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A progress review of black carbon deposition on Arctic snow and ice and its impact on climate change 被引量:1
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作者 ZHANG Zilu ZHOU Libo ZHANG Meigen 《Advances in Polar Science》 CSCD 2024年第2期178-191,共14页
The rapid warming of the Arctic,accompanied by glacier and sea ice melt,has significant consequences for the Earth’s climate,ecosystems,and economy.Black carbon(BC)deposition on snow and ice can trigger a significant... The rapid warming of the Arctic,accompanied by glacier and sea ice melt,has significant consequences for the Earth’s climate,ecosystems,and economy.Black carbon(BC)deposition on snow and ice can trigger a significant reduction in snow albedo and accelerate melting of snow and ice in the Arctic.By reviewing the published literatures over the past decades,this work provides an overview of the progress in both the measurement and modeling of BC deposition and its impact on Arctic climate change.In summary,the maximum value of BC deposition appears in the western Russian Arctic(26 ng·g^(–1)),and the minimum value appears in Greenland(3 ng·g^(–1)).BC records in the Arctic ice core already peaked in 1920s and 1970s,and shows a regional difference between Greenland and Canadian Arctic.The different temporal variations of Arctic BC ice core records in different regions are closely related to the large variability of BC emissions and transportation processes across the Arctic region.Model simulations usually underestimate the concentration of BC in snow and ice by 2–3 times,and cannot accurately reflect the seasonal and regional changes in BC deposition.Wet deposition is the main removal mechanism of BC in the Arctic,and observations show different seasonal variations in BC wet deposition in Ny-Ålesund and Barrow.This discrepancy may result from varying contributions of anthropogenic and biomass burning(BB)emissions,given the strong influence by BC from BB emissions at Barrow.Arctic BC deposition significantly influences regional climate change in the Arctic,increasing fire activities in the Arctic have made BB source of Arctic BC more crucial.On average,BC in Arctic snow and ice causes an increase of+0.17 W·m^(–2)in radiative forcing and 8 Gt·a^(–1)in runoff in Greenland.As stressed in the latest Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme report,reliable source information and long-term and high-resolution observations on Arctic BC deposition will be crucial for a more comprehensive understanding and a better mitigation strategy of Arctic BC.In the future,it is necessary to collect more observations on BC deposition and the corresponding physical processes(e.g.,snow/ice melting,surface energy balance)in the Arctic to provide reliable data for understanding and clarifying the mechanism of the climatic impacts of BC deposition on Arctic snow and ice. 展开更多
关键词 Arctic climate black carbon ALBEDO SNOW deposition
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Construction of Dynamic Alloy Interfaces for Uniform Li Deposition in Li-Metal Batteries 被引量:1
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作者 Qingwen Li Yulu Liu +7 位作者 Ziheng Zhang Jinjie Chen Zelong Yang Qibo Deng Alexander V.Mumyatov Pavel A.Troshin Guang He Ning Hu 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期64-71,共8页
It is well accepted that a lithiophilic interface can effectively regulate Li deposition behaviors,but the influence of the lithiophilic interface is gradually diminished upon continuous Li deposition that completely ... It is well accepted that a lithiophilic interface can effectively regulate Li deposition behaviors,but the influence of the lithiophilic interface is gradually diminished upon continuous Li deposition that completely isolates Li from the lithiophilic metals.Herein,we perform in-depth studies on the creation of dynamic alloy interfaces upon Li deposition,arising from the exceptionally high diffusion coefficient of Hg in the amalgam solid solution.As a comparison,other metals such as Au,Ag,and Zn have typical diffusion coefficients of 10-20 orders of magnitude lower than that of Hg in the similar solid solution phases.This difference induces compact Li deposition pattern with an amalgam substrate even with a high areal capacity of 55 mAh cm^(-2).This finding provides new insight into the rational design of Li anode substrate for the stable cycling of Li metal batteries. 展开更多
关键词 diffusion coefficient dynamic alloy interfaces Li dendrites Li solid solution uniform Li deposition
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Accelerated Sequential Deposition Reaction via Crystal Orientation Engineering for Low-Temperature,High-Efficiency Carbon-Electrode CsPbBr_(3) Solar Cells 被引量:1
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作者 Zeyang Zhang Weidong Zhu +10 位作者 Tianjiao Han Tianran Wang Wenming Chai Jiaduo Zhu He Xi Dazheng Chen Gang Lu Peng Dong Jincheng Zhang Chunfu Zhang Yue Hao 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期168-175,共8页
