This paper deals with the microwave focusing in the layer mediums near the antenna aperture. Based on the plane-wave spectrum theory, the relationship between the Hertz potential and the electromagnetic field is discu...This paper deals with the microwave focusing in the layer mediums near the antenna aperture. Based on the plane-wave spectrum theory, the relationship between the Hertz potential and the electromagnetic field is discussed. An approach to the description of the field distribution in the layer mediums in case of an arbitary field source is proposed. Given the focusing current distribution over the antenna aperture, the field distribution of the focal region is worked out. In describing the field distribution over the focal region, the integration of spectrum functions in the spectrum domain (kx,ky) is carried out instead of the complicated Fresnel integral. The approximations are obtained by the saddle-point integration. Comparison with experimental results demonstrates the validity of the approach.展开更多
A rapid and heterogeneous Pd/C-catalyzed atom-efficient phenylation of aryl bromides by sodium tetraphenylborate takes place under focused microwave irradiation in water. The palladium catalyst can be easily recovered...A rapid and heterogeneous Pd/C-catalyzed atom-efficient phenylation of aryl bromides by sodium tetraphenylborate takes place under focused microwave irradiation in water. The palladium catalyst can be easily recovered and reused.展开更多
Fifteen dihydropyrimidinthiones have been synthesized by microwave-assisted Biginelli reactions without any solvent or catalyst. The advantages of this novel protocol include the excellent yield, operational simplicit...Fifteen dihydropyrimidinthiones have been synthesized by microwave-assisted Biginelli reactions without any solvent or catalyst. The advantages of this novel protocol include the excellent yield, operational simplicity, short time and the avoidance of the use of organic solvents and catalysts.展开更多
ORAC method and a continuous flow injection method based on Folin-Ciocalteau reaction (FI-FC) were used for determining the antioxidant activity in extracts obtained by using focused microwaves. Analysis of the antiox...ORAC method and a continuous flow injection method based on Folin-Ciocalteau reaction (FI-FC) were used for determining the antioxidant activity in extracts obtained by using focused microwaves. Analysis of the antioxidant capacity (AC) of the main compounds of vanilla (vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid) was also carried out. Vanilla extracts obtained by using focused microwaves had a higher AC (between 72% and 117%) than the obtained by conventional methods. Vanillin had a linear correlation with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts and it is the most influential compound in the antioxidant power. The AC calculated by the ORAC method and the FI-FC method had a ratio 2:1 because of different kinetics and reaction mechanisms of the antioxidants with the reagents, so it is necessary more than one method to establish the antioxidant power in food. On base on the results of the present study microwaves energy can be used to obtain vanilla extracts to improve the AC of them.展开更多
Phase gradient metasurfaces（PGMS） offer a fascinating ability to control the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic（EM） waves on a subwavelength scale, resulting in new applications of designing novel microwav...Phase gradient metasurfaces（PGMS） offer a fascinating ability to control the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic（EM） waves on a subwavelength scale, resulting in new applications of designing novel microwave devices with improved performances. In this paper, a reflective symmetrical element, consisting of orthogonally I-shaped structures, has been demonstrated with an approximately parallel phase response from 15 GHz to 22 GHz, which results in an interesting wideband property. For practical design, a planar antenna is implemented by a well-optimized focusing metasurface and excited by a self-designed Vivaldi antenna at the focus. Numerical and experimental results coincide well. The planar antenna has a series of merits such as a wide 3-d B gain bandwidth of 15–22 GHz, an average gain enhancement of 16 d B, a comparable aperture efficiency of better than 45% at 18 GHz, and also a simple fabrication process. The proposed reflective metasurface opens up a new avenue to design wideband microwave devices.展开更多
Hyperlenses based on metamaterials can be applied to subwavelength imaging in the lightwave band. In this letter, we demonstrate both through simulations and experimentally verified results that our proposed half- cyl...Hyperlenses based on metamaterials can be applied to subwavelength imaging in the lightwave band. In this letter, we demonstrate both through simulations and experimentally verified results that our proposed half- cylindrical shaped hyperlens can be used for super-resolution microwave focusing in a TE mode. Based on split ring resonators, the hyperlens satisfies a hyperbolic dispersion relationship. Simulations demonstrate that the focused spot size and position are insensitive to the rotation angle of the hyperlens around its geometric center. Experimental results show that a focused spot size 1/3 of the vacuum wavelength is achieved in the microwave band.展开更多
Importance:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is usually accompanied by liver cirrhosis,which makes treatment of this disease challenging.Liver transplantation theoretically provides an ultimate solution to the disease,but ...Importance:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is usually accompanied by liver cirrhosis,which makes treatment of this disease challenging.Liver transplantation theoretically provides an ultimate solution to the disease,but the maximal surgical stress and the scarcity of liver graft make this treatment option impossible for some patients.In an ideal situation,a treatment that is safe and effective should provide a better outcome for patients with the dilemma.Objective:This article aims to give a comprehensive review of various types of loco-ablative treatment for HCC.Evidence Review:Loco-ablative treatment bridges the gap between surgical resection and transarterial chemotherapy.Various types of ablative therapy have their unique ability,and evidence-based outcome analysis is the most important key to assisting clinicians to choose the most suitable treatment modality for their patients.Findings:Radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has a relatively longer history and more evidence to support its effectiveness.Microwave ablation(MWA)is gaining momentum because of its shorter ablation time and consistent ablation zone.High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)ablation is a relatively new technology that provides non-invasive treatment for patients with HCC.It has been carried out at centers of excellence and it is a safe and effective treatment option for selected patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis.Conclusion and Relevance:Selective use of different loco-ablative therapies will enhance clinicians’treatment options for treatment of HCC.展开更多
文摘This paper deals with the microwave focusing in the layer mediums near the antenna aperture. Based on the plane-wave spectrum theory, the relationship between the Hertz potential and the electromagnetic field is discussed. An approach to the description of the field distribution in the layer mediums in case of an arbitary field source is proposed. Given the focusing current distribution over the antenna aperture, the field distribution of the focal region is worked out. In describing the field distribution over the focal region, the integration of spectrum functions in the spectrum domain (kx,ky) is carried out instead of the complicated Fresnel integral. The approximations are obtained by the saddle-point integration. Comparison with experimental results demonstrates the validity of the approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20572086)the Gansu Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3ZS061-A25-059)the Education Department Foundation of Gansu Province (No.0511-01).
