Microprocessors such as those found in PCs and smartphones are complex in their design and nature.In recent years,an increasing number of security vulnerabilities have been found within these microprocessors that can ...Microprocessors such as those found in PCs and smartphones are complex in their design and nature.In recent years,an increasing number of security vulnerabilities have been found within these microprocessors that can leak sensitive user data and information.This report will investigate microarchitecture vulnerabilities focusing on the Spectre and Meltdown exploits and will look at what they do,how they do it and,the real-world impact these vulnerabilities can cause.Additionally,there will be an introduction to the basic concepts of how several PC components operate to support this.展开更多
This paper introduces a SF vector control system of a slip frequency controlled induction mo-tor with simple structure,fair performance and convenient operation.It is realized by two singlechip microprocessors and fed...This paper introduces a SF vector control system of a slip frequency controlled induction mo-tor with simple structure,fair performance and convenient operation.It is realized by two singlechip microprocessors and fed from SPWM-GTR inverter.The whole system is combined by twosubsystems,both of them are 8031 single chip microprocessors.The communication between themis coordinated by the full duplex serial port within the chip and ask-and-answer communicationmanner.The error-corrected means adopted has improved the operation reliability of the system.A series of experimental results on a 3 kW induction motor are given at the end of this paper.展开更多
We propose a novel scheme, called on-line cache resizing (OCR), to dynamically resize the cache and meet the size requirement of each application. At each periodic interval, the scheme gathers the cache hit-miss sta...We propose a novel scheme, called on-line cache resizing (OCR), to dynamically resize the cache and meet the size requirement of each application. At each periodic interval, the scheme gathers the cache hit-miss statistics at runtime using an extra tag array. These executing statistics serve as inputs to an analytical model of cache energy. The scheme uses energy as a primary metric to dynamically increase/decrease the number of active cache ways for the next interval. The scheme minimizes the active cache size to save energy with minimal performance loss. The simulation with SPEC 2000 benchmarks shows that OCR results in an average of 38.4% energy saving compared with fixed-size caches, with only 2.0% performance loss.展开更多
One of the major causes of road accidents is sleepy drivers.Such accidents typically result in fatalities and financial losses and disadvantage other road users.Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the dri...One of the major causes of road accidents is sleepy drivers.Such accidents typically result in fatalities and financial losses and disadvantage other road users.Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the driver’s sleepiness and integrate it into a warning system.Most studies have examined how the mouth and eyelids move.However,this limits the system’s ability to identify drowsiness traits.Therefore,this study designed an Accident Detection Framework(RPK)that could be used to reduce road accidents due to sleepiness and detect the location of accidents.The drowsiness detectionmodel used three facial parameters:Yawning,closed eyes(blinking),and an upright head position.This model used a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)consisting of two phases.The initial phase involves video processing and facial landmark coordinate detection.The second phase involves developing the extraction of frame-based features using normalization methods.All these phases used OpenCV and TensorFlow.The dataset contained 5017 images with 874 open eyes images,850 closed eyes images,723 open-mouth images,725 closed-mouth images,761 sleepy-head images,and 1084 non-sleepy head images.The dataset of 5017 images was divided into the training set with 4505 images and the testing set with 512 images,with a ratio of 90:10.The results showed that the RPK design could detect sleepiness by using deep learning techniques with high accuracy on all three parameters;namely 98%for eye blinking,96%for mouth yawning,and 97%for head movement.Overall,the test results have provided an overview of how the developed RPK prototype can accurately identify drowsy drivers.These findings will have a significant impact on the improvement of road users’safety and mobility.展开更多
It can be observed from looking backward that processor architecture is improved through spirally shifting from simple to complex and from complex to simple. Nowadays we are facing another shifting from complex to sim...It can be observed from looking backward that processor architecture is improved through spirally shifting from simple to complex and from complex to simple. Nowadays we are facing another shifting from complex to simple, and new innovative architecture will emerge to utilize the continuously increasing transistor budgets. The growing importance of wire delays, changing workloads, power consumption, and design/verification complexity will drive the forthcoming era of Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs). Furthermore, typical CMP projects both from industries and from academics are investigated. Through going into depths for some primary theoretical and implementation problems of CMPs, the great challenges and opportunities to future CMPs are presented and discussed. Finally, the Godson series microprocessors designed in China are introduced.展开更多