Low-temperature,ambient processing of high-quality CsPbBr_(3)films is demanded for scalable production of efficient,low-cost carbon-electrode perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we demonstrate a crystal orientation en... Low-temperature,ambient processing of high-quality CsPbBr_(3)films is demanded for scalable production of efficient,low-cost carbon-electrode perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we demonstrate a crystal orientation engineering strategy of PbBr_(2)precursor film to accelerate its reaction with CsBr precursor during two-step sequential deposition of CsPbBr_(3)films.Such a novel strategy is proceeded by adding CsBr species into PbBr_(2)precursor,which can tailor the preferred crystal orientation of PbBr_(2)film from[020]into[031],with CsBr additive staying in the film as CsPb_(2)Br_(5)phase.Theoretical calculations show that the reaction energy barrier of(031)planes of PbBr_(2)with CsBr is lower about 2.28 eV than that of(O2O)planes.Therefore,CsPbBr_(3)films with full coverage,high purity,high crystallinity,micro-sized grains can be obtained at a low temperature of 150℃.Carbon-electrode PSCs with these desired CsPbBr_(3)films yield the record-high efficiency of 10.27%coupled with excellent operation stability.Meanwhile,the 1 cm^(2)area one with the superior efficiency of 8.00%as well as the flexible one with the champion efficiency of 8.27%and excellent mechanical bending characteristics are also achieved. 展开更多
关键词 carbon-electrode perovskite solar cells crystal orientation engineering CsPbBr_(3) low temperature two-step sequential deposition
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Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies canopy effects on deposition of air pollutants
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作者 ValentinasČerniauskas Iveta Varnagirytė‑Kabašinsk ienė +1 位作者 Valda Araminienė Vidas Stakėnas 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期34-46,共13页
Tree canopies influence atmospheric pollutant depositions depending on type,ecosystem characteristics,and local climatic conditions.This study investigated the impact of Pinus sylvestris L.and Picea abies(L.)H.Karst.,... Tree canopies influence atmospheric pollutant depositions depending on type,ecosystem characteristics,and local climatic conditions.This study investigated the impact of Pinus sylvestris L.and Picea abies(L.)H.Karst.,and a mixture of both,on the chemical composition of pre-cipitation.Three permanent plots within the ICP forest level Ⅱ monitoring network in Lithuania were selected to illustrate typical hemiboreal coniferous forests.The study analysed(1)the concentrations of NO_(2),NH_(3) and SO_(2) in the ambi-ent air;(2)the concentrations of SO_(4)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),NH_(4)^(+),Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+) and Cl^(-) in throughfall beneath canopies and in precipitation collected in an adjacent field,and(3)S and total N,Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+)and Cl−depositions in throughfall and precipitation over 2006-2022.Results show a signifi-cant decrease in SO_(2) emissions in the ambient air;NO_(2) and NH_(3) emissions also decreased.The canopies reduced the acidity of throughfall,although they led to notably higher concentrations of SO_(4)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),Na^(+),and particularly K^(+).During the study,low variability in NO_(3)^(-)deposition and a decrease in NH_(4)^(+)deposition occurred.Deposition loads increased by 20-30%when precipitation passed through the canopy.The cumulative deposition of S,Cl,Na,K,Ca,and N was greater under P.abies than under P.sylvestris.How-ever,K deposition in throughfall was considerably lower under P.sylvestris compared to the P.abies or mixed stand.Throughfall S depositions declined across all three coniferous plots.Overall,there was no specific effect of tree species on throughfall chemistry. 展开更多
关键词 PRECIPITATION THROUGHFALL deposition of chemicals POLLUTION Lithuania
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Atomic layer deposition in advanced display technologies:from photoluminescence to encapsulation
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作者 Rong Chen Kun Cao +4 位作者 Yanwei Wen Fan Yang Jian Wang Xiao Liu Bin Shan 《International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期65-82,共18页
Driven by the growing demand for next-generation displays,the development of advanced luminescent materials with exceptional photoelectric properties is rapidly accelerating,with such materials including quantum dots ... Driven by the growing demand for next-generation displays,the development of advanced luminescent materials with exceptional photoelectric properties is rapidly accelerating,with such materials including quantum dots and phosphors,etc.Nevertheless,the primary challenge preventing the practical application of these luminescent materials lies in meeting the required durability standards.Atomic layer deposition(ALD)has,therefore,been employed to stabilize luminescent materials,and as a result,flexible display devices have been fabricated through material modification,surface and interface engineering,encapsulation,cross-scale manufacturing,and simulations.In addition,the appropriate equipment has been developed for both spatial ALD and fluidized ALD to satisfy the low-cost,high-efficiency,and high-reliability manufacturing requirements.This strategic approach establishes the groundwork for the development of ultra-stable luminescent materials,highly efficient light-emitting diodes(LEDs),and thin-film packaging.Ultimately,this significantly enhances their potential applicability in LED illumination and backlighted displays,marking a notable advancement in the display industry. 展开更多
关键词 atomic layer deposition DISPLAY LUMINESCENT ENCAPSULATION
