.

海事卫星地面站RMS可用性评估模型

随着国际海事卫星通信系统(international maritime satellite communication system,INMARSAT)的不断发展,卫星地面站(satellite earth station,SES)的可用性评估具有重要意义。首先选取可靠性、维修性和保障性为指标,构建可靠性、维修性与保障性(reliability,maintainability and supportability,RMS)模型进行SES可用性评估;其次,以SES设备为研究对象,根据马尔可夫链得到设备有效性概率,并进一步推导出系统可靠性;然后,建立排队图解协调技术(queue-graphical evaluation and review technique,Q-GERT)网络以描述SES设备的维修保障过程,并基于AnyLogic软件进行建模仿真;最后,通过算例进行应用研究,基于RMS模型进行SES可用性评估,验证了该模型和评估方法的有效性与实用性。

Effects of Synergy between Earthworms and Effective Microorganisms on Vermicomposting of Pig Manure

[ Objective] To explore the effects of synergy between earthworms （ Eisenia foetida） and effective microorganisms （EM） on vermicom. posting of pig manure and to provide a new idea for rational and effective utilization and treatment of animal manure. [Method] Four treatments were used to compost pig manure, namely, EM-inoculated manure, earthworms-inoculated manure, EM and earthworms-inoculated manure and control （CK） manure. The experiment lasted for 60 d. On Day 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60, the pig manure was collected, and the content of total organic carbon （TOC）, total Kjeldahl nitrogen （TKN）, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and water soluble carbon （WSC） was determined, respectively. [Resuit] Compared with the control, the EM and earthworms-inoculated manure had a decrease of 42.8% in the TOC content, an increase of 13.6% in the TKN content, a decrease of 49.5% in the carbon nitrogen ratio, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen of 98.1%, a 96 times increase in nitrate nitrogen, the ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen of 61, and a decrease of 58.9% in the WSC content. [ Conclusion] The synergy between earthworms and EM can accelerate maturation of pig manure and improve mineralization and stability of products.

Causative Microorganisms Isolated from Patients with Intra-Abdominal Infections and Their Drug Resistance Profiles:An 11-Year(2011–2021)Single-Center Retrospective Study

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of causative microorganisms recovered from patients with intra-abdominal infections(IAIs).Methods A total of 2,926 bacterial and fungal strains were identified in samples collected from 1,679 patients with IAIs at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2011 and 2021.Pathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)was performed using the VITEK 2 compact system and the Kirby–Bauer method.AST results were interpreted based on the M100-Ed31 clinical breakpoints of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results Of the 2,926 strains identified,49.2%,40.8%,and 9.5%were gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,and fungi,respectively.Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathogen in intensive care unit(ICU)and non-ICU patients;however,a significant decrease was observed in the isolation of E.coli between 2011 and 2021.Specifically,significant decreases were observed between 2011 and 2021 in the levels of extended-spectrumβ-lactamase(ESBL)-producing E.coli(from 76.9%to 14.3%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae(from 45.8%to 4.8%).Polymicrobial infections,particularly those involving co-infection with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria,were commonly observed in IAI patients.Moreover,Candida albicans was more commonly isolated from hospital-associated IAI samples,while Staphylococcus epidermidis had a higher ratio in community-associated IAIs.Additionally,AST results revealed that most antimicrobial agents performed better in non-ESBL-producers than in ESBL-producers,while the overall resistance rates(56.9%–76.8%)of Acinetobacter baumanmii were higher against all antimicrobial agents than those of other common gram-negative bacteria.Indeed,Enterococcus faecium,Enterococcus faecalis,S.epidermidis,and S.aureus were consistently found to be susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid.Similarly,C.albicans exhibited high susceptibility to all the tested antifungal drugs.Conclusion The distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative microorganisms from patients with IAls were altered between 2011 and 2021.This finding is valuable for the implementation of evidence-based antimicrobial therapy and provides guidance for the control of hospital infections.

