Fault diagnosis and protection of motors in coal shearer

Symmetrical components method is employed in analysis of the characteristic motor faults.Motor protection method is put forward based on detecting positive sequence,negative sequence and zero sequence current.And problems of lack of motor overload capacity in existing mining motor protection system,impact of dynamic current on stage and definite-time delay operation and inaccuracy of criterion phase failure protection are analyzed.The unbalanced faults protection and inverse-time overload protection,which can make protection time change with the current movement,are proposed.The above problems can be solved,and the reliability and intelligent of coal shearer are improved.

Research and improvement of leakage protection system in traction motor

Because the leakage protection circuit in traction motor of coal mining machine is impacted by frequency converter devices,malfunctions appear frequently.This paper makes an in-depth analysis,proposes a solution of using the subtraction circuit to offset interference signals and conducts a simulation analysis.The above scheme,which is simple and easily realized,can improve the reliability of leakage protection device in traction motor.

The Protection of Asynchronous Motor

In this paper, the relationship between the protection and control of asynchronous motor and all sorts of protection devices for asynchronous motor are briefly expounded. The protection of motor has mainly developed in three stages： thermal relay, electronic integrated protector, and microcomputer protector. In terms of sampling methods, the protection can be divided into two types： （1） the sampling current detection, which is implemented using a thermal relay with circuit breaker for the thermomagnetic tripping motor protection, and an electronic and solid state relay with circuit breaker and sof~ starter for the thermomagnetic tripping motor protection; （2） the sampling temperature detection, which is to directly detect electromotor winding temperature using bimetallic strip temperature relay, thermal protector, detecting coil, and heat resistance temperature relay. However, the second method is very expensive and difficult to maintain because a motor winding is necessary to directly bury, so it is used only in the cases requiring some frequent operations. Finally, the harmonious cooperation between overload protection device and motor or between overload protection device and short circuit protection device must be considered regardless of the protection device model.

A novel predictive braking energy recovery strategy for electric vehicles considering motor thermal protection

Braking energy recovery(BER)aims to recover the vehicle's kinetic energy by coordinating the motor and mechanical braking torque to extend the driving range of the electric vehicle(EV).To achieve this goal,the motor/generator mode requires frequent switching and prolonged operation during driving.In this case,the motor temperature will unavoidably rise,potentially triggering motor thermal protection(MTP).Activating MTP increases the risk of motor component failure,and the EV typically disables the BER function.Thus,maximizing BER while reducing the risk of motor overheating is a challenging problem.To address this issue,this article proposes a predictive BER strategy with MTP using the non-smooth Pontryagin Minimum Principle(NSPMP)for EVs.Firstly,a Markov long short-term memory(MLSTM)model is designed to obtain future velocity information.Secondly,the BER problem with MTP in the studied EV is embedded in a model predictive control(MPC)framework.Then,under the MPC framework,the NSPMP strategy is proposed to resolve the problem of MTP.Finally,the performance of the proposed strategy is verified through simulation and a hardware-in-loop test.The results show that in two real-world driving cycles,compared to the rule-based strategy,the proposed strategy reduced power consumption by 1.24%and0.96%,respectively,and effectively limited motor temperature.Additionally,under global cycle conditions,this strategy demonstrated better MTP control performance compared to other benchmark strategies.

Protective Effect of Interleukin-1β on Motor Neurons after Sciatic Nerve Injury in Rats

Protective effect of interleukin 1β (IL 1β) on motor neurons was studied after peripheral nerve injury. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups randomly. The right sciatic nerve of each rat was resected. After silicon tubulization of sciatic nerve in rat, 15 μl 1 ng/ml IL 1β and PBS solution were injected into the silicon capsule respectively. Enzyme histochemistry was performed to show acetyle cholesterase (AchE) and nitric oxide staining (NOS) activity of spinal α motor neurons in spinal segments 2 weeks later. Neurons were counted and the diameter and cross sectional (c/s) area of neurons were analyzed by using computer image analysis system. The results showed that as compared with the normal side, both enzyme activities significantly changed in motor neurons in PBS group. The diameter and c/s area of both neurons changed significantly too ( P< 0 01). These results suggest that exogenous IL 1β protects α motor neurons from degeneration and necrosis after peripheral nerve injury.