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Geochemistry and depositional environment of fuchsite quartzites from Sargur Group,western Dharwar Craton,India
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作者 C.S.Sindhuja G.Harshitha +1 位作者 C.Manikyamba K.S.V.Subramanyam 《Acta Geochimica》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期555-570,共16页
Meso-Neoarchean fuchsite quartzites are present in different stratigraphic positions of Dharwar Craton including the oldest(~3.3 Ga)Sargur Group of western Dharwar Craton.The present study deals with the petro-graphic... Meso-Neoarchean fuchsite quartzites are present in different stratigraphic positions of Dharwar Craton including the oldest(~3.3 Ga)Sargur Group of western Dharwar Craton.The present study deals with the petro-graphic and geochemical characteristics of the fuchsite quartzites from the Ghattihosahalli belt to evaluate their genesis,depositional setting and the enigma involved in the ancient sedimentation history.Their major mineral assemblages include quartz,fuchsite,and feldspars along with accessory kyanite and rutile.The geochemical com-positions are characterized by high SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),low MgO,CaO,strongly enriched Cr(1326–6899 ppm),Ba(1165–3653 ppm),Sr(46–210 ppm),V(107–868 ppm)and Zn(11–158 ppm)contents compared to the upper continental crust(UCC).The UCC normalized rare earth element(REE)patterns are characterized by depleted light REE[(La/Sm)UCC=0.33–0.95]compared to heavy REE[(Gd/Yb)_(UCC)=0.42–1.65]with conspicuous positive Eu-anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=1.35–18.27)characteristic of hydrothermal solutions evidenced through the interlayered barites.The overall major and trace element systematics reflect a combined mafic-felsic provenance and suggest their deposition at a passive continental margin environ-ment.The comprehensivefield,petrographic,and geo-chemical studies indicate that these quartzites are infiltrated by Cr-richfluids released during high-grade metamorphism of associated ultramafic rocks.The Sargur and the subse-quent Dharwar orogeny amalgamated diverse lithounits from different tectonic settings,possibly leading to the release of Cr-richfluids and the formation of fuchsite quartzite during or after the orogeny.Thesefindings sug-gest a pre-existing stable crust prior to the Sargur Group and the link between orogenic events and various mineral deposits in the Dharwar Craton. 展开更多
关键词 Dharwar Craton Ghattihosahalli Fuchsite quartzite PROVENANCE depositional setting
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Printability disparities in heterogeneous material combinations via laser directed energy deposition:a comparative study
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作者 Jinsheng Ning Lida Zhu +9 位作者 Shuhao Wang Zhichao Yang Peihua Xu Pengsheng Xue Hao Lu Miao Yu Yunhang Zhao Jiachen Li Susmita Bose Amit Bandyopadhyay 《International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期389-405,共17页
Additive manufacturing provides achievability for the fabrication of bimetallic and multi-material structures;however,the material compatibility and bondability directly affect the parts’formability and final quality... Additive manufacturing provides achievability for the fabrication of bimetallic and multi-material structures;however,the material compatibility and bondability directly affect the parts’formability and final quality.It is essential to understand the underlying printability of different material combinations based on an adapted process.Here,the printability disparities of two common and attractive material combinations(nickel-and iron-based alloys)are evaluated at the macro and micro levels via laser directed energy deposition(DED).The deposition processes were captured using in situ high-speed imaging,and the dissimilarities in melt pool features and track morphology were quantitatively investigated within specific process windows.Moreover,the microstructure diversity of the tracks and blocks processed with varied material pairs was comparatively elaborated and,complemented with the informative multi-physics modeling,the presented non-uniformity in mechanical properties(microhardness)among the heterogeneous material pairs was rationalized.The differences in melt flow induced by the unlike thermophysical properties of the material pairs and the resulting element intermixing and localized re-alloying during solidification dominate the presented dissimilarity in printability among the material combinations.This work provides an in-depth understanding of the phenomenological differences in the deposition of dissimilar materials and aims to guide more reliable DED forming of bimetallic parts. 展开更多
关键词 directed energy deposition PRINTABILITY microstructure MICROHARDNESS bimetallic parts
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Depositional process of hyperpycnal flow deposits:A case study on Lower Cretaceous Sangyuan outcrop in the Luanping Basin,Northeast China
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作者 De-zhi Yan Ru-kai Zhu +8 位作者 Hao Shou Zhao-hui Xu Wei-hong Liu Si-cheng Zhu Zhi-cheng Lei Jing-ya Zhang Chang Liu Yi Cai Huai-min Xu 《China Geology》 CAS CSCD 2024年第3期505-516,共12页
Sedimentary process research is of great significance for understanding the distribution and characteristics of sediments.Through the detailed observation and measurement of the Sangyuan outcrop in Luanping Basin,this... Sedimentary process research is of great significance for understanding the distribution and characteristics of sediments.Through the detailed observation and measurement of the Sangyuan outcrop in Luanping Basin,this paper studies the depositional process of the hyperpycnal flow deposits,and divides their depositional process into three phases,namely,acceleration,erosion and deceleration.In the acceleration phase,hyperpycnal flow begins to enter the basin nearby,and then speeds up gradually.Deposits developed in the acceleration phase are reverse.In addition,the original deposits become unstable and are taken away by hyperpycnal flows under the eroding force.As a result,there are a lot of mixture of red mud pebbles outside the basin and gray mud pebbles within the basin.In the erosion phase,the reverse deposits are eroded and become thinner or even disappear.Therefore,no reverse grading characteristic is found in the proximal major channel that is closer to the source,but it is still preserved in the middle branch channel that is far from the source.After entering the deceleration phase,normally grading deposits appear and cover previous deposits.The final deposits in the basin are special.Some are reverse,and others are normal.They are superimposed with each other under the action of hyperpycnal flow.The analysis of the Sangyuan outcrop demonstrates the sedimentary process and distribution of hyperpycnites,and reasonably explain the sedimentary characteristics of hyperpycnites.It is helpful to the prediction of oil and gas exploration targets in gravity flow deposits. 展开更多
关键词 Hyperpycnal flow Sedimentary characteristics depositional process Gravity flow deposit Hyperpycnite Red mud pebble Gray mud pebble Oil and gas exploration engineering Luanping Basin
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Revolutionizing plasmonic platform via magnetic field-assisted confined ultrafast laser deposition of high-density,uniform,and ultrafine nanoparticle arrays
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作者 Jin Xu Lingfeng Wang +5 位作者 Peilin Yang Haoqing Jiang Huai Zheng Licong An Xingtao Liu Gary J Cheng 《International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期428-438,共11页
The remarkable capabilities of 2D plasmonic surfaces in controlling optical waves havegarnered significant attention.However,the challenge of large-scale manufacturing of uniform,well-aligned,and tunable plasmonic sur... The remarkable capabilities of 2D plasmonic surfaces in controlling optical waves havegarnered significant attention.However,the challenge of large-scale manufacturing of uniform,well-aligned,and tunable plasmonic surfaces has hindered their industrialization.To address this,we present a groundbreaking tunable plasmonic platform design achieved throughmagnetic field(MF)assisted ultrafast laser direct deposition in air.Through precise control of metal nanoparticles(NPs),with cobalt(Co)serving as the model material,employing an MF,and fine-tuning ultrafast laser parameters,we have effectively converted coarse and non-uniform NPs into densely packed,uniform,and ultrafine NPs(~3 nm).This revolutionary advancement results in the creation of customizable plasmonic‘hot spots,’which play a pivotal role insurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)sensors.The profound impact of this designable plasmonic platform lies in its close association with plasmonic resonance and energyenhancement.When the plasmonic nanostructures resonate with incident light,they generate intense local electromagnetic fields,thus vastly increasing the Raman scattering signal.This enhancement leads to an outstanding 2–18 fold boost in SERS performance and unparalleled sensing sensitivity down to 10^(-10)M.Notably,the plasmonic platform also demonstratesrobustness,retaining its sensing capability even after undergoing 50 cycles of rinsing andre-loading of chemicals.Moreover,this work adheres to green manufacturing standards,making it an efficient and environmentally friendly method for customizing plasmonic‘hot spots’inSERS devices.Our study not only achieves the formation of high-density,uniform,and ultrafine NP arrays on a tunable plasmonic platform but also showcases the profound relation betweenplasmonic resonance and energy enhancement.The outstanding results observed in SERS sensors further emphasize the immense potential of this technology for energy-relatedapplications,including photocatalysis,photovoltaics,and clean water,propelling us closer to a sustainable and cleaner future. 展开更多
关键词 magnetic field manipulation laser deposition metasurface SERS
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ZmbZIP27 regulates nitrogen-mediated leaf angle by modulating lignin deposition in maize
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作者 Huan Chen Xiaoping Gong +3 位作者 Yu Guo Jingjuan Yu Wen-Xue Li Qingguo Du 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期1404-1413,共10页
In grain crops such as maize(Zea mays),leaf angle(LA)is a key agronomic trait affecting light interception and thus planting density and yield.Nitrogen(N)affects LA in plants,but we lack a good understanding of how N ... In grain crops such as maize(Zea mays),leaf angle(LA)is a key agronomic trait affecting light interception and thus planting density and yield.Nitrogen(N)affects LA in plants,but we lack a good understanding of how N regulates LA.Here,we report that N deficiency enhanced lignin deposition in the ligular region of maize seedlings.In situ hybridization showed that the bZIP transcription factor gene ZmbZIP27 is mainly expressed in the phloem of maize vascular bundles.Under N-sufficient conditions,transgenic maize overexpressing ZmbZIP27 showed significantly smaller LA compared with wild type(WT).By contrast,zmbzip27_(ems)mutant showed larger LA under both N-deficient and N-sufficient conditions compared with WT.Overexpression of ZmbZIP27 enhanced lignin deposition in the ligular region of maize in the field.We further demonstrated that ZmbZIP27 could directly bind the promoters of the microRNA genes ZmMIR528a and ZmMIR528b and negatively regulate the expression levels of ZmmiR528.ZmmiR528 knockdown transgenic maize displayed erect architecture in the field by increasing lignin content in the ligular region of maize.Taken together,these results indicate that ZmbZIP27 regulates N-mediated LA size by regulating the expression of ZmmiR528 and modulating lignin deposition in maize. 展开更多
关键词 MAIZE NITROGEN Leaf angle Ligular region Lignin deposition
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Cracking on a nickel-based superalloy fabricated by direct energy deposition
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作者 Xue Zhang Ya-hang Mu +4 位作者 Liang Ma Jing-jing Liang Yi-zhou Zhou Xiao-feng Sun Jin-guo Li 《China Foundry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期311-318,共8页
Cracks have consistently been a significant challenge limiting the development of additive manufactured nickel-based superalloys.It is essential to investigate the location of cracks and their forming mechanism.This s... Cracks have consistently been a significant challenge limiting the development of additive manufactured nickel-based superalloys.It is essential to investigate the location of cracks and their forming mechanism.This study extensively examines the impact of solidification process,microstructural evolution,and stress concentration on crack initiation during direct energy deposition(DED).The results emphasize that the crack formation is significantly related to large-angle grain boundaries,rapid cooling rates.Cracks caused by large-angle grain boundaries and a fast-cooling rate predominantly appear near the edge of the deposited samples.Liquation cracks are more likely to form near the top of the deposited sample,due to the presence ofγ/γ'eutectics.The secondary dendritic arm and the carbides in the interdendritic regions can obstruct liquid flow during the final stage of solidification,which results in the formation of solidification cracks and voids.This work paves the way to avoid cracks in nickel-based superalloys fabricated by DED,thereby enhancing the performance of superalloys. 展开更多
关键词 LOCATION cracks direct energy deposition nickel-based superalloys
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Depositional Environment and Origin of Inertinite-rich Coal in the Ordos Basin
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作者 SHI Qingmin ZHAO Jun +5 位作者 JI Ruijun XUE Weifeng HAN Bo CAI Yue LI Chunhao CUI Shidong 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期1064-1085,共22页
Inertinite-rich coal is widely distributed in the Ordos Basin,represented by the No.2 coal seam of the Middle Jurassic Yan'an Formation.This paper combined coal petrology and geochemistry to analyze the origin of ... Inertinite-rich coal is widely distributed in the Ordos Basin,represented by the No.2 coal seam of the Middle Jurassic Yan'an Formation.This paper combined coal petrology and geochemistry to analyze the origin of inertinite,changes in the coal-forming environment and control characteristics of wildfire.Research has shown that there are two forms of inertinite sources in the study area.Alongside typical fusinization,wildfire events also play a substantial role in inertinite formation.There are significant fluctuations in the coal-forming environment of samples at different depths.Coal samples were formed in dry forest swamp with low water levels and strong oxidation,which have a high inertinite content,and the samples formed in wet forest swamp and limnic showed low inertinite content.Conversely,the inertinite content of different origins does not fully correspond to the depositional environment characterized by dryness and oxidation.Nonpyrogenic inertinites were significantly influenced by climatic conditions,while pyrofusinite was not entirely controlled by climatic conditions but rather directly impacted by wildfire events.The high oxygen level was the main factor causing widespread wildfire events.Overall,the combination of wildfire activity and oxidation generates a high content of inertinite in the Middle Jurassic coal of the Ordos Basin. 展开更多
关键词 inertinite-rich coal WILDFIRE coal petrology geochemistry biomarkers depositional environment
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Simulation of deuterium pellet ablation and deposition in the EAST tokamak with HPI2 code
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作者 李大正 张洁 +2 位作者 侯吉磊 李懋 孙继忠 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期561-569,共9页
Pellet injection is a primary method for fueling the plasma in magnetic confinement devices.For that goal the knowledges of pellet ablation and deposition profiles are critical.In the present study,the pellet fueling ... Pellet injection is a primary method for fueling the plasma in magnetic confinement devices.For that goal the knowledges of pellet ablation and deposition profiles are critical.In the present study,the pellet fueling code HPI2 was used to predict the ablation and deposition profiles of deuterium pellets injected into a typical H-mode discharge on the EAST tokamak.Pellet ablation and deposition profiles were evaluated for various pellet injection locations,with the aim at optimizing the pellet injection to obtain a deep fueling depth.In this study,we investigate the effect of the injection angle on the deposition depth of the pellet at different velocities and sizes.The ablation and deposition of the injected pellet are mainly studied at each injection position for three different injection angles:0°,45°,and 60°.The pellet injection on the high field side(HFS)can achieve a more ideal deposition depth than on the low field side(LFS).Among these angles,horizontal injection on the middle plane is relatively better on either the HFS or the LFS.When the injection location is 0.468 m below the middle plane on the HFS or 0.40 m above the middle plane of the LFS,it can achieve a similar deposition depth to the one of its corresponding side.When the pre-cooling effect is taken into account,the deposition depth is predicted to increase only slightly when the pellet is launched from the HFS.The findings of this study will serve as a reference for the update of pellet injection systems for the EAST tokamak. 展开更多
关键词 pellet injection pellet ablation HPI2 pellet deposition
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New insights into the deposition of natural gas hydrate on pipeline surfaces:A molecular dynamics simulation study
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作者 Jun Zhang Hai-Qiang Fu +7 位作者 Mu-Zhi Guo Zhao Wang Li-Wen Li Qi Yin You-Guo Yan Wei Wei Wei-Feng Han Jie Zhong 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期694-704,共11页
Natural gas hydrate(NGH)can cause pipeline blockages during the transportation of oil and gas under high pressures and low temperatures.Reducing hydrate adhesion on pipelines is viewed as an efficient way to prevent N... Natural gas hydrate(NGH)can cause pipeline blockages during the transportation of oil and gas under high pressures and low temperatures.Reducing hydrate adhesion on pipelines is viewed as an efficient way to prevent NGH blockages.Previous studies suggested the water film can greatly increase hydrate adhesion in gas-dominant system.Herein,by performing the molecular dynamics simulations,we find in water-dominant system,the water film plays different roles in hydrate deposition on Fe and its corrosion surfaces.Specifically,due to the strong affinity of water on Fe surface,the deposited hydrate cannot convert the adsorbed water into hydrate,thus,a water film exists.As water affinities decrease(Fe>Fe_(2)O_(3)>FeO>Fe_(3)O_(4)),adsorbed water would convert to amorphous hydrate on Fe_(2)O_(3)and form the ordered hydrate on FeO and Fe_(3)O_(4)after hydrate deposition.While absorbed water film converts to amorphous or to hydrate,the adhesion strength of hydrate continuously increases(Fe<Fe_(2)O_(3)<FeO<Fe_(3)O_(4)).This is because the detachment of deposited hydrate prefers to occur at soft region of liquid layer,the process of which becomes harder as liquid layer vanishes.As a result,contrary to gas-dominant system,the water film plays the weakening roles on hydrate adhesion in water-dominant system.Overall,our results can help to better understand the hydrate deposition mechanisms on Fe and its corrosion surfaces and suggest hydrate deposition can be adjusted by changing water affinities on pipeline surfaces. 展开更多
关键词 deposition Natural gas hydrate Pipelines Water affinity Adhesion strength
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Mass-Based Environmental Factor and Energy Assessment of Microwave-Assisted Synthesized Transition Metal Nanostructures
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作者 Victor J. Law 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 CAS 2024年第6期201-218,共18页
This paper describes mass-based energy phase-space projection of microwave-assisted synthesis of transition metals (zinc oxide, palladium, silver, platinum, and gold) nanostructures. The projection uses process energy... This paper describes mass-based energy phase-space projection of microwave-assisted synthesis of transition metals (zinc oxide, palladium, silver, platinum, and gold) nanostructures. The projection uses process energy budget (measured in kJ) on the horizontal axes and process density (measured in kJg−1) on the vertical axes. These two axes allow both mass usage efficiency (Environmental-Factor) and energy efficiency to be evaluated for a range of microwave applicator and metal synthesis. The metrics are allied to the: second, sixth and eleventh principle of the twelve principle of Green Chemistry. This analytical approach to microwave synthesis (widely considered as a useful Green Chemistry energy source) allows a quantified dynamic environmental quotient to be given to renewable plant-based biomass associated with the reduction of the metal precursors. Thus allowing a degree of quantification of claimed “eco-friendly” and “sustainable” synthesis with regard to waste production and energy usage. 展开更多
关键词 microwave-assisted Synthesis Transition Metals Nanostructures Allometry Scaling Power-Law Signature Green Chemistry
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Experimental study on wax deposition of highly paraffinic oil in intermittent gas-oil flow in pipelines
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作者 Chuan-Shuo Wang Qian-Li Ma +3 位作者 Xiao-Fang Lv Jie Zhang Yang Liu Shi-Dong Zhou 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期2080-2088,共9页
Oil-gas two phase wax deposition is a fairly common and open-ended question in flow assurance of multiphase transportation pipelines.This paper investigated the two main aspects of oil-gas two phase wax deposition lay... Oil-gas two phase wax deposition is a fairly common and open-ended question in flow assurance of multiphase transportation pipelines.This paper investigated the two main aspects of oil-gas two phase wax deposition layer:apparent thickness and crystal structure characteristics.A typical highly paraffinic oil in Bohai Sea,China,was used as the experimental material to investigate the wax deposition thickness in oil-gas two phase under the influence of different oil temperatures,superficial gas/liquid phase velocities and gas-oil ratios by using multiphase flow loop experimental device.Just as in the classical theory of wax molecular diffusion,it showed that wax deposition thickness of oil-gas two phase increased with increasing oil temperature.Analysis of the impact of different superficial phase velocities found that the actual liquid flow heat transfer and shear stripping was the gas phase dominant mechanisms determining wax deposit thickness.In addition,the crystal structure of the wax deposition layer was characterized with the help of small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)for different circumferential positions,flow rates and gas-oil ratios.The bottom deposition layer had a complex crystal structure and high hardness,which were subject to change over flow rate variations.Furthermore,the SAXS results provided evidence that the indirect effect of the actual liquid velocity modified by the gas phase was the main mechanism.Our study of the effect of gas phase on the wax deposition of oil-gas two phase will help shed light onto the mechanism by which this important process occurs.Our findings address a very urgent need in the field of wax deposition of highly paraffinic oil to understand the flow security of oilgas two phase that occurs easily in multiphase field pipelines. 展开更多
关键词 Oil-gas two phase Highly paraffinic oil Wax deposition SAXS
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Improved Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cells by Interface Modification Using Atomic Layer Deposition of Ultrathin Aluminum Oxide
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作者 Ai Lan Yiqun Li +8 位作者 Huiwen Zhu Jintao Zhu Hong Lu Hainam Do Yifan Lv Yonghua Chen Zhikuan Chen Fei Chen Wei Huang 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期282-290,共9页
The interfacial contacts between the electron transporting layers(ETLs)and the photoactive layers are crucial to device performance and stability for OSCs with inverted architecture.Herein,atomic layer deposition(ALD)... The interfacial contacts between the electron transporting layers(ETLs)and the photoactive layers are crucial to device performance and stability for OSCs with inverted architecture.Herein,atomic layer deposition(ALD)fabricated ultrathin Al_(2)O_(3)layers are applied to modify the ETLs/active blends(PM6:BTP-BO-4F)interfaces of OSCs,thus improving device performance.The ALD-Al_(2)O_(3)thin layers on ZnO significantly improved its surface morphology,which led to the decreased work function of ZnO and reduced recombination losses in devices.The simultaneous increase in open-circuit voltage(V_(OC)),short-circuit current density(J_(SC))and fill factor(FF)were achieved for the OSCs incorporated with ALD-Al_(2)O_(3)interlayers of a certain thickness,which produced a maximum PCE of 16.61%.Moreover,the ALD-Al_(2)O_(3)interlayers had significantly enhanced device stability by suppressing degradation of the photoactive layers induced by the photocatalytic activity of ZnO and passivating surface defects of ZnO that may play the role of active sites for the adsorption of oxygen and moisture. 展开更多
关键词 atomic layer deposition interface modification organic solar cells STABILITY
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Landsat Image-Based Spatiotemporal Variation Analysis of Erosion and Deposition off the Qingshuigou of the Yellow River Delta from 1984 to 2021
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作者 DONG Sheng LI Songda TAO Shanshan 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第5期1173-1184,共12页
Owing to climate change and human activity,the Qingshuigou of the Yellow River Delta(YRD)has undergone dynamic changes in erosion and deposition.Therefore,studying these changes is important to ensure ecological prote... Owing to climate change and human activity,the Qingshuigou of the Yellow River Delta(YRD)has undergone dynamic changes in erosion and deposition.Therefore,studying these changes is important to ensure ecological protection and sustainable development.In this study,the trend of erosion-deposition evolution in the Qingshuigou was investigated based on 38 coastline phases extracted from Landsat series images of the YRD at one-year intervals from 1984 to 2021.The periodicity of the scouring and deposition evolution was also analyzed using wavelet analysis.Results showed that the total area of the Qingshuigou was affected by deposition and erosion and that the fluctuation first increased and then decreased.The total area reached a maximum in 1993.The depositional area first increased and then decreased,whereas the overall erosion area decreased.Deposition and erosion areas showed periodic changes to some extent;however,the periodic signal intensity decreased.Furthermore,factors including channel morphological evolution and variations in water and sediment discharge affect the spatiotemporal dynamics of erosion and deposition processes.The application of nonconsistency tests finally revealed that deposition area and flushing magnitude exhibited non-stationarities,which are potentially attributed to impacts from climatic change drivers. 展开更多
关键词 Yellow River Delta COASTLINE erosion and deposition remote sensing wavelet analysis
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Acupotomy ameliorates knee osteoarthritis-related collagen deposition and fibrosis in rabbit skeletal muscle through the TGF-β/Smad pathway
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作者 Tingyao Hu Einar Khavaza +7 位作者 Chuxi Liang Longfei Xing Xilin Chen Yue Xu Weiwei Ma Farid Mokhtari Juan Lu Changqing Guo 《Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences》 CAS 2024年第3期376-385,共10页
Objective:To investigate the effects of acupotomy on skeletal muscle fibrosis and collagen deposition in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model.Methods: Rabbits(n=18)were randomly divided into control,KOA,and KOA+acup... Objective:To investigate the effects of acupotomy on skeletal muscle fibrosis and collagen deposition in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model.Methods: Rabbits(n=18)were randomly divided into control,KOA,and KOA+acupotomy(Apo)groups(n=6).The rabbits in the KOA and Apo groups were modeled using the modified Videman's method for 6 weeks.After modeling,the Apo group was subjected to acupotomy once a week for 3 weeks on the vastus medialis,vastus lateralis,rectus femoris,biceps femoris,and anserine bursa tendons around the knee.The behavior of all animals was recorded,rectus femoris tissue was obtained,and histomorphological changes were observed using Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad 3,Smad 7,fibrillar collagen types I(Col-I)and III(Col-III)was detected using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results: Histological analysis revealed that acupotomy improved the microstructure and reduced the collagen volume fraction of rectus femoris,compared with the KOA group(P=.034).Acupotomy inhibited abnormal collagen deposition by modulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins and mRNA,thus preventing skeletal muscle fibrosis.Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that in the Apo group,Col-I,and Col-III protein levels were significantly lower than those in the KOA group(both P<.01),same as Col-I and Col-III mRNA levels(P=.0031;P=.0046).Compared with the KOA group,the protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3 were significantly reduced(both P<.01),as were the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3(P=.0007;P=.0011).Conversely,the levels of protein and mRNA of Smad 7 were significantly higher than that in the KOA group(P<.01;P=.0271).Conclusion: Acupotomy could alleviate skeletal muscle fibrosis and delay KOA progress by inhibiting collagen deposition through the TGF-β/Smad pathway in the skeletal muscle of KOA rabbits. 展开更多
关键词 ACUPOTOMY Knee osteoarthritis Skeletal muscle FIBROSIS Collagen deposition
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Edge effect during microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition diamond-film:Multiphysics simulation and experimental verification
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作者 Zhiliang Yang Kang An +7 位作者 Yuchen Liu Zhijian Guo Siwu Shao Jinlong Liu Junjun Wei Liangxian Chen Lishu Wu Chengming Li 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期2287-2299,共13页
This study focused on the investigation of the edge effect of diamond films deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor de-position.Substrate bulge height△h is a factor that affects the edge effect,and it was used t... This study focused on the investigation of the edge effect of diamond films deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor de-position.Substrate bulge height△h is a factor that affects the edge effect,and it was used to simulate plasma and guide the diamond-film deposition experiments.Finite-element software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to construct a multiphysics(electromagnetic,plasma,and fluid heat transfer fields)coupling model based on electron collision reaction.Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the experimental growth and validate the model.The simulation results reflected the experimental trends observed.Plasma discharge at the edge of the substrate accelerated due to the increase in△h(△h=0-3 mm),and the values of electron density(n_(c)),molar concentration of H(C_(H)),and molar concentration of CH_(3)(C_(CH_(3)))doubled at the edge(for the special concave sample with△h=−1 mm,the active chemical groups exhibited a decreased molar concentration at the edge of the substrate).At=0-3 mm,a high diamond growth rate and a large diamond grain size were observed at the edge of the substrate,and their values increased with.The uniformity of film thickness decreased with.The Raman spectra of all samples revealed the first-order characteristic peak of dia-mond near 1332 cm^(−1).When△h=−1 mm,tensile stress occurred in all regions of the film.When△h=1-3 mm,all areas in the film ex-hibited compressive stress. 展开更多
关键词 microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition edge discharge plasma diamond film
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