Ultrabroadband mid-infrared emission from Cr^(2+):ZnSe-doped chalcogenide glasses prepared via hot uniaxial pressing and melt-quenching

We reported an ultrabroadband mid-infrared(MIR)emission in the range of 1800 nm-3100 nm at room temperature(RT)from a Cr^(2+):ZnSe-doped chalcogenide glasses(ChGs)and studied the emission-dependent properties on the doping methods.A series of Cr^(2+):ZnSe/As_(40)S_(57)Se_(3)(in unit wt.%)glass-ceramics were prepared by hot uniaxial pressing(HUP)and melt-quenching methods,respectively.The glass-ceramics with MIR emission bands greater than 1000 nm were successfully prepared by both methods.The effects of matrix glass composition and grain doping concentration on the optical properties of the samples were studied.The occurrence state,morphology of the grains,and the microscopic elemental distributions were characterized using x-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)analyses.

Light-Induced Mid-Infrared Emission of Liquid Carbon Tetrachloride and Benzene

Light-induced infrared emission spectroscopy (LIRES) is a novel technique that permits to receive high-quality spectra in the mid-infrared region. Low-intensity visible light connected to a highly sensitive FTIR spectrometer is more advantageous for studying any samples, including biological samples without any damage. This technique permits obtaining unique information on the molecule structure via vibrational excitation fundamental frequencies, overtones, and combination modes. It also enables a direct observation of vibrational radiation transitions in vibrationally excited molecules as well as the channels of vibration energy redistribution, which is not allowed with any other method. In this work, the LIRES is being tested as a technique for studying of vibrationally-excited molecules of carbon tetrachloride and benzene in the liquid phase. On the other hand, using transparent liquids, we had tried to understand some of the physical phenomena that can drive emission in mid-IR. The characteristics of the infrared emission of both liquid species produced by different wavelength radiation from various types of light systems (100 - watt Xe-lamp and Nd:YAG laser;lambda = 1064 nm (8 mW) and lambda = 532 nm (4 mW)) are presented. We demonstrated that the IR-signal, as well as spectral properties of carbon tetrachloride and benzene, was dependent on the wavelength and power of excitation beam. Results obtained with different light sources show that the visible light produces a nonlinear IR-emission signal in transparent liquids. We believe that the visible light is the source of the nonlinear response and is producing the vibration excitation as well as photostimulated transformations of the molecules possessing the high activity for the nonlinear response.

A Temperature-Insensitive Amplified Spontaneous Emission Broadband Source Based on Er-Doped Fiber

To obtain a stable amplified spontaneous emission（ASE） source for complex environment applications, we design an ASE source and study the output power and spectral characteristics under different ambient temperatures.We optimize the structure of the ASE source to flatten the ASE spectrum, and study the output characteristics in terms of output power and optical spectrum under different pump powers. Then the performance of the ASE source is investigated in the temperature range from-18.9°C to 50°C. A stable-power and flat-spectrum ASE source can be obtained by structural optimization and pump control.

Mid-infrared luminescence of Dy^(3+)-doped Ga_2S_3–Sb_2S_3–CsI chalcohalide glasses

The mid-infrared （MIR） luminescent properties of Dy3＋ ions in a new chalcohalide glass host, Ga2S3-Sb2S3-CsI, are investigated; and the suitability of the doped glass for MIR fiber lasers is evaluated. The Dy3＋-doped chalcohalide glasses exhibit good thermal stability and intense MIR emissions around 2.96 μm and 4.41 μm. These emissions show quantum efficiencies （η） as high as ～ 60%, and have relatively large stimulated emission cross sections （σem）. The low phonon energy （～ 307 cm-1） of the host glass accounts for the intense MIR emissions, as well as the high η. These favorable thermal and emission properties make the Dy3＋-doped Ga2S3-Sb2S3-CsI glasses promising materials for MIR fiber amplifiers or lasers.

The study of estimation method of broadband emissivity from EOS/MODIS data

The broadband emissivity is an important parameter for estimating the energy balance of the Earth. This study focuses on estimating the window （8 -12 μm） emissivity from the MODIS （mod- erate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer） data, and two methods are built. The regression method obtains the broadband emissivity from MODllB1 - 5KM product, whose coefficient is developed by using 128 spectra, and the standard deviation of error is about 0.0118 and the mean error is about O. 0084. Although the estimation accuracy is very high while the broadband emissivity is estimated from the emissivity of bands 29, 31 and 32 obtained from MOD11B1 _ 5KM product, the standard deviations of errors of single emissivity in bands 29, 31, 32 are about 0.009 for MOD11B1 5KM product, so the total error is about O. 02 and resolution is about 5km × 5km. A combined radiative transfer model with dynamic learning neural network method is used to estimate the broadband emis- sivity from MODIS 1B data. The standard deviation of error is about 0.016, the mean error is about 0.01, and the resolution is about 1 km x 1 km. The validation and application analysis indicates that the regression is simpler and more practical, and estimation accuracy of the dynamic learning neural network method is higher. Considering the needs for accuracy and practicalities in application, one of them can be chosen to estimate the broadband emissivity from MODIS data.