Protective effect of sodium valproate on motor neurons in the spinal cord following sciatic nerve injury in rats

BACKGROUND: Sodium valproate (VPA) is used to be an effective anti-epileptic drug. VPA possesses the characteristics of penetrating rapidly through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increasing levels of Bcl-2 and growth cone-associated protein (GAP) 43 in spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of VPA on Bcl-2 expression and motor neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord of rats following sciatic nerve transection. DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment. SETTING: Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Wuhan Puai Hospital. MATERIALS: A total of 30 male healthy SD rats of clean grade and with the body mass of 180-220 g were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Medical College of Wuhan University. Sodium Valproate Tablets were purchases from Hengrui Pharmaceutical Factory, Jiangsu. METHODS: The experiment was performed in the Central Laboratory of Wuhan Puai Hospital and Medical College of Wuhan University from February to May 2006. Totally 30 rats were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n =15) and model group (n =15). Longitudinal incision along backside of right hind limbs of rats was made to expose sciatic nerves, which were sharply transected 1 cm distal to the inferior margin of piriform muscle after nerve liberation under operation microscope to establish sciatic nerve injury rat models. Sodium Valproate Tablets were pulverized and diluted into 50 g/L suspension with saline. On the day of operation, the rats in the treatment group received 6 mL/kg VPA suspension by gastric perfusion, once a day, whereas model group received 10 mL/kg saline by gastric perfusion, once a day. L4-6 spinal cords were obtained at days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 after operation, respectively. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique and immunohistochemical method (SP method) were used to detect absorbance (A) of neurons with positive Bcl-2 expression. Apoptotic rate of cells (number of apoptotic cells/total number of cells×100%) was calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A value of neurons with positive Bcl-2 expression and apoptotic rate in spinal cord of rats in the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 30 SD rats were involved in the result analysis. ①expression of positive Bcl-2 neurons: A value of positive Bcl-2 neurons were 0.71±0.02, 0.86±0.04, 1.02±0.06 at days 4, 7 and 14, respectively after operation in the treatment group, which were obviously higher than those in the model group (0.62±0.03, 0.71±0.05, 0.89±0.04, t = 3.10-4.50, P < 0.05). ②apoptotic result of motor neurons: Apoptotic rate of motor neurons in spinal cord was (6.91±0.89)% and (15.12±2.34)% at days 7 and 14 in the treatment group, which was significantly lower than those in the model group [(9.45±1.61)%, (19.35±0.92)%, t = 2.39, 3.03. P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: VPA can increase expression of Bcl-2 in spinal cord and reduce neuronal apoptosis in rats following sciatic nerve injury, and has protective effect on motor neuron in spinal cord of rats.

考虑同步启动低频电流影响的蓄水电动机组继电保护配置方法

在蓄水电动机组继电保护配置过程中,因电动机组同步启动时参与同步振荡,导致低频电流幅值较大,影响电网运行的安全性。针对这一情况,提出考虑同步启动低频电流影响的蓄水电动机组继电保护配置方法。针对蓄水电动机组不同电压下的线路进行线路保护配置和整定,将保护装置与断路器相连,并制定一套阶段式保护,实现对蓄水电动机组线路的保护,在此基础上,根据电动机组的工作阶段采用两种不同的整定方式,实现对蓄水电动机组的过流保护,考虑同步启动低频电流的变化,改进低功率保护整定,自动调整低功率保护动作值。结果表明:提出的蓄水电动机组继电保护配置方法能够快速消除故障,及时调整机组工作状态。在该配置方法作用下,线路的连锁故障率比较低,进一步保障了蓄水电动机组的安全运行。

基于信息干预的慢行出行行为

为研究影响出行者选择慢行出行行为的信息及其影响程度,基于保护动机理论分析慢行出行行为的信息干预作用机制,通过慢行交通行为调查问卷及信息干预实验,研究信息干预前后出行者出行行为的变化,分析信息干预对慢行出行行为的影响机制。研究表明:①健康类信息、环境类信息和政策引导类信息对于慢行出行都有促进作用,其中政策引导类干预效果最佳。②自我效能、严重性、反应效能、成本四个要素对于慢行出行的意愿程度有显著的影响作用,人口统计学变量对信息干预实验效果并无显著影响。信息干预能够对出行者的慢行出行产生正相关影响,能有效诱导慢行出行。