An experimental system is developed for the transient radiation effects testing of an anti-radiation hardened processor. Based on this system, the transient radiation effects in a microprocessor based on SPARC-V8 arch...An experimental system is developed for the transient radiation effects testing of an anti-radiation hardened processor. Based on this system, the transient radiation effects in a microprocessor based on SPARC-V8 architecture was investigated. The dose-rate-soft-error index parameters of the processor were determined according to the test results, as were the influences on the function and timing parameters of the processor. The power supply balance is affected, which caused the system to reset and be the main source of soft errors. The results showed the circuit recovery time is primarily determined by the internal PLL, while the core power and the output-low-IO ports are more sensitive to the transient dose rate effect. The power-integrity-hardened design is proposed to mitigate the transient radiation effect.展开更多
In this work we describe a reconstruction algorithm for zero-order hold (ZOH) waveforms measured by a parallel sam-pling scheme. In the method the ZOH signal is fed to a parallel network consisting of resistor-capacit...In this work we describe a reconstruction algorithm for zero-order hold (ZOH) waveforms measured by a parallel sam-pling scheme. In the method the ZOH signal is fed to a parallel network consisting of resistor-capacitor (RC) filters, whose outputs are sampled simultaneously. The algorithm reconstructs N previous samples of the input signal from output samples of N parallel RC circuits. The method is especially useful in sampling and reconstruction of the ZOH signals produced by the digital-to-analog converters. Using the parallel sampling method the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converters can be increased by a factor of N. We discuss a variety of applications such as reconstruction of ZOH pulse sequences produced by ultra wide band (UWB) transmitters.展开更多
This paper discusses needs for the automation of the underdevelopment communities.The novelty of this research is the link between production of microprocessors and increasing of the life quality.This study highlights...This paper discusses needs for the automation of the underdevelopment communities.The novelty of this research is the link between production of microprocessors and increasing of the life quality.This study highlights the importance of efficient and economic architecture of logical circuits for the automation.The aim of this research is to produce a logical circuit,which includes suitable gates.The circuit will be embedded in the automatic devices as a microprocessor to cause programmed functions.This research reports analytically a workshop method to build the circuit.It uses an assembly card and required gates.Then,it suggests certain VHDL codes to drive a motor.The workshop presents the configuration schemes and connection board for every gate.In addition,it shows a schematic wiring diagram of the circuit.Finally,the economic analysis proves the mass production of the circuit will enhance the automation and consequently the quality of life.The outcome of this research is a helpful experience to the engineers,manufacturers and students of the relevant disciplines to resolve the inequality in the use of the modern technologies.展开更多
This paper presents a 1.2 V high accuracy thermal sensor analog front-end circuit with 7 probes placed around the microprocessor chip.This analog front-end consists of a BGR(bandgap reference),a DEM(dynamic element ma...This paper presents a 1.2 V high accuracy thermal sensor analog front-end circuit with 7 probes placed around the microprocessor chip.This analog front-end consists of a BGR(bandgap reference),a DEM(dynamic element matching)control,and probes.The BGR generates the voltages linear changed with temperature,which are followed by the data read out circuits.The superior accuracy of the BGR’s output voltage is a key factor for sensors fabricated via the FinFET digital process.Here,a 4-stage folded current bias structure is proposed,to increase DC accuracy and confer immunity against FinFET process variation due to limited device length and low current bias.At the same time,DEM is also adopted,so as to filter out current branch mismatches.Having been fabricated via a 12 nm FinFET CMOS process,200 chips were tested.The measurement results demonstrate that these analog front-end circuits can work steadily below 1.2 V,and a less than 3.1%3σ-accuracy level is achieved.Temperature stability is 0.088 mV/℃across a range from-40 to 130℃.展开更多
