Seventy-one occurrences of coronal mass ejections （CMEs） associated with radio bursts, seemingly associated with type III bursts/fine structures （FSs）, in the centimeter-metric frequency range during 2003-2005, we...Seventy-one occurrences of coronal mass ejections （CMEs） associated with radio bursts, seemingly associated with type III bursts/fine structures （FSs）, in the centimeter-metric frequency range during 2003-2005, were obtained with the spectrometers at the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences （NAOC） and the Culgoora radio spectrometer and are presented. The statistical results of 68 out of 71 events associated with the radio type III bursts or FSs during the initiation or early stages of the CMEs indicate that most CMEs contain the emissions of radio type III bursts/FSs near the time of the CME＇s onset, in spite of their fast or slow speeds. Therefore, we propose that type III bursts and FSs are possible precursors of the onset of CMEs. We stress that the radio type III bursts/FSs in the centimetermetric wavelength region and the CME transients possibly occurred in conjunction with the origin of the coronal precursor structures. Thus, the statistical results support the suggestions that type III bursts/FSs are indicators of extra energy input into the corona at the CMEs＇ onset, and that the type III bursts/FSs are produced primarily due to a coronal instability which eventually triggers the CME process. This may signify that the centimeter-metric radio bursts corresponding to or near the CME＇s onset are caused by the disturbed corona （possibly including minor magnetic reconnections）.展开更多
A theoretical model is presented. We propose that when the radiation of solar radio bursts propagates outward as a pump wave through the conora, the three-wave resonance interaction would occur if the radio emission i...A theoretical model is presented. We propose that when the radiation of solar radio bursts propagates outward as a pump wave through the conora, the three-wave resonance interaction would occur if the radio emission interacts with the MHD wave and scattering wave in the conora. This process induces a nonlinear modulation in the emission flux S. The statistical relations between the repetition rates R and S and between the modulation amplitude △S and S, observed from 1.36cm, 2cm and 3.2cm solar radio bursts could be well interpreted by this model under the conditions of imperfect matching and k2≠0. The appreciable difference in the modulation periods among the 2cm, 3.2cm and 1.36cm waves might be caused by the differences in the MHD waves joining in the modulation. Several theoretical expectations have been made from this model, which may be inspected in further observation.展开更多
Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. Next, we propose an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among...Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. Next, we propose an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among these empirical equations, the CMB temperature (Tc) and gravitational constant (G) were calculated to be 2.726312 K and 6.673778 × 10−11 m3∙kg−1∙s−2, respectively. Every equation can be explained numerically in terms of the Compton length of an electron (λe), the Compton length of a proton (λp) and α. Furthermore, every equation can also be explained in terms of the Avogadro number and the number of electrons at 1 C. We show that every equation can be described in terms of the Planck constant. Then, the ratio of the gravitational force to the electric force can be uniquely determined with the assumption of minimum mass. In this report, we describe the algorithms used to explain these equations in detail. Thus, there are no dimension mismatch problems.展开更多
Gravity is the only force that cannot be explained by the Standard Model (SM), the current best theory describing all the known fundamental particles and their forces. Here we reveal that gravitational force can be pr...Gravity is the only force that cannot be explained by the Standard Model (SM), the current best theory describing all the known fundamental particles and their forces. Here we reveal that gravitational force can be precisely given by mass of objects and microwave background (CMB) radiation. Moreover, using the same strategy we reveal a relation by which CMB can also precisely define fine-structure constant α.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinasupported by the National Basic Research Program of the MOST (Grant No.2011CB811403)the CAS-NSFC Key Project (Grant No. 10978006)
文摘Seventy-one occurrences of coronal mass ejections （CMEs） associated with radio bursts, seemingly associated with type III bursts/fine structures （FSs）, in the centimeter-metric frequency range during 2003-2005, were obtained with the spectrometers at the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences （NAOC） and the Culgoora radio spectrometer and are presented. The statistical results of 68 out of 71 events associated with the radio type III bursts or FSs during the initiation or early stages of the CMEs indicate that most CMEs contain the emissions of radio type III bursts/FSs near the time of the CME＇s onset, in spite of their fast or slow speeds. Therefore, we propose that type III bursts and FSs are possible precursors of the onset of CMEs. We stress that the radio type III bursts/FSs in the centimetermetric wavelength region and the CME transients possibly occurred in conjunction with the origin of the coronal precursor structures. Thus, the statistical results support the suggestions that type III bursts/FSs are indicators of extra energy input into the corona at the CMEs＇ onset, and that the type III bursts/FSs are produced primarily due to a coronal instability which eventually triggers the CME process. This may signify that the centimeter-metric radio bursts corresponding to or near the CME＇s onset are caused by the disturbed corona （possibly including minor magnetic reconnections）.
文摘A theoretical model is presented. We propose that when the radiation of solar radio bursts propagates outward as a pump wave through the conora, the three-wave resonance interaction would occur if the radio emission interacts with the MHD wave and scattering wave in the conora. This process induces a nonlinear modulation in the emission flux S. The statistical relations between the repetition rates R and S and between the modulation amplitude △S and S, observed from 1.36cm, 2cm and 3.2cm solar radio bursts could be well interpreted by this model under the conditions of imperfect matching and k2≠0. The appreciable difference in the modulation periods among the 2cm, 3.2cm and 1.36cm waves might be caused by the differences in the MHD waves joining in the modulation. Several theoretical expectations have been made from this model, which may be inspected in further observation.
文摘Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. Next, we propose an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among these empirical equations, the CMB temperature (Tc) and gravitational constant (G) were calculated to be 2.726312 K and 6.673778 × 10−11 m3∙kg−1∙s−2, respectively. Every equation can be explained numerically in terms of the Compton length of an electron (λe), the Compton length of a proton (λp) and α. Furthermore, every equation can also be explained in terms of the Avogadro number and the number of electrons at 1 C. We show that every equation can be described in terms of the Planck constant. Then, the ratio of the gravitational force to the electric force can be uniquely determined with the assumption of minimum mass. In this report, we describe the algorithms used to explain these equations in detail. Thus, there are no dimension mismatch problems.
文摘Gravity is the only force that cannot be explained by the Standard Model (SM), the current best theory describing all the known fundamental particles and their forces. Here we reveal that gravitational force can be precisely given by mass of objects and microwave background (CMB) radiation. Moreover, using the same strategy we reveal a relation by which CMB can also precisely define fine-structure constant α.