正压呼吸防护面罩中无刷电机的模糊PID控制

正压呼吸防护面罩是作为医护工作者抗击新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)所使用的个体防护装备。本文忽略呼吸扰动等因素对送风子系统所产生的干扰,以送风子系统中的无刷直流电机为研究对象,建立无刷直流电机的数学模型;在MATLAB/Simulink环境中建立无刷直流电机转速PID控制模型,但由于无刷直流电机存在非线性、时变性等特点,导致PID控制对送风子系统中无刷直流电机的控制效果并不理想。然而,由于模糊控制不需要被控对象的精确模型,所以可以使用模糊PID来完成对送风子系统中无刷直流电机的控制优化。通过仿真实验结果表明:使用模糊PID控制系统的稳定性优于PID控制系统,无刷直流电机控制性能得到提升。

信息化视角下工业生产中电动机智能保护研究

电动机在工业生产中被广泛应用,是生产线上极为重要的生产设备,一旦电动机发生故障,会引发较大的经济损失。基于此,依托信息化技术,设计出一款基于PIC16F884单片机的电动机智能保护系统,从硬件与软件两个方面实现了对电动机的智能化保护。该系统不仅响应速度快、可靠性好,而且智能化程度高、操作方便,对提高工业生产水平具有推动作用。

反应性气膜对喷管附面层损失的影响

针对二维轴对称喷管,数值模拟研究了氢气和正癸烷两种反应性气膜对喷管附面层损失的影响,分析对比了喷注比为0%、0.47%、1.07%、1.42%以及氢气、正癸烷两种不同喷注物质下喷管附面层损失变化规律。结果表明,与无喷注的情况相比,壁面喷注形成的反应性气膜显著降低了喷管壁面温度;当喷注比从0%增加到1.42%时,氢气反应性气膜使得喷管扩张段壁面平均温度降低了2648.3 K,而正癸烷反应性气膜使得喷管扩张段壁面平均温度降低了1875.9 K;喷注物质为正癸烷不利于降低喷管附面层损失,正癸烷反应性气膜使得喷管附面层损失增加了504.3%;而喷注物质为氢气更有利于降低喷管附面层损失,反应性气膜使得喷管附面层损失降低了38.8%。研究表明,氢气反应性气膜对喷管的热防护和附面层减阻综合性能提升更有利。

长尾喷管气凝胶隔热层结构设计

固体火箭发动机长尾喷管外围通常放置舵机等控制系统,为了满足控制系统的工作温度要求,设计了一种用于长尾喷管段的新型热防护复合结构。长尾段隔热层采用具有低热导率、低密度特点的二氧化硅气凝胶材料。首先建立了气凝胶材料热导率计算模型,并对高温环境气凝胶材料导热性能进行测试。随后结合气凝胶材料热导率计算,建立了长尾喷管的热防护复合结构模型,并对喷管热防护结构模型进行了瞬态传热分析和力学性能分析。结果表明,喷管热防护结构设计满足材料力学性能。在发动机工作20 s后气凝胶材料可以将喷管的长尾段外壳壁面温度控制在320 K以下。相较于传统的高硅氧酚醛隔热材料,气凝胶材料隔热效果表现更优,且可以有效减少喷管热防护结构的消极质量。

树脂基防隔热一体化热防护复合材料高温性能演变分析

采用溶胶-凝胶-常压干燥的方法,以耐热杂化酚醛树脂(PF)为基体,复合碳纤维编织物(CF)制备树脂基防隔热一体化热防护复合材料(PF/CF-HT01)。利用热分析(TG)、电子万能试验机研究材料热稳定性和高温力学性能,利用氧乙炔装置研究材料耐烧蚀性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射仪(XRD)研究材料微观结构演变过程。结果表明:空气中树脂基体的初始分解温度为387.3℃,最大分解温度为644.7℃,800℃时残炭率为13.8%;复合材料初始分解温度为405.3℃,800℃时残炭率为42.8%;复合材料常温压缩强度最大为542.6 MPa,经1 000℃原位热处理30和60 s后的最大压缩强度分别为166.2和149.9 MPa。复合材料具有良好的防隔热一体化性能,其线烧蚀率可达0.039 mm/s,单次热考核结束时背温低于100℃、继续热传导后最高背温低于200℃。高温作用下材料快速陶瓷化形成致密的SiO2和BN瓷化层,赋予材料突出的耐烧蚀抗冲刷性能,而底层仍然保留着多孔结构使得材料保持较好的隔热性能。