The mainstream embedded resolutions widely adopted in the geophysical observation device are discussed in this paper. The advantages and its applicability of the PC104 embedded module are demonstrated through its perf...The mainstream embedded resolutions widely adopted in the geophysical observation device are discussed in this paper. The advantages and its applicability of the PC104 embedded module are demonstrated through its performance description, technique development and its applications in the design of the fluxgate magnetometer, the movable seismograph and the GPS steering device.展开更多
A new kind of simple and flexible CO2 welding system was developed to carry out waveform control. The system consisted of IGBT inverter, PWM circuit and microprocessor unit ( MPU) , in which the output current of co...A new kind of simple and flexible CO2 welding system was developed to carry out waveform control. The system consisted of IGBT inverter, PWM circuit and microprocessor unit ( MPU) , in which the output current of constant current (CC) power supply could be changed according to transient physical state, and the variable down slope rate control could be used to ensure a stable welding process. The welding experiment results proved the effectiveness of this control approach.展开更多
The article discusses the possibility of further modernization of the standard microprocessor relay protection of AC overhead system feeders DPA-27.5-TNF, which is operated on the Trans-Baikal Railway by creating an a...The article discusses the possibility of further modernization of the standard microprocessor relay protection of AC overhead system feeders DPA-27.5-TNF, which is operated on the Trans-Baikal Railway by creating an additional automated system of unified templates necessary for the occurrence of “trainability” elements. The templates will be formed via a separate dedicated channel for transmission, processing and storage of the necessary information, not related to the operation of the terminal, with its subsequent visualization at the workplace of the duty personnel of traction substations, together with information from the “GID” software received via another dedicated wired channel. With the help of such a base of unified preset templates, in the future, it will be possible not only to identify the specific causes of each emergency shutdown but also to reduce their number by dynamically adjusting the existing presets of the standard operation algorithm.展开更多
In this paper, the construction and performance of the microprocessor-based multi-chan-nel digital thermometric instrument together with its deisgn and fabrication are systematicallydescribed. The principle, method an...In this paper, the construction and performance of the microprocessor-based multi-chan-nel digital thermometric instrument together with its deisgn and fabrication are systematicallydescribed. The principle, method and practical softwares for the entire reference-junction com-pensation processing by microcomputer and the linearization of the characteristic ofthermocouples are also exhaustively expounded with a detailed analysis of the error existing inthe thermometric instrument. The practiced result shows that the apparatus is featured with asimple construction, high accuracy and high ability of anti-disturbance. It is proved to be ofpractical value.展开更多
In this paper the authors present an analysis and the implementation of microprocessor-baseddigital phase-locked loop speed control system for an induction motor which is actuated by aSPWM-GTR inverter.The system is c...In this paper the authors present an analysis and the implementation of microprocessor-baseddigital phase-locked loop speed control system for an induction motor which is actuated by aSPWM-GTR inverter.The system is controlled by a 16-bit single chip microprocessor.A new type of frequency and phase detector is presented in detail,An adaptive method isadopted in speed controller.A three mode control scheme is used.These techniques are very use-ful to the improvement of the dynamic behavior of digital AC motor drive system.Experimental results show that the system is of good stability,high precision and good dynam-ic performance.展开更多
This paper presents the design idea and implementation of a real time multiprocess executivededicated to a distributed computer control system(abbreviated as DCCS),RTEX.The hostprecessor is an INTEL 8344 microcontroll...This paper presents the design idea and implementation of a real time multiprocess executivededicated to a distributed computer control system(abbreviated as DCCS),RTEX.The hostprecessor is an INTEL 8344 microcontroller proper for mini size industrial control work station.A real time executive is designed to provide a friendly environment for users to develop their ownapplied software.In consideration of reliability and ease of maintenance the executive is imple-mented by a hierarchical structure with eight layers which include user applied programs,net-work communication,real time clock manager,interprocess communication,processcoordination,process manager,memory manager,hardware.For practical purpose the networkcommunication software is implemented by four layers,namely physical,datalink,transport andapplication.The bottom two layers are designed according to the Bit Bus protocol,so that thework station is compatible with the INTEL distributed system.Three parts,the kernel,networkcommunication and facilities for system initialization and applied software development are in-cluded.展开更多
