Photoacoustic microscopy(PAM),due to its deep penetration depth and high contrast,is playing an increasingly important role in biomedical imaging.PAM imaging systems equipped with conventional ultrasound transducers h...Photoacoustic microscopy(PAM),due to its deep penetration depth and high contrast,is playing an increasingly important role in biomedical imaging.PAM imaging systems equipped with conventional ultrasound transducers have demonstrated excellent imaging performance.However,these opaque ultrasonic transducers bring some constraints to the further development and application of PAM,such as complex optical path,bulky size,and difficult to integrate with other modalities.To overcome these problems,ultrasonic transducers with high optical transparency have appeared.At present,transparent ultrasonic transducers are divided into optical-based and acoustic-based sensors.In this paper,we mainly describe the acoustic-based piezoelectric transparent transducers in detail,of which the research advances in PAM applications are reviewed.In addition,the potential challenges and developments of transparent transducers in PAM are also demonstrated.展开更多
Single-cell volumetric imaging is essential for researching individual characteristics of cells.As a nonscanning imaging technique,lighteld microscopy(LFM)is a critical tool to achieve realtime three-dimensional imagi...Single-cell volumetric imaging is essential for researching individual characteristics of cells.As a nonscanning imaging technique,lighteld microscopy(LFM)is a critical tool to achieve realtime three-dimensional imaging with the advantage of single-shot.To address the inherent limits including nonuniform resolution and block-wise artifacts,various modied LFM strategies have been developed to provide new insights into the structural and functional information of cells.This review will introduce the principle and development of LFM,discuss the improved approaches based on hardware designs and 3D reconstruction algorithms,and present the applications in single-cell imaging.展开更多
Hafnium zirconium oxides(HZO),which exhibit ferroelectric properties,are promising materials for nanoscale device fabrication due to their high complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) compatibility.In addition t...Hafnium zirconium oxides(HZO),which exhibit ferroelectric properties,are promising materials for nanoscale device fabrication due to their high complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) compatibility.In addition to piezoelectricity,ferroelectricity,and flexoelectricity,this study reports the observation of ferroelasticity using piezoelectric force microscopy(PFM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM).The dynamics of 90° ferroelastic domains in HZO thin films are investigated under the influence of an electric field.Switching of the retentive domains is observed through repeated wake-up measurements.This study presents a possibility of enhancing polarization in HZO thin films during wake-up processes.展开更多
Heterogeneous catalysts are the most important catalysts in industrial reactions. Nanocatalysts, with size ranging from hundreds of nanometers to the atomic scale, possess activities that are closely connected to thei...Heterogeneous catalysts are the most important catalysts in industrial reactions. Nanocatalysts, with size ranging from hundreds of nanometers to the atomic scale, possess activities that are closely connected to their structural characteristics such as particle size, surface morphology, and three-dimensional topography. Recently, the development of advanced analytical transmission electron microscopy（TEM） techniques, especially quantitative high-angle annular darkfield（HAADF） imaging and high-energy resolution spectroscopy analysis in scanning transmission electron microscopy（STEM） at the atomic scale, strengthens the power of（S）TEM in analyzing the structural/chemical information of heterogeneous catalysts. Three-dimensional reconstruction from two-dimensional projected images and the real-time recording of structural evolution during catalytic reactions using in-situ（S）TEM methods further broaden the scope of（S）TEM observation. The atomic-scale structural information obtained from high-resolution（S）TEM has proven to be of significance for better understanding and designing of new catalysts with enhanced performance.展开更多
The microstructure of(CrFe)_7C_3 has been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy.It shows that a carbide consists of colonies which are full of stacking faults. The stacking faults in one colony are parallel while...The microstructure of(CrFe)_7C_3 has been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy.It shows that a carbide consists of colonies which are full of stacking faults. The stacking faults in one colony are parallel while those in different colonies lie at angle with each other.展开更多
We report three-dimensional fluorescence emission difference(3D-FED)microscopy using a spatial light modulator(SLM).Zero phase,0–2vortex phase and binary 0-pi phase are loaded on the SLM to generate the correspondin...We report three-dimensional fluorescence emission difference(3D-FED)microscopy using a spatial light modulator(SLM).Zero phase,0–2vortex phase and binary 0-pi phase are loaded on the SLM to generate the corresponding solid,doughnut and z-axis hollow excitation spot,respectively.Our technique achieves super-resolved image by subtracting three di®erently acquired images with proper subtractive factors.Detailed theoretical analysis and simulation tests are proceeded to testify the performance of 3D-FED.Also,the improvement of lateral and axial resolution is demonstrated by imaging 100 nm°uorescent beads.The experiment yields lateral resolution of 140 nm and axial resolution of approximate 380 nm.展开更多
Dinoflagellates nuclei allow for liquid crystalline characterization without core histones. In this study, nuclei were isolated from the athecate Karenia dinoflagellate species with minimum destruction to their native...Dinoflagellates nuclei allow for liquid crystalline characterization without core histones. In this study, nuclei were isolated from the athecate Karenia dinoflagellate species with minimum destruction to their native structure during preparation procedures. The liquid crystalline nuclei were studied by microscopy techniques of Metripol birefringence microscopy, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and synchrotron radiation-based hard X-ray Microscopy with computed tomography, respectively. The 3D reconstruction techniques of hard X-ray tomography and CLSM were also discussed. The important biophysical parameters of the interspaces between chromosomes, nuclear surface areas and chromosome-occupied volumes were calculated from a 3D rendering of a reconstructed nucleus. The results of calculated average chromosomal DNA concentration of dinoflagellate was consistent with the concentration which can spontaneously assemble into the cholesteric liquid crystal phase in vitro.展开更多
We perform molecular beam epitaxy growth and scanning tunneling microscopy study of copper diselenide （CuSe2 ） films on SrTiO3 （001）. Using a Se-rich condition, the single-phase pyrite CuSe2 grows in the Stranski-...We perform molecular beam epitaxy growth and scanning tunneling microscopy study of copper diselenide （CuSe2 ） films on SrTiO3 （001）. Using a Se-rich condition, the single-phase pyrite CuSe2 grows in the Stranski-Krastanov （layer-plus-island） mode with a preferential orientation of （111）. Our careful inspection of both the as-grown and post-annealed CuSe2 films at various temperatures invariably shows a Cu-terminated surface, which, depending on the annealing temperature, reconstructs into two distinct structures 2 ×√3 and √x ×√3-R30°. The Cu termi- nation is supported by the depressed density of states near the Fermi level, measured by in-situ low temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Our study helps understand the preparation and surface chemistry of transition metal pyrite dichalcogenides thin films.展开更多
This paper introduces a methodology of characterization of nanostructured systems in which trans- mission electron microscopy is used as a central element of the study. Experimental studies of HREM are performed in pa...This paper introduces a methodology of characterization of nanostructured systems in which trans- mission electron microscopy is used as a central element of the study. Experimental studies of HREM are performed in parallel with studies in the Simula TEM program to stimulate high-resolution images and diffraction patterns. To confirm the accuracy of the results, studies of X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed. In order to illustrate the methodology, bismuth oxide Bi2O3 nanoparticles are synthesized by a method of biosynthesis because this sample is rich in structural information.展开更多
Multiphoton microscopy(MPM)is a powerful imaging technology for brain research.The imaging depth in MPM is partly determined by emission wavelength of fluorescent labels.It has been demonstrated that a longer emission...Multiphoton microscopy(MPM)is a powerful imaging technology for brain research.The imaging depth in MPM is partly determined by emission wavelength of fluorescent labels.It has been demonstrated that a longer emission wavelength is favorable for signal detection as imaging depth increases.However,there has been no comparison with near-infrared(NIR)emission.In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of emission wavelength on 3-photon imaging of mouse brains in vivo,we utilize the same excitation wavelength to excite a single fluorescent dye and simultaneously collect NIR and orange-red emission fluorescence at 828 nm and 620 nm,respectively.Both experimental and simulation results show that as the imaging depth increases,NIR emission decays less than orange-red fluorescent emission.These results show that it is preferable to shift the emission wavelength to NIR to enable more e±cient signal collection deep in the brain.展开更多
BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty is a common surgical treatment for elderly patients with osteoporosis,particularly in postmenopausal women.In such cases,highly porous acetabular components are a favorable option in ...BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty is a common surgical treatment for elderly patients with osteoporosis,particularly in postmenopausal women.In such cases,highly porous acetabular components are a favorable option in achieving osseointegration.However,further discussion is needed if use of such acetabular components is justified under the condition of normal bone mass.AIM To determine the features of osseointegration of two different types of titanium implants[3-dimensional(3D)-printed and plasma-coated titanium implants]in bone tissue of a distal metaphysis in a rat femur model.METHODS This study was performed on 20 white male laboratory rats weighing 300-350 g aged 6 mo.Rats were divided into two groups of 10 animals,which had two different types of implants were inserted into a hole defect(2×3 mm)in the distal metaphysis of the femur:GroupⅠ:3D-printed titanium implant(highly porous);GroupⅡ:Plasma-coated titanium implant.After 45 and 90 d following surgery,the rats were sacrificed,and their implanted femurs were extracted for histological examination.The relative perimeter(%)of bone trabeculae[bone-implant contact(BIC%)]and bone marrow surrounding the titanium implants was measured.RESULTS Trabecular bone tissue was formed on the 45th day after implantation around the implants regardless of their type.45 d after surgery,group I(3D-printed titanium implant)and groupⅡ(plasma-coated titanium implant)did not differ in BIC%(83.51±8.5 vs 84.12±1.73;P=0.838).After 90 d,the BIC%was higher in group I(87.04±6.99 vs 81.24±7.62;P=0.049),compared to groupⅡ.The relative perimeter of the bone marrow after 45 d did not differ between groups and was 16.49%±8.58%for groupⅠ,and 15.88%±1.73%for groupⅡ.Futhermore,after 90 d,in groupⅠthe relative perimeter of bone marrow was 1.4 times smaller(12.96±6.99 vs 18.76±7.62;P=0.049)compared to the relative perimeter of bone marrow in groupⅡ.CONCLUSION The use of a highly porous titanium implant,manufactured with 3D printing,for acetabular components provides increased osseointegration compared to a plasma-coated titanium implant.展开更多
基金supported by Guangdong Province Introduction of Innovative R&D Team(2016ZT06G375)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11804059,62205070 and 11664011).
文摘Photoacoustic microscopy(PAM),due to its deep penetration depth and high contrast,is playing an increasingly important role in biomedical imaging.PAM imaging systems equipped with conventional ultrasound transducers have demonstrated excellent imaging performance.However,these opaque ultrasonic transducers bring some constraints to the further development and application of PAM,such as complex optical path,bulky size,and difficult to integrate with other modalities.To overcome these problems,ultrasonic transducers with high optical transparency have appeared.At present,transparent ultrasonic transducers are divided into optical-based and acoustic-based sensors.In this paper,we mainly describe the acoustic-based piezoelectric transparent transducers in detail,of which the research advances in PAM applications are reviewed.In addition,the potential challenges and developments of transparent transducers in PAM are also demonstrated.
基金This paper was supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation grants(JCYJ20200109115633343,JCYJ20210324123610030).
文摘Single-cell volumetric imaging is essential for researching individual characteristics of cells.As a nonscanning imaging technique,lighteld microscopy(LFM)is a critical tool to achieve realtime three-dimensional imaging with the advantage of single-shot.To address the inherent limits including nonuniform resolution and block-wise artifacts,various modied LFM strategies have been developed to provide new insights into the structural and functional information of cells.This review will introduce the principle and development of LFM,discuss the improved approaches based on hardware designs and 3D reconstruction algorithms,and present the applications in single-cell imaging.
基金Project supported by the the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1402902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12074119, 12204171, 12134003, and 12374145)+1 种基金the Chenguang Program Foundation of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, ECNU (East China Normal University) Multifunctional Platform for Innovation (006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Hafnium zirconium oxides(HZO),which exhibit ferroelectric properties,are promising materials for nanoscale device fabrication due to their high complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) compatibility.In addition to piezoelectricity,ferroelectricity,and flexoelectricity,this study reports the observation of ferroelasticity using piezoelectric force microscopy(PFM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM).The dynamics of 90° ferroelastic domains in HZO thin films are investigated under the influence of an electric field.Switching of the retentive domains is observed through repeated wake-up measurements.This study presents a possibility of enhancing polarization in HZO thin films during wake-up processes.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51622211)the Pioneer Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Heterogeneous catalysts are the most important catalysts in industrial reactions. Nanocatalysts, with size ranging from hundreds of nanometers to the atomic scale, possess activities that are closely connected to their structural characteristics such as particle size, surface morphology, and three-dimensional topography. Recently, the development of advanced analytical transmission electron microscopy（TEM） techniques, especially quantitative high-angle annular darkfield（HAADF） imaging and high-energy resolution spectroscopy analysis in scanning transmission electron microscopy（STEM） at the atomic scale, strengthens the power of（S）TEM in analyzing the structural/chemical information of heterogeneous catalysts. Three-dimensional reconstruction from two-dimensional projected images and the real-time recording of structural evolution during catalytic reactions using in-situ（S）TEM methods further broaden the scope of（S）TEM observation. The atomic-scale structural information obtained from high-resolution（S）TEM has proven to be of significance for better understanding and designing of new catalysts with enhanced performance.
文摘The microstructure of(CrFe)_7C_3 has been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy.It shows that a carbide consists of colonies which are full of stacking faults. The stacking faults in one colony are parallel while those in different colonies lie at angle with each other.
基金This work was financially supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(No.2015CB352003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61377013,61335003,61378051,and 61427818)+1 种基金NSFC of Zhejiang province LR16F050001,Innovation Joint Research Center for iCPS (2015XZZX005-01)Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation.
文摘We report three-dimensional fluorescence emission difference(3D-FED)microscopy using a spatial light modulator(SLM).Zero phase,0–2vortex phase and binary 0-pi phase are loaded on the SLM to generate the corresponding solid,doughnut and z-axis hollow excitation spot,respectively.Our technique achieves super-resolved image by subtracting three di®erently acquired images with proper subtractive factors.Detailed theoretical analysis and simulation tests are proceeded to testify the performance of 3D-FED.Also,the improvement of lateral and axial resolution is demonstrated by imaging 100 nm°uorescent beads.The experiment yields lateral resolution of 140 nm and axial resolution of approximate 380 nm.
文摘Dinoflagellates nuclei allow for liquid crystalline characterization without core histones. In this study, nuclei were isolated from the athecate Karenia dinoflagellate species with minimum destruction to their native structure during preparation procedures. The liquid crystalline nuclei were studied by microscopy techniques of Metripol birefringence microscopy, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and synchrotron radiation-based hard X-ray Microscopy with computed tomography, respectively. The 3D reconstruction techniques of hard X-ray tomography and CLSM were also discussed. The important biophysical parameters of the interspaces between chromosomes, nuclear surface areas and chromosome-occupied volumes were calculated from a 3D rendering of a reconstructed nucleus. The results of calculated average chromosomal DNA concentration of dinoflagellate was consistent with the concentration which can spontaneously assemble into the cholesteric liquid crystal phase in vitro.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11374336 and 61176078
文摘We perform molecular beam epitaxy growth and scanning tunneling microscopy study of copper diselenide （CuSe2 ） films on SrTiO3 （001）. Using a Se-rich condition, the single-phase pyrite CuSe2 grows in the Stranski-Krastanov （layer-plus-island） mode with a preferential orientation of （111）. Our careful inspection of both the as-grown and post-annealed CuSe2 films at various temperatures invariably shows a Cu-terminated surface, which, depending on the annealing temperature, reconstructs into two distinct structures 2 ×√3 and √x ×√3-R30°. The Cu termi- nation is supported by the depressed density of states near the Fermi level, measured by in-situ low temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Our study helps understand the preparation and surface chemistry of transition metal pyrite dichalcogenides thin films.
文摘This paper introduces a methodology of characterization of nanostructured systems in which trans- mission electron microscopy is used as a central element of the study. Experimental studies of HREM are performed in parallel with studies in the Simula TEM program to stimulate high-resolution images and diffraction patterns. To confirm the accuracy of the results, studies of X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed. In order to illustrate the methodology, bismuth oxide Bi2O3 nanoparticles are synthesized by a method of biosynthesis because this sample is rich in structural information.
基金work is funded by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(Grant/Award Numbers 62075135 and 61975126)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(ZDSYS2021-0623092006020)+2 种基金Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(Grant Number 2021CXGC010202)the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(Grant/Award Numbers JCYJ201908-08174819083 and JCYJ20190808175201640)and Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Number ZR2022MA046)Major Innovation Projects for Integrating Science,Education&Industry of Qilu University of Technology(Shan-dong Academy of Sciences,Grant Number 2022JBZ01-04).
文摘Multiphoton microscopy(MPM)is a powerful imaging technology for brain research.The imaging depth in MPM is partly determined by emission wavelength of fluorescent labels.It has been demonstrated that a longer emission wavelength is favorable for signal detection as imaging depth increases.However,there has been no comparison with near-infrared(NIR)emission.In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of emission wavelength on 3-photon imaging of mouse brains in vivo,we utilize the same excitation wavelength to excite a single fluorescent dye and simultaneously collect NIR and orange-red emission fluorescence at 828 nm and 620 nm,respectively.Both experimental and simulation results show that as the imaging depth increases,NIR emission decays less than orange-red fluorescent emission.These results show that it is preferable to shift the emission wavelength to NIR to enable more e±cient signal collection deep in the brain.
文摘BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty is a common surgical treatment for elderly patients with osteoporosis,particularly in postmenopausal women.In such cases,highly porous acetabular components are a favorable option in achieving osseointegration.However,further discussion is needed if use of such acetabular components is justified under the condition of normal bone mass.AIM To determine the features of osseointegration of two different types of titanium implants[3-dimensional(3D)-printed and plasma-coated titanium implants]in bone tissue of a distal metaphysis in a rat femur model.METHODS This study was performed on 20 white male laboratory rats weighing 300-350 g aged 6 mo.Rats were divided into two groups of 10 animals,which had two different types of implants were inserted into a hole defect(2×3 mm)in the distal metaphysis of the femur:GroupⅠ:3D-printed titanium implant(highly porous);GroupⅡ:Plasma-coated titanium implant.After 45 and 90 d following surgery,the rats were sacrificed,and their implanted femurs were extracted for histological examination.The relative perimeter(%)of bone trabeculae[bone-implant contact(BIC%)]and bone marrow surrounding the titanium implants was measured.RESULTS Trabecular bone tissue was formed on the 45th day after implantation around the implants regardless of their type.45 d after surgery,group I(3D-printed titanium implant)and groupⅡ(plasma-coated titanium implant)did not differ in BIC%(83.51±8.5 vs 84.12±1.73;P=0.838).After 90 d,the BIC%was higher in group I(87.04±6.99 vs 81.24±7.62;P=0.049),compared to groupⅡ.The relative perimeter of the bone marrow after 45 d did not differ between groups and was 16.49%±8.58%for groupⅠ,and 15.88%±1.73%for groupⅡ.Futhermore,after 90 d,in groupⅠthe relative perimeter of bone marrow was 1.4 times smaller(12.96±6.99 vs 18.76±7.62;P=0.049)compared to the relative perimeter of bone marrow in groupⅡ.CONCLUSION The use of a highly porous titanium implant,manufactured with 3D printing,for acetabular components provides increased osseointegration compared to a plasma-coated titanium implant.