牛粪可再生垫料(RMS)的安全制备

[目的]规模化奶牛场粪污污染问题日益突出,已成为制约奶牛养殖业可持续发展的重要因素。而将牛粪作为奶牛卧床垫料,是实现牛场粪污无害化和资源化利用的有效途径之一。[方法]对不同干物质含量(30%~35%,35%~40%,40%~50%)的固体牛粪进行堆垛发酵,通过对比不同干物质牛粪垛的温度、有害微生物的变化趋势及堆垛完成后理化性质,建立起最优的牛粪卧床垫料安全制备流程,并评估其对乳房炎发病率的影响。[结果]35%~40%干物质含量牛粪堆垛成高1.2 m,底宽1.5~2.0 m,顶宽1.2 m,长20~30 m的梯形发酵垛,发酵第4天后,发酵垛表层、中层温度达60℃以上;发酵温度60℃以上保持24 h,可以将乳房炎致病微生物100%灭杀;发酵后的牛粪经过晾晒,使其干物质含量达到45%~50%后,拌0.1%~0.2%的生石灰可用作卧床垫料。[结论]35%~40%干物质含量牛粪经过发酵,发酵温度60℃以上保持24 h,可将乳房炎致病微生物100%灭杀,发酵后经过晾晒使其干物质达到45%~50%后,拌0.1%~0.2%的生石灰可用作卧床垫料,牛粪垫料制备时间最短,使用效果最好。

Revisiting “Non-Thermal” Batch Microwave Oven Inactivation of Microorganisms

Over the last few decades there has been active discussion concerning the mechanisms involved in “non-thermal” microwave-assisted inactivation of microorganisms. This work presents a novel non-invasive acoustic measurement of a domestic microwave oven cavity-magnetron operating at fo = 2.45 ± 0.05 GHz (λo ~ 12.2 cm) that is modulated in the time-domain (0 to 2 minutes). The measurements reveal the cavity-magnetron cathode filament cold-start warm-up period and the pulse width modulation periods (time-on time-off and base-time period, where time-on minus base-time = duty cycle). The waveform information is used to reconstruct historical microwave “non-thermal” homogeneous microorganism inactivation experiments: where tap-water is used to mimic the microorganism suspension;and ice, crushed ice, and ice slurry mixture are used as the cooling media. The experiments are described using text, diagrams, and photographs. Four key experimental parameters are indentified that influence the suspension time-dependent temperature profile. First, where the selected process time > the time-base, the cavity-magnetron continuous wave rated power should be used for each second of microwave illumination. Second, external crushed ice and ice slurry baths induce different cooling profiles due to difference in their heat absorption rates. In addition external baths may shield the suspension resulting in a retarding of the time-dependent heating profile. Third, internal cooling systems dictate that the suspension is directly exposed to microwave illumination due to the absence of surrounding ice volume. Fourth, four separated water dummy-loads isolate and control thermal heat transfer (conduction) to and from the suspension, thereby diverting a portion of the microwave power away from the suspension. Energy phase-space projections were used to compare the “non-thermal” energy densities of 0.03 to 0.1 kJ·m-1 at 800 W with reported thermal microwave-assisted microorganism inactivation energy densities of 0.5 to 5 kJ·m-1 at 1050 ± 50 W. Estimations of the “non-thermal” microwave-assisted root mean square of the electric field strength are found to be in the range of 22 to 41.2 V·m-1 for 800 W.

Shape Effect of Nanoparticles on Nanofluid Flow Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms

In this paper,we discussed the effect of nanoparticles shape on bioconvection nanofluid flow over the vertical cone in a permeable medium.The nanofluid contains water,Al2O3 nanoparticles with sphere(spherical)and lamina(non-spherical)shapes and motile microorganisms.The phenomena of heat absorption/generation,Joule heating and thermal radiation with chemical reactions have been incorporated.The similarity transformations technique is used to transform a governing system of partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations.The numerical bvp4c MATLAB program is used to find the solution of ordinary differential equations.The interesting aspects of pertinent parameters on mass transfer,energy,concentration,and density of themotilemicroorganisms’profiles are computed and discussed.Our analysis depicts that the performance of sphere shape nanoparticles in the form of velocity distribution,temperature distribution,skin friction,Sherwood number and Motile density number is better than lamina(non-spherical)shapes nanoparticles.

车载无线设备运用维护管理系统(RMS)研究与应用

车载无线设备广泛使用在既有线和高铁线上,建立车载无线设备运用维护管理系统(RMS)对提高设备管理水平、降低维护成本、提升运输效率具有重要意义。在对高速铁路车载无线设备运用维护现状进行分析的基础上,针对设备应用和维护管理的实际需求,设计车载无线设备运用维护管理系统(RMS),实现设备日常运用和维护检修作业信息化管理和车载无线通信设备履历全生命周期管理,有效提高铁路车载无线设备信息管理效率和科学化水平,对列车安全运行起到十分重要的作用。

Lipozyme RM IM在人乳替代脂合成中的循环利用及结构变化

目的:研究Lipozyme RM IM在人乳替代脂合成中的应用及其在循环利用中结构的变化。方法:以sn-2高棕榈酸甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸为底物,在Lipozyme RM IM催化下同步合成主要成分为1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol,OPO)和1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯(1-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol,OPL)的人乳替代脂,考察合成过程中OPO与OPL含量、油酸与亚油酸含量、总棕榈酸含量、sn-2棕榈酸含量、酶活力、脂肪酶二级结构信息和内源荧光强度等指标,研究LipozymeRMIM在合成人乳替代脂中的应用及其循环利用特性。结果:以中国母乳脂质数据库为依据评判所合成人乳替代脂指标,Lipozyme RM IM循环使用第1次时,人乳替代脂中OPO相对含量为19.41%,OPL相对含量为17.04%,总脂肪酸中油酸相对含量为35.63%,亚油酸相对含量为22.30%,总棕榈酸相对含量为28.80%,sn-2棕榈酸相对含量为52.40%;当Lipozyme RM IM循环使用至第17次时,母乳结构脂中OPO相对含量为8.50%,OPL相对含量为7.62%,总脂肪酸中油酸相对含量为28.62%,亚油酸相对含量为13.38%,总棕榈酸相对含量为38.26%,sn-2棕榈酸相对含量为58.40%,均与中国母乳脂质范围一致。但Lipozyme RM IM循环使用超过17次后,酶法合成产物脂质组成与中国母乳脂质范围相差甚远。结论:Lipozyme RM IM作为一种酯交换能力优异的脂肪酶,在合成人乳替代脂的过程中可以累计使用17次,证明了固定化脂肪酶在合成人乳替代脂中有较好的循环使用特性。该研究为脂肪酶在人乳替代脂合成中的广泛应用提供了参考依据,同时也为连续性反应器合成人乳替代脂过程中脂肪酶的循环利用提供了参考。

六相永磁同步电机驱动系统直流环节电容器电流RMS值估计

六相永磁同步电机(PMSM)驱动系统相比传统三相PMSM驱动系统具有低压大功率、转矩脉动小、控制灵活和容错率高等特点。直流环节电容器对驱动系统的稳定性起着决定性作用,但由于其结构特殊,需承受较高的纹波电流均方根(RMS)值。而直流电容器的电流RMS值是决定其使用成本、体积和寿命的重要参考指标。因此对直流电容器的电流RMS值进行估计显得尤为重要。针对采用传统双重傅里叶积分算法计算电容的电流RMS值时存在的过程繁琐、涉及许多未解积分等问题,文章提出了一种基于多项式插值求积法Cotes的直流电容器电流RMS值的计算方法。即在等距离步长中分布5个采样点,对推导出的函数积分生成近似解,采用Cotes法可以省去大量的积分计算过程,同时提高计算精度。该方法简化了传统算法的繁琐计算过程并且保证了较高的计算精度,可为直流环节电容器的优化选型和寿命监测控制器设计提供指导。最后,文章将所提方法与现有方法进行了对比分析,实验结果验证了所提方法的计算速度比传统双重傅里叶积分算法快50%左右,且计算精度较牛顿3/8法提高了约5%。

间作黄芪对当归根际土壤微生物的影响

目的:探讨根际土壤微生物对中药材种植模式的响应方式。方法:以间作黄芪及单作下当归根际土壤为研究对象,基于高通量测序技术,分析土壤微生物在不同季节及种植模式下群落组成及功能的差异。结果:间作下Chao1指数、ACE指数高于单作,变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和芽单胞菌门为间作下的优势菌门,芽单胞菌门的相对丰度在间作下高于单作。11月间作下γ变形菌纲、7月间作下全噬菌纲的丰度显著高于单作。KEGG功能预测表明,在不同时间及间作下根际土壤细菌与细胞过程、环境信息处理、遗传信息处理、代谢功能下属的23类二级功能基因的相对丰度存在显著差异;参与氮循环的功能基因K00371(narH/narY/nxrB)、(K00374 narI/narV)等OTU数在间作下显著高于单作;不同门、纲在间作下的共生网络比单作下连接紧密且更复杂。结论:当归间作黄芪影响土壤细菌群落组成,增加其丰富度及功能的丰富性,影响土壤氮循环能力,促进土壤微生物间的交互作用。

不同施肥处理对‘渝城1号’核桃产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

以‘渝城1号’核桃为研究对象,设置单施复合肥、单施有机肥、施用核桃配方肥及不施肥4个处理,测定不同施肥处理时核桃产量、品质及核桃园土壤理化性质、微生物数量等,对核桃配方肥的应用效果进行评价。结果表明:施复合肥、有机肥及核桃配方肥均能提高核桃产量,其中,施用核桃配方肥的增产效果最好,经济效益最高,该施肥处理比不施肥的收益提高88.1%。相比于不施肥,施用核桃配方肥时核桃果实的蛋白质及脂肪总量显著提高,油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸占比增加,硬脂酸、棕榈酸等饱和脂肪酸占比下降。施用复合肥能促进核桃园土壤有效氮、磷、钾质量分数的增加,但会引起土壤pH及有机质质量分数下降。施用有机肥和核桃配方肥均能促进土壤有机质和有效养分质量分数增加。施用核桃配方肥后,土壤总微生物量增加,固氮菌、解磷菌、解钾菌、纤维降解菌等功能微生物数量均显著增多,土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶等活性大幅升高。施用核桃配方肥能显著提升核桃的产量和品质,更利于土壤养分转化和果园可持续经营。

基于宏基因组测序和纯培养技术解析胀袋生抽酱油的微生物类群

该研究采用宏基因组测序技术对胀袋生抽酱油微生物类群进行了解析,对其微生物菌株进行了分离鉴定,并对分离株是否可导致酱油胀气进行了验证。宏基因组结果表明,胀袋生抽酱油样品中平均相对含量大于1.0%的微生物主要由嗜盐四联球菌(Tetragenococcus halophilus)、酸鱼联合乳杆菌(Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis)、植物乳植物杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)、耐酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acetotolerans)、棒状腐败乳杆菌(Loigolactobacillus coryniformis)、短促生乳杆菌(Levilactobacillus brevis)和屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)构成,平均相对含量分别为28.01%、25.50%、9.45%、2.49%、1.83%、1.53%和1.33%;采用纯培养技术,分离出的49株细菌被鉴定为6个属下的11个种,其中枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、破布子联合乳杆菌(Ligilactobacillus pobuzihii)、蛋白原酶腐败乳杆菌(Loigolactobacillus rennini)和L.acidipiscis分离株占总分离株数的39.22%、19.61%、11.76%和9.80%,分离出的2株酵母菌均被鉴定为扣囊复膜酵母(Saccharomycopsis fibuligera);产气验证实验发现,所有分离株均不能单独引起生抽酱油的胀袋现象。由此可见,胀袋生抽酱油具有较高的微生物多样性,在后续研究引入培养组学策略以获得更多的分离株,亦或考虑多菌株的协同作用,对酱油涨袋这一产业问题的解决可能具有积极的意义。

后生元研究进展及应用现状

后生元是对宿主健康有益的无生命微生物和/或其成分制剂,具有安全稳定、易于储存和生产、化学结构明确等优点。本文针对后生元主要活性成分、益生功能以及应用现状进行了综述,阐述了关于灭活的菌体细胞、菌体成分及菌体代谢产物对宿主的健康益处,总结了后生元在增强免疫力、调节胃肠道功能、缓解肥胖、维护口腔健康、预防骨质疏松等方面的研究进展,列举了日本、美国、德国以及国内市场的后生元产品,并提出了后生元存在的挑战和新研究方向。

弱酸性电解水用于提升鲜切马铃薯安全品质的研究

目的探究弱酸性电解水和自来水处理的鲜切马铃薯在室温贮藏条件下不同时间段内品质的变化。方法模拟现代厨房贮存模式,经弱酸性电解水和自来水处理的鲜切马铃薯在室温(25±0.5)℃贮藏环境下,贮藏0、7、14、21、28、35h时,检测其感官、色度、质构、淀粉、蛋白质、钾、维生素C、菌落总数、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、霉菌、酵母菌。结果经弱酸性电解水处理的鲜切马铃薯在室温贮藏21 h内,经自来水处理的鲜切马铃薯在室温贮藏14 h内,感官正常,其营养成分淀粉、蛋白质、维生素C、钾元素下降较少,金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、菌落总数、大肠杆菌、霉菌、酵母菌的含量均在国家标准和团体标准许可的安全范围内,可安全食用。结论弱酸性电解水可显著提升鲜切马铃薯的贮藏品质,抑制其金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、菌落总数、大肠杆菌、霉菌、酵母菌繁殖,延长室温贮藏期。