In order to testify and examine the ability and correctness of an expert system for diagnosing the faults in the electrical power system of a certain kind of satellite, the authors have developed a simulated testbed a...In order to testify and examine the ability and correctness of an expert system for diagnosing the faults in the electrical power system of a certain kind of satellite, the authors have developed a simulated testbed according to the operational principle of the electrical power system. This paper takes the solar battery array as an instance to introduce the designing principle of its hardware circuits, and presents the methods to design the interface and the software program of the single-chip microprocessor system. The software scheme of the upper computer is introduced at the end of this paper. It has been proved that this simulated system could effectively achieve the complete functions coupled with the simple design by using of various mature techniques in the fields of electronic circuits, single-chip microprocessor and numerical emulation.展开更多
This paper presents a modified multi-resolution telescopic search algorithm (MRTlcSA) for the block-matching motion estimation. A novel inverse telescopic search is substituted for the conventional telescopic search, ...This paper presents a modified multi-resolution telescopic search algorithm (MRTlcSA) for the block-matching motion estimation. A novel inverse telescopic search is substituted for the conventional telescopic search, that reduces the on-chip memory size and memory bandwidth for VLSI implementation. In addition, strategies of motion track and adaptive search window are applied to reduce the computational complexity of motion estimation. Simulation results show that, compared with the MRTleSA, the proposed algorithm reduces the computational load to only 30% while preserving almost the same image quality. Comparisons on hardware cost and power consumption of the VLSI implementations using the two algorithms are also presented in the paper.展开更多
An integrated sensor system is implemented using inter-integrated circuit mode (I2C) software, utilizing the PIC182585 MPLAB embedded control system utilizing hardware. The hardware implementation features high level ...An integrated sensor system is implemented using inter-integrated circuit mode (I2C) software, utilizing the PIC182585 MPLAB embedded control system utilizing hardware. The hardware implementation features high level of integration, reliability, high precision, and high speed communications. The system was demonstrated by temperature and CO2 sensors. An extension for Zigbee system is proposed to enhance the security of the integrated system. A bi-directional air/liquid flow sensor is also added to detect the flow magnitude and direction that can be applied to heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC), local and national security within subway systems, and medical equipment. The hardware design of the flow sensor included one heating element and two sensing elements to detect the bi-directional flow. Platinum sensors were found to be of high sensitivity and linear characteristics within 0℃ to 100℃ range, and their high temperature coefficient (0.00385 Ω/Ω/℃). Polyimide thin film heater was used as the heating element due to its high throughput and good thermal efficiency. Two bridge circuits were also designed to sense the temperature distribution in the vicinity of the sensing elements. Three high precision instrumentation low power amplifiers with offset voltage ~2.5 μV (50 μV max) were used for the overall design. The system security is also enhanced with the detection of poison gas using Carbon Nanotube devices (CNT). An antenna system was designed, and a frequency shift was detected to designate the type of poison gas used for a general threat.展开更多
文摘Microprocessors such as those found in PCs and smartphones are complex in their design and nature.In recent years,an increasing number of security vulnerabilities have been found within these microprocessors that can leak sensitive user data and information.This report will investigate microarchitecture vulnerabilities focusing on the Spectre and Meltdown exploits and will look at what they do,how they do it and,the real-world impact these vulnerabilities can cause.Additionally,there will be an introduction to the basic concepts of how several PC components operate to support this.
文摘This paper introduces a SF vector control system of a slip frequency controlled induction mo-tor with simple structure,fair performance and convenient operation.It is realized by two singlechip microprocessors and fed from SPWM-GTR inverter.The whole system is combined by twosubsystems,both of them are 8031 single chip microprocessors.The communication between themis coordinated by the full duplex serial port within the chip and ask-and-answer communicationmanner.The error-corrected means adopted has improved the operation reliability of the system.A series of experimental results on a 3 kW induction motor are given at the end of this paper.