文摘A rapid and heterogeneous Pd/C-catalyzed atom-efficient phenylation of aryl bromides by sodium tetraphenylborate takes place under focused microwave irradiation in water. The palladium catalyst can be easily recovered and reused.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20272047,20572086)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.3ZS051-A25-001)Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Material(Northwest Normal University),Ministry of Education of China.
文摘Fifteen dihydropyrimidinthiones have been synthesized by microwave-assisted Biginelli reactions without any solvent or catalyst. The advantages of this novel protocol include the excellent yield, operational simplicity, short time and the avoidance of the use of organic solvents and catalysts.
基金The Faculty of Chemistry and the Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica,PAPIIT(grant No.IT202812-3)of the Universidad Na-cionalAutónoma de México are gratefully acknowledged for financial supportThe Ayotoxco vanilla beans were supplied by the Ayotoxco farmers with the support of the InstitutoPoblano de Desarrollo Rural A.C.
文摘ORAC method and a continuous flow injection method based on Folin-Ciocalteau reaction (FI-FC) were used for determining the antioxidant activity in extracts obtained by using focused microwaves. Analysis of the antioxidant capacity (AC) of the main compounds of vanilla (vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid) was also carried out. Vanilla extracts obtained by using focused microwaves had a higher AC (between 72% and 117%) than the obtained by conventional methods. Vanillin had a linear correlation with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts and it is the most influential compound in the antioxidant power. The AC calculated by the ORAC method and the FI-FC method had a ratio 2:1 because of different kinetics and reaction mechanisms of the antioxidants with the reagents, so it is necessary more than one method to establish the antioxidant power in food. On base on the results of the present study microwaves energy can be used to obtain vanilla extracts to improve the AC of them.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61372034)
文摘Phase gradient metasurfaces（PGMS） offer a fascinating ability to control the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic（EM） waves on a subwavelength scale, resulting in new applications of designing novel microwave devices with improved performances. In this paper, a reflective symmetrical element, consisting of orthogonally I-shaped structures, has been demonstrated with an approximately parallel phase response from 15 GHz to 22 GHz, which results in an interesting wideband property. For practical design, a planar antenna is implemented by a well-optimized focusing metasurface and excited by a self-designed Vivaldi antenna at the focus. Numerical and experimental results coincide well. The planar antenna has a series of merits such as a wide 3-d B gain bandwidth of 15–22 GHz, an average gain enhancement of 16 d B, a comparable aperture efficiency of better than 45% at 18 GHz, and also a simple fabrication process. The proposed reflective metasurface opens up a new avenue to design wideband microwave devices.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos.11374235,61271150,61007024,and 10904118
文摘Hyperlenses based on metamaterials can be applied to subwavelength imaging in the lightwave band. In this letter, we demonstrate both through simulations and experimentally verified results that our proposed half- cylindrical shaped hyperlens can be used for super-resolution microwave focusing in a TE mode. Based on split ring resonators, the hyperlens satisfies a hyperbolic dispersion relationship. Simulations demonstrate that the focused spot size and position are insensitive to the rotation angle of the hyperlens around its geometric center. Experimental results show that a focused spot size 1/3 of the vacuum wavelength is achieved in the microwave band.
文摘Importance:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is usually accompanied by liver cirrhosis,which makes treatment of this disease challenging.Liver transplantation theoretically provides an ultimate solution to the disease,but the maximal surgical stress and the scarcity of liver graft make this treatment option impossible for some patients.In an ideal situation,a treatment that is safe and effective should provide a better outcome for patients with the dilemma.Objective:This article aims to give a comprehensive review of various types of loco-ablative treatment for HCC.Evidence Review:Loco-ablative treatment bridges the gap between surgical resection and transarterial chemotherapy.Various types of ablative therapy have their unique ability,and evidence-based outcome analysis is the most important key to assisting clinicians to choose the most suitable treatment modality for their patients.Findings:Radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has a relatively longer history and more evidence to support its effectiveness.Microwave ablation(MWA)is gaining momentum because of its shorter ablation time and consistent ablation zone.High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)ablation is a relatively new technology that provides non-invasive treatment for patients with HCC.It has been carried out at centers of excellence and it is a safe and effective treatment option for selected patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis.Conclusion and Relevance:Selective use of different loco-ablative therapies will enhance clinicians’treatment options for treatment of HCC.