导引头伺服稳定平台故障诊断及保护设计

为了实现导引头伺服稳定平台角度传感器、陀螺仪和电机驱动三大关键部件故障时的快速诊断和保护,设计了一套故障诊断和保护的方法。该方法结合关键部件的固有属性以及导引头稳定平台的工作特点,对其工作状态实时监测,一旦状态量持续或瞬间超过设定阈值,即可触发相应报警或者必要的保护措施。该方法可以很好地在前期调试中发现和定位故障,以及在导引头整机调试中出现故障时能够及时保护,防止故障扩大恶化。经试验验证,该故障诊断方法准确可靠,满足使用要求。

航空用双三相电机抗功率管短路的研究

为了提升航空双余度电控架构下的可靠性,此处对电驱桥功率管短路问题进行了研究,提出了抗功率管短路控制方法。通过定量分析功率管短路影响,结合驱动芯片DESAT保护和短路后相电流故障轨迹特点设计了功率管短路位置判断逻辑,并通过主动短路故障三相实现容错保护功能。仿真和实验结果表明,采用所提出的短路故障检测和保护方法可以在数个基波周期内完成故障判断并进行故障动作,有效消除了不平衡电流,达到降低去磁电流、抑制转矩脉动效果。

考虑电流瞬时频率特性的水上浮吊供电系统定时限过流保护方法

水上浮吊供电系统中,通常含有多台大功率异步电动机,多个电动机在并网启动时会产生较大的启动电流,当各电机启动电流叠加,可能导致变压器电流激增,触发过电流保护误动,给工业生产带来巨大损失。本文首先基于异步电动机等效模型,揭示了冲击电流的产生机理和箱式变压器保护误动原因;接着针对水上浮吊电机断续周期工作场景,提出了随机运行场景生成方法,基于希尔伯特黄变换技术,对系统的故障短路和电机启动状态下变压器的电流信号进行瞬时频率特性分析,揭示不同状态下箱式变压器电流的瞬时频率特性差异,在此基础上构建定时限过电流主动闭锁模块,确保浮吊供电系统正常工作时的可靠供电;最后通过湖南省某水上浮吊系统的仿真模型对所提出的保护方案进行了验证。

浅析低压电动机的过电流保护

低压电动机的过电流保护,是以电动机运行电流参数作为整定条件的保护类型。通过设定不同的电流整定值,实现电动机运行电流异常时,发出警告信号或控制电动机直接跳闸的保护功能。通过对过电流保护中两种常见类型过载保护和短路保护的定值整定原则、动作的原因、实现的原理、动作的途径等进行分析,阐述了过电流保护目前存在的短板并提出保护整定方案,为更早发现并控制电动机异常提供了宝贵意见。

低压电机的现状与发展探析

现代建筑业、工业以及农业的飞速发展,增加了低压电机的使用率。低压电机是现阶段最重要且运用非常普遍的机械设备之一,由于运用广泛,其功能得到充分发挥,确保低压电机安全运行也变得愈发重要。在电机厂中,生产的电机类型逐渐增多,在操作电机时也会出现各种各样的技术问题。不同电机具有不同的控制方法,使技术人员面临着很大挑战。

基于环保视角的机动车排气污染及防治策略研究

随着社会经济的不断发展,人民群众的生活水平逐渐提高,购买力的上涨导致机动车数量激增,由此造成的机动车尾气排放危害日益突出,已成为大气污染重要的组成部分,严重影响生态环境。为解决上述问题,本文基于环保视角,简要介绍了机动车排气产生的主要污染物及危害,并针对潍坊市机动车排气污染现状和管理中存在的主要问题,思考并提出了具体的防治策略,旨在为后续机动车排气方面的相关研究提供建议和借鉴。

提高潜油电机浸漆工艺可靠性分析

随着潜油电机制造技术的进步,浸漆工艺技术也随之得到提升。为了提高浸漆工艺的可靠性,从绝缘漆的选择,到工艺工装以及工艺流程三个方面出发,介绍了一种适用潜油电机高可靠性浸漆工艺流程方法。从理论及实际验证角度出发,证实了该技术具有环保、节省时间、槽内漆量高、降低电机温升、提升浸漆可靠性等特点,适用于潜油电机浸漆工艺广泛推广。