基金The High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA01Z226)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei (No.2007ABD002)the Ministry of Education-INTEL Information Technology Foundation (No.MOE-INTEL-08-05)
文摘We propose a novel scheme, called on-line cache resizing (OCR), to dynamically resize the cache and meet the size requirement of each application. At each periodic interval, the scheme gathers the cache hit-miss statistics at runtime using an extra tag array. These executing statistics serve as inputs to an analytical model of cache energy. The scheme uses energy as a primary metric to dynamically increase/decrease the number of active cache ways for the next interval. The scheme minimizes the active cache size to save energy with minimal performance loss. The simulation with SPEC 2000 benchmarks shows that OCR results in an average of 38.4% energy saving compared with fixed-size caches, with only 2.0% performance loss.
基金The Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,provided funding for this research through the Research Grant“An Intelligent 4IR Mobile Technology for Express Bus Safety System Scheme DCP-2017-020/2”.
文摘One of the major causes of road accidents is sleepy drivers.Such accidents typically result in fatalities and financial losses and disadvantage other road users.Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the driver’s sleepiness and integrate it into a warning system.Most studies have examined how the mouth and eyelids move.However,this limits the system’s ability to identify drowsiness traits.Therefore,this study designed an Accident Detection Framework(RPK)that could be used to reduce road accidents due to sleepiness and detect the location of accidents.The drowsiness detectionmodel used three facial parameters:Yawning,closed eyes(blinking),and an upright head position.This model used a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)consisting of two phases.The initial phase involves video processing and facial landmark coordinate detection.The second phase involves developing the extraction of frame-based features using normalization methods.All these phases used OpenCV and TensorFlow.The dataset contained 5017 images with 874 open eyes images,850 closed eyes images,723 open-mouth images,725 closed-mouth images,761 sleepy-head images,and 1084 non-sleepy head images.The dataset of 5017 images was divided into the training set with 4505 images and the testing set with 512 images,with a ratio of 90:10.The results showed that the RPK design could detect sleepiness by using deep learning techniques with high accuracy on all three parameters;namely 98%for eye blinking,96%for mouth yawning,and 97%for head movement.Overall,the test results have provided an overview of how the developed RPK prototype can accurately identify drowsy drivers.These findings will have a significant impact on the improvement of road users’safety and mobility.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholar under Grant No. 60325205 the National High Technology Development 863 Program of China under Grants No. 2002AA110010, No. 2005AA110010 No. 2005AA119020, and the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China under Grant No. 2005CB321600.
文摘It can be observed from looking backward that processor architecture is improved through spirally shifting from simple to complex and from complex to simple. Nowadays we are facing another shifting from complex to simple, and new innovative architecture will emerge to utilize the continuously increasing transistor budgets. The growing importance of wire delays, changing workloads, power consumption, and design/verification complexity will drive the forthcoming era of Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs). Furthermore, typical CMP projects both from industries and from academics are investigated. Through going into depths for some primary theoretical and implementation problems of CMPs, the great challenges and opportunities to future CMPs are presented and discussed. Finally, the Godson series microprocessors designed in China are introduced.
文摘An experimental system is developed for the transient radiation effects testing of an anti-radiation hardened processor. Based on this system, the transient radiation effects in a microprocessor based on SPARC-V8 architecture was investigated. The dose-rate-soft-error index parameters of the processor were determined according to the test results, as were the influences on the function and timing parameters of the processor. The power supply balance is affected, which caused the system to reset and be the main source of soft errors. The results showed the circuit recovery time is primarily determined by the internal PLL, while the core power and the output-low-IO ports are more sensitive to the transient dose rate effect. The power-integrity-hardened design is proposed to mitigate the transient radiation effect.
文摘In this work we describe a reconstruction algorithm for zero-order hold (ZOH) waveforms measured by a parallel sam-pling scheme. In the method the ZOH signal is fed to a parallel network consisting of resistor-capacitor (RC) filters, whose outputs are sampled simultaneously. The algorithm reconstructs N previous samples of the input signal from output samples of N parallel RC circuits. The method is especially useful in sampling and reconstruction of the ZOH signals produced by the digital-to-analog converters. Using the parallel sampling method the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converters can be increased by a factor of N. We discuss a variety of applications such as reconstruction of ZOH pulse sequences produced by ultra wide band (UWB) transmitters.
文摘This paper discusses needs for the automation of the underdevelopment communities.The novelty of this research is the link between production of microprocessors and increasing of the life quality.This study highlights the importance of efficient and economic architecture of logical circuits for the automation.The aim of this research is to produce a logical circuit,which includes suitable gates.The circuit will be embedded in the automatic devices as a microprocessor to cause programmed functions.This research reports analytically a workshop method to build the circuit.It uses an assembly card and required gates.Then,it suggests certain VHDL codes to drive a motor.The workshop presents the configuration schemes and connection board for every gate.In addition,it shows a schematic wiring diagram of the circuit.Finally,the economic analysis proves the mass production of the circuit will enhance the automation and consequently the quality of life.The outcome of this research is a helpful experience to the engineers,manufacturers and students of the relevant disciplines to resolve the inequality in the use of the modern technologies.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61432016 and No.61521092)the Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRWXH-2017-1)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDC05020000).
文摘This paper presents a 1.2 V high accuracy thermal sensor analog front-end circuit with 7 probes placed around the microprocessor chip.This analog front-end consists of a BGR(bandgap reference),a DEM(dynamic element matching)control,and probes.The BGR generates the voltages linear changed with temperature,which are followed by the data read out circuits.The superior accuracy of the BGR’s output voltage is a key factor for sensors fabricated via the FinFET digital process.Here,a 4-stage folded current bias structure is proposed,to increase DC accuracy and confer immunity against FinFET process variation due to limited device length and low current bias.At the same time,DEM is also adopted,so as to filter out current branch mismatches.Having been fabricated via a 12 nm FinFET CMOS process,200 chips were tested.The measurement results demonstrate that these analog front-end circuits can work steadily below 1.2 V,and a less than 3.1%3σ-accuracy level is achieved.Temperature stability is 0.088 mV/℃across a range from-40 to 130℃.
基金State Natural Science Foundation of China (49704050) and the key Project during the ninth Five-Year Plan from China Seismological Bureau (95-04-0203).
文摘The mainstream embedded resolutions widely adopted in the geophysical observation device are discussed in this paper. The advantages and its applicability of the PC104 embedded module are demonstrated through its performance description, technique development and its applications in the design of the fluxgate magnetometer, the movable seismograph and the GPS steering device.
基金Supported by Research Project of Henan Science and Technology Foundation(0124110209,0211061900).
文摘A new kind of simple and flexible CO2 welding system was developed to carry out waveform control. The system consisted of IGBT inverter, PWM circuit and microprocessor unit ( MPU) , in which the output current of constant current (CC) power supply could be changed according to transient physical state, and the variable down slope rate control could be used to ensure a stable welding process. The welding experiment results proved the effectiveness of this control approach.
文摘The article discusses the possibility of further modernization of the standard microprocessor relay protection of AC overhead system feeders DPA-27.5-TNF, which is operated on the Trans-Baikal Railway by creating an additional automated system of unified templates necessary for the occurrence of “trainability” elements. The templates will be formed via a separate dedicated channel for transmission, processing and storage of the necessary information, not related to the operation of the terminal, with its subsequent visualization at the workplace of the duty personnel of traction substations, together with information from the “GID” software received via another dedicated wired channel. With the help of such a base of unified preset templates, in the future, it will be possible not only to identify the specific causes of each emergency shutdown but also to reduce their number by dynamically adjusting the existing presets of the standard operation algorithm.