Double-rod metasurface for mid-infrared polarization conversion

Resonant responses of metasurface enable effective control over the polarization properties of lights. In this paper,we demonstrate a double-rod metasurface for broadband polarization conversion in the mid-infrared region. The metasurface consists of a metallic double-rod array separated from a reflecting ground plane by a film of zinc selenide. By superimposing three localized resonances, cross polarization conversion is achieved over a bandwidth of 16.9 THz around the central frequency at 34.6 THz with conversion efficiency exceeding 70%. The polarization conversion performance is in qualitative agreement with simulation. The surface current distributions and electric field profiles of the resonant modes are discussed to analyze the underlying physical mechanism. Our demonstrated broadband polarization conversion has potential applications in the area of mid-infrared spectroscopy, communication, and sensing.

Zn^(2+)共掺提高Cr^(3+)掺杂钙铌镓石榴石热稳定性

近红外荧光粉转换发光二极管(pc-LEDs)具有体积小、效率高等优点,在无损检测和生物成像等领域具有广泛应用前景。本研究通过高温固相法成功合成了Ca_(3)Nb_(1.6875)Ga_(3.1875)O_(12):Cr^(3+)(CNGG:Cr^(3+))荧光粉,在460 nm蓝光激发下,可以产生650~1000 nm宽带近红外发射,峰值波长为770 nm。对材料的晶体结构和光谱数据进行了系统分析,计算了Cr^(3+)在CNGG基质中的晶体场强度等参数。通过引入Zn^(2+),显著提高了荧光粉的发光热稳定性,并分析了可能的原因。将CNGG∶Cr^(3+)荧光粉与460 nm蓝光芯片结合,封装成近红外pc-LED,并展示了其在夜视和血管成像领域的应用。

数字基础设施如何影响城市碳排放强度?——基于“宽带中国”战略的准自然实验

在数字经济时代,完善数字基础设施建设是实现减排战略目标的重要手段。选取我国2007—2019年285个城市的面板数据,采用渐进双重差分模型探讨了数字基础设施建设对城市碳排放强度的影响。研究发现,“宽带中国”战略显著降低了城市碳排放强度,在排除可能的非随机选择因素和内生问题后,这一结论仍然有效。异质性分析表明,“宽带中国”战略对碳排放强度的影响具有区位异质性、城市规模异质性和资源禀赋异质性。机制分析表明,城市绿色创新能力和外商直接投资是“宽带中国”战略抑制碳排放强度的重要机制。空间视角下,“宽带中国”战略对碳排放强度具有空间溢出效应,且在不同权重矩阵下有所差异。

回波主动抑制的次级水声发射单元设计与优化

水下航行器的传统涂覆层主要依赖于材料更新及结构优化,难以应对低频主动声波探测。基于超磁致伸缩材料设计一款轻质、薄型、耐高压的低频宽带水声发射单元,着重分析核心部件的设计优化过程,并由PSV-400激光测振仪验证有限元仿真结果。对辐射面板固定方式的模态进行分析,确定主动发射单元的最优边界约束条件。与原始构型的发射单元性能进行对比发现:在水声发射保持良好指向性的前提下,基于有限元分析2000 Hz以下的最高共振频率降低超过10%;基于声振耦合分析主动发射单元在低频范围内辐射声源级最大为147.48 dB,提高4.65%;发射单元声源级高于100 dB的频率带宽超过1500 Hz,且声功率级更高。该发射单元可为后期阵列式应用于大尺度声学覆盖层提供技术支持,具有一定的学术研究价值与广阔的工程应用前景。

The dawn−dusk asymmetry in mesosphere and lower thermosphere temperature disturbances during geomagnetic storms at high latitude

Utilizing observations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER)instrument,we quantitatively assessed the dawn-dusk asymmetry in temperature disturbances within the high-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT)during the main phase of geomagnetic storms in this study.An analysis of five geomagnetic superstorm events indicated that during the main phase,negative temperature disturbances were more prevalent on the dawn side than on the dusk side in the high-latitude MLT region.Results of a statistical analysis of 54 geomagnetic storm events also revealed a notable disparity in temperature disturbances between the dawn and dusk sides.At high latitudes,38.2%of the observational points on the dawn side exhibited negative temperature disturbances(less than−5 K),whereas on the dusