Hot ductility of DSS and its microstructure observation during hot deformation

selecting several typical DSS 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N,00Cr21Ni2Mn5N and 00Cr25Ni7Mo4N as research materials,hot ductility characteristic of DSS was studied and microstructure evolution during hot compression was observed.The results show that the optimum hot ductility temperature range of DSS is 1 050~1 200℃.00Cr25Ni7Mc4N exhibits the worst hot ductility and 00Cr21Ni2Mn5N has similar hot ductility to 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N.During hot compression,austenite of DSS mainly occurs dynamic recovery,the ferrite of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N,00Cr21Ni2Mn5N can perform dynamic recovery and recrystallization,but only dynamic recovery can be observed in the ferrite of 00Cr25Ni7Mo4N.

Preparation of Dashanzha Wan by three-dimensional printing

Objective:To use three-dimensional(3D)printing technology to prepare Dashanzha Wan.Methods:The standard formula proportion of Dashanzha Wan was used to prepare printable materials(normally called the ink)for 3D printing,and different doses and shapes of Dashanzha Wan were prepared.Then,the rheological properties,texture characteristics,scanning electron microscopy,and content of ursolic acid were evaluated.Results:Dashanzha Wan ink showed good shear thinning properties,which is very suitable for 3D printing.The printed sample had a beautiful and regular shape with high resolution.Meanwhile,ursolic acid content in 3D-printed Dashanzha Wan aligned with the ursolic acid content shown in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020.Conclusion:The 3D-printed Dashanzha Wan has a better texture,and can be shaped into various shapes according to individual needs,which would increase patients’interest when taking medicine.Moreover,3D printing of Dashanzha Wan could be easily integrated into the digital life system,enabling online customization or use at home.This study reveals that 3D printing technology is a promising method for the production of traditional Chinese medicine with personalized appearance,dosage,and texture,which is suitable for a broader population.

Turbulent dissipation and mixing in Prydz Bay

In this paper, we present measurements of velocity, temperature, salinity, and turbulence collected in Prydz Bay, Antarctica, during February, 2005. The dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy （e） and diapycnal diffusivities （Ks） were estimated along a section in front of the Amery Ice Shelf. The dissipation rates and diapycnal diffusivities were spatially non-uniform, with higher values found in the western half of the section where E reached 10.7 W/kg and Kz reached 10.2 mVs, about two and three orders of magnitude higher than those in the open ocean, respectively. In the western half of the section both the dissipation rates and diffusivities showed a high-low-high vertical structure. This vertical structure may have been determined by internal waves in the upper layer, where the ice shelf draft acts as a possible energy source, and by bottom-generated internal waves in the lower layer, where both tides and geostrophic currents are possible energy sources. The intense diapycnal mixing revealed in our observations could contribute to the production of Antarctic Bottom Water in Prydz Bay.

Tides and Turbulent Mixing in the North of Taiwan Island

Microstructure and hydrological profiles were collected along two cross-shelf sections from the deep slope to the shallow water in the north of Taiwan Island in the summer of 2006.While the tidal currents on the shelf were dominated by the barotropic tide with the current ellipse stretched across the shelf,significant internal tides were observed on the slope.The depth-mean turbulent kinetic energy(TKE)dissipation rate on the shelf was 10^-6W kg^-1,corresponding to a diapycnal diffusivity of 10^-2 m^2s^-1.The depth-mean TKE dissipation rate on the slope was 1×10^-7 Wkg^-1,with diapycnal diffusivity of 3×10^-4m^2s^-1.The shear instability associated with internal tides largely contributed to the TKE dissipation rate on the slope from the surface to 150 m,while the enhanced turbulence on the shelf was dominated by tidal or residual current dissipations caused by friction in the thick bottom boundary layer(BBL).In the BBL,the Ekman currents associated with the northeastward Taiwan Warm Current were identified,showing a near-bottom velocity spiral,which agreed well with the analytical bottom Ekman solution.

Hot Ductility of DSS and Its Microstructure Observation During Hot Deformation

By selecting several typical duplex stainless steels （DSS）, i. e. , 00Cr22NiSMo3N, 00Cr21Ni2MnSN and 00Cr25NiTMo4N, as research materials, hot ductility characteristic of DSS was studied by thermal simulation meth-od and microstructure evolution during hot compression was observed through TEM. The results show that the opti-mum hot ductility temperature range of DSS is 1050-1200 ℃. 00Cr25NiTMo4N exhibits the worst hot ductility and 00Cr21Ni2MnSN has similar hot ductility to 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N. During hot compression, the dynamic recovery of austenite occurs in DSS while the dynamic recovery and recrystallization of ferrite take place in 00Cr22NiSMo3N and 00Cr21Ni2MnSN, but only the dynamic recovery of ferrite can be observed in 00Cr25Ni7Mo4N.

In-situ microstructural evolutions of 5Mn steel at elevated temperature in a transmission electron microscope

The microstructural evolutions of 5Mn steel during various heat treatments have been investiga- ted by in-situ transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The specimen of 5Mn steel was pre- pared using focused ion beam （FIB） milling, which allowed the selection of specific morphology of interest prior to the in-situ observation, The complete austenization at 800 ℃ was verified at the atomic scale by minimizing thermal expansion and sample drift in a heating holder based on micro-electro-mechanical-systems. During annealing at 650 ℃, the formation of reverted austen- ite was dynamically observed, while the morphologies of austenite laths of 5Mn steel after in-situ heating were quite similar to that after ex-situ intereritical annealing. During annealing at 500 ℃, the morphological evolution of cementite and associated Mn diffusion were investigated. It was demonstrated that a combination of FIB sampling and high temperature in-situ TEM enables us to probe the morphological evolution and elemental diffusion of specific areas of interest in steel at high spatial resolution.

Simulation and verification of core–shell MC carbide design in Fe–C–Ni–V–Ti steel

Thermodynamic theory was used to calculate the formation temperature and site fraction of MC carbides in Fe–C–Ni–V–Ti system.The calculation results showed the theoretical formation conditions of core–shell MC carbides.One-step and two-step heat treatment processes were used in Fe–C–Ni–V–Ti alloy to,respectively,obtain homogeneous and core–shell MC carbides,which was consistent with the thermodynamic calculation results.The transmission electron microscopy observations showed that the core–shell MC carbide obtained by the two-step heat treatment process contained homogeneous(Ti,V)C as the core and basically VC as the shell.The mechanical test results proved that compared with homogeneous MC carbides,core–shell MC carbides could improve the basic mechanical properties of the alloy because VC shell greatly increased the bonding strength and separation work of Fe/MC interface.Thus,the core–shell MC carbide with a VC shell structure can be a better grain refiner and can be used in steels with a high standard of fracture toughness.