不同因素对咸鸭蛋“黑黄”产生的影响

为分析影响盐腌鸭蛋中“黑黄”产生的因素,本实验通过色度值和金属离子含量测定以及蛋白质组学分析,对比“黑黄”咸蛋和正常咸蛋不同部位的差异,初步确定与“黑黄”形成有关的因素,再通过单因素试验进一步研究这些因素对黑黄形成程度和速率的影响。结果表明,Fe、Cu含量越高,蛋黄色度值越小,“黑黄”越黑,推测卵黄高磷蛋白中Fe2+与S2-结合形成的硫化物是使蛋黄变黑的原因,半胱氨酸的降解脱硫是蛋黄产硫的主要原因。微生物浓度、温度、pH值是影响黑黄产生的主要因素,鸭蛋载菌量和腌制温度越高,黑黄率越高;pH7.0~8.0范围内均可产生H2S,其中pH7.5时产气速率最快。综上,可以推测“黑黄”是由蛋黄内硫元素与铁元素之间的变色反应造成,腌制过程中的温度、pH值以及鸭蛋本身的载菌量对“黑黄”现象均有较大影响。

内蒙古地区强震动台站背景噪声与数据质量分析

计算了内蒙古地区193个强震动台站2022年连续观测数据的加速度功率谱密度,通过绘制不同时空、不同加速度计、不同频段的功率谱密度和功率谱概率密度函数图及背景噪声速度均方根值分布图,评估了该区强震动台站的背景噪声变化特征,对出现的功率谱密度异常进行了具体分析,并针对强震动台站数据异常检测及处理提出了相应的建议。研究结果显示:不同加速度计、不同时空强震动台站的背景噪声功率谱密度昼夜差异主要体现在1 Hz以上频段,且不同区域的昼夜差异变化较大;QA-2g型、JS-A2型和TDA-33M型三种加速度计在2 s频点的背景噪声功率谱密度随区域和三分向变化较小;从强震动台站2 s频点背景噪声的监控能得到可靠的观测数据异常,数据异常主要由加速度计零点漂移大、加速度计故障、脉冲干扰、系统参数有误造成,建议优化站点观测环境,进一步规范仪器安装、调试及JOPENS系统的参数配置和审核。

甘氨酸锰对产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋性能和肠道微生物的影响

本试验旨在研究甘氨酸锰对产蛋后期蛋鸡盲肠微生物和产蛋性能的影响。选取体况良好、产蛋率接近的70周龄海兰褐蛋鸡720只,随机分为4个处理,每处理6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。基础饲粮不额外添加锰源(实测锰含量为21.77 mg·kg^(-1)),试验组饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加120 mg·kg^(-1)锰的一水硫酸锰以及40、80和120 mg·kg^(-1)锰的甘氨酸锰(实测锰含量分别为144.46、57.84、96.97和135.59 mg·kg^(-1)),试验期12周(70~82周龄)。结果表明,40 mg·kg^(-1)锰的甘氨酸锰饲粮组蛋鸡77~82周龄产蛋率显著高于120 mg·kg^(-1)锰的一水硫酸锰组和80 mg·kg^(-1)锰的甘氨酸锰组(P<0.05),添加甘氨酸锰对70~82周龄产蛋率有增加的趋势(P=0.071),对70~82周龄其它产蛋性能指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。40 mg·kg^(-1)甘氨酸锰饲粮组蛋鸡盲肠微生物区系的Chao1和Shannon指数显著高于120 mg·kg^(-1)一水硫酸锰组(P<0.05),OTU数量最多,表明菌群多样性和丰富度最高;属水平上Top 10的菌属追溯到门水平上,120 mg·kg^(-1)一水硫酸锰组厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著高于80 mg·kg^(-1)甘氨酸锰饲粮组(P<0.05);120 mg·kg^(-1)一水硫酸锰组中起重要作用的微生物类群集中在Firmicutes苞菌科(Selenomonadaceae),80 mg·kg^(-1)甘氨酸锰饲粮组中起重要作用的微生物类群集中在螺旋体门(Spirochaetota)螺旋体科(Spirochaetaceae);差异菌分析发现,40 mg·kg^(-1)甘氨酸锰饲粮组盲肠中乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度显著高于120 mg·kg^(-1)一水硫酸锰组(P<0.05),80 mg·kg^(-1)甘氨酸锰饲粮组类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、马赛菌属(Massilia)和弯曲杆菌属(Campylobacter)相对丰度均显著高于120 mg·kg^(-1)一水硫酸锰组(P<0.05);与40 mg·kg^(-1)甘氨酸锰饲粮组相比,80 mg·kg^(-1)和120 mg·kg^(-1)甘氨酸锰饲粮组有益菌巨单胞菌属(Megamonas)、Lactobacillus和罗姆布茨菌属(Romboutsia)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),有害菌Campylobacter相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加40 mg·kg^(-1)锰的甘氨酸锰可以改善产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道微生物区系的物种丰富度和多样性指数,增加有益菌丰度和参与代谢过程的菌群,在一定程度上改善了试验后段(77~82周龄)蛋鸡产蛋性能。