文摘In this paper, the construction and performance of the microprocessor-based multi-chan-nel digital thermometric instrument together with its deisgn and fabrication are systematicallydescribed. The principle, method and practical softwares for the entire reference-junction com-pensation processing by microcomputer and the linearization of the characteristic ofthermocouples are also exhaustively expounded with a detailed analysis of the error existing inthe thermometric instrument. The practiced result shows that the apparatus is featured with asimple construction, high accuracy and high ability of anti-disturbance. It is proved to be ofpractical value.
文摘In this paper the authors present an analysis and the implementation of microprocessor-baseddigital phase-locked loop speed control system for an induction motor which is actuated by aSPWM-GTR inverter.The system is controlled by a 16-bit single chip microprocessor.A new type of frequency and phase detector is presented in detail,An adaptive method isadopted in speed controller.A three mode control scheme is used.These techniques are very use-ful to the improvement of the dynamic behavior of digital AC motor drive system.Experimental results show that the system is of good stability,high precision and good dynam-ic performance.
文摘This paper presents the design idea and implementation of a real time multiprocess executivededicated to a distributed computer control system(abbreviated as DCCS),RTEX.The hostprecessor is an INTEL 8344 microcontroller proper for mini size industrial control work station.A real time executive is designed to provide a friendly environment for users to develop their ownapplied software.In consideration of reliability and ease of maintenance the executive is imple-mented by a hierarchical structure with eight layers which include user applied programs,net-work communication,real time clock manager,interprocess communication,processcoordination,process manager,memory manager,hardware.For practical purpose the networkcommunication software is implemented by four layers,namely physical,datalink,transport andapplication.The bottom two layers are designed according to the Bit Bus protocol,so that thework station is compatible with the INTEL distributed system.Three parts,the kernel,networkcommunication and facilities for system initialization and applied software development are in-cluded.
文摘In order to testify and examine the ability and correctness of an expert system for diagnosing the faults in the electrical power system of a certain kind of satellite, the authors have developed a simulated testbed according to the operational principle of the electrical power system. This paper takes the solar battery array as an instance to introduce the designing principle of its hardware circuits, and presents the methods to design the interface and the software program of the single-chip microprocessor system. The software scheme of the upper computer is introduced at the end of this paper. It has been proved that this simulated system could effectively achieve the complete functions coupled with the simple design by using of various mature techniques in the fields of electronic circuits, single-chip microprocessor and numerical emulation.
文摘This paper presents a modified multi-resolution telescopic search algorithm (MRTlcSA) for the block-matching motion estimation. A novel inverse telescopic search is substituted for the conventional telescopic search, that reduces the on-chip memory size and memory bandwidth for VLSI implementation. In addition, strategies of motion track and adaptive search window are applied to reduce the computational complexity of motion estimation. Simulation results show that, compared with the MRTleSA, the proposed algorithm reduces the computational load to only 30% while preserving almost the same image quality. Comparisons on hardware cost and power consumption of the VLSI implementations using the two algorithms are also presented in the paper.
文摘An integrated sensor system is implemented using inter-integrated circuit mode (I2C) software, utilizing the PIC182585 MPLAB embedded control system utilizing hardware. The hardware implementation features high level of integration, reliability, high precision, and high speed communications. The system was demonstrated by temperature and CO2 sensors. An extension for Zigbee system is proposed to enhance the security of the integrated system. A bi-directional air/liquid flow sensor is also added to detect the flow magnitude and direction that can be applied to heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC), local and national security within subway systems, and medical equipment. The hardware design of the flow sensor included one heating element and two sensing elements to detect the bi-directional flow. Platinum sensors were found to be of high sensitivity and linear characteristics within 0℃ to 100℃ range, and their high temperature coefficient (0.00385 Ω/Ω/℃). Polyimide thin film heater was used as the heating element due to its high throughput and good thermal efficiency. Two bridge circuits were also designed to sense the temperature distribution in the vicinity of the sensing elements. Three high precision instrumentation low power amplifiers with offset voltage ~2.5 μV (50 μV max) were used for the overall design. The system security is also enhanced with the detection of poison gas using Carbon Nanotube devices (CNT). An antenna system was designed, and a frequency shift was detected to designate the type of poison gas used for a general threat.