The relationship between soil,climate and forest development in the mid-mountain zone of the Sangong River watershed in the northern Tianshan Mountains,China

The mountainous forests in arid regions, being sensitive to climate change, are one of the key research topics related to the mechanism of interaction between climate and the terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, the spatial distribution of a mid-mountain forest and its environmental factors were investigated by using a combination of remote sensing technology, field survey, climate indices and soil nutrient analysis in the Sangong River watershed of the northern Tianshan Mountains. The forest （Picea schrenkiana） was distributed between 1,510 and 2,720 m asl. Tree height and diameter at breast height （DBH） exhibited a bi-modal pattern with increasing elevation, and rested at 2,450 and 2,250 m asl, respectively. The two maxima of DBH appeared at 2,000 and 2,550 m asl, and the taller trees were observed at 2,100 and 2,600 m asl. For the annual mean temperature, the difference was approximately 5.8℃ between the lowest and the highest limits of the forest, and the average decreasing rates per hundred meters were 0.4g℃ and 0.55℃ with increasing altitude between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and above 2,000 m asl, respec- tively. The annual precipitation in the forest zone first increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude, and the maximum value was at 2,000 m asl. For per hundred meters, the annual precipitation increased with the rate of 31 mm between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and decreased by 7.8 mm above 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high between 2,000 and 2,700 m asl and low at the lower and upper forest limits. The minimum CaCO3 con- centration, pH value and EC coincided with the maximum precipitation belt at 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high in the topsoil （0-10 cm） and differed significantly from the values observed in the deep soil layers （〉10 cm）. The soil nutrients exhibited spatial heterogeneity and higher aggregation in the topsoil. In conclusion, soil and climate are closely related to each other, working synergistically to determine the development and spatial distribution of the mid-mountain forest in the study area. The order of the importance of environmental factors to forest development in this study is as follows： soil nutrients〉precipitation〉elevation〉temperature.

大瑶山国家级自然保护区中山针阔混交林的植物多样性

【目的】阐明中山针阔混交林群落的物种多样性形成机理、分异规律及维持机制。【方法】在全面踏查的基础上,通过建立12块20m×20m的调查样地,研究中山针阔混交林的植物群落组成、植物多样性及分异规律。【结果】银杉混交林共有植物56科76属94种,长苞铁杉混交林共有植物51科78属103种,广东五针松混交林有30科43属66种,小叶罗汉松混交林有29科38属49种。银杉混交林的针阔叶树优势种分别是银杉(Cathaya argyrophylla,重要值IV为34.86)、长苞铁杉(Tsuga longibracteata,47.70)、五列木(Pentaphylax euryoides,27.69)、信宜杜鹃(Rhododendron faithiae,18.07);长苞铁杉混交林相应为长苞铁杉(63.44)、五列木(51.03)、马蹄荷(Exbucklandia populnea,13.24);广东五针松混交林为广东五针松(Pinus kwangtungensis,43.19)、五列木(59.09)、大头茶(Polyspora axillaris,44.49)、马蹄荷(26.10);小叶罗汉松混交林为小叶罗汉松(Podocarpus wangii,58.22)、福建柏(Fokienia hodginsii,32.89),南华杜鹃(Rhododendron simiarum,66.31)。中山区4种混交林中乔木层的物种丰富度没有显著差异(P>0.05),而灌木层和草本层的物种丰富度存在显著差异(P<0.05),乔木层和灌木层的植物多样性指数无显著差异(P>0.05);长苞铁杉混交林中草本层的物种多样性指数显著高于广东五针松混交林(P<0.05);其它类型间差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】中山区特殊的气候和土壤条件是针阔混交林形成的主要原因,而作为优势种的针阔叶树种的生态生物学特性是维持中山区针阔混交林物种多样性的关键。

黑龙江省北部山区浓雾产生的气象条件

利用2000-2014年常规观测资料和NECP/NCAR再分析资料对黑龙江省北部山区的漠河、塔河、新林、加格达奇和伊春等5个代表站浓雾发生的气候特点和产生条件进行统计分析,利用天气学原理对环境条件与浓雾生消的关系进行讨论,利用条件迭代法对2014年5-10月08时伊春站的浓雾过程进行预报,并进行相关的预报检验。结果表明,黑龙江省北部山区的浓雾多发生在5-10月,北部山区东南部的浓雾发生日数有逐年上升的趋势,西北部有下降趋势;除形势稳定有利于浓雾发生外,一定程度弱的上升运动也有利于浓雾的出现。

可行能力视角下的深度贫困区特色产业脱贫对策——以四川民族地区高半山为例

可行能力是致贫根本因素,是深度贫困区特色产业脱贫的根本要素。目前,类似四川民族地区高半山的深度贫困区,存在资源获取转化能力受阻、内生动力不足、自我发展能力不够、发展相关权利受限受损的可行能力问题,严重制约特色产业脱贫功效,造成了财富、精神、能力和权利等贫困。必须采取有效对策提升资源获取转化能力,提供发展资源,推进收入脱贫;提升内生动力,激发发展动机,推进精神脱贫;提升自我发展能力,保障发展技能,推进能力脱贫;提升发展相关权利,维护发展权益,推进权利脱贫,从而有效推进特色产业脱贫,让农牧民过上自由幸福的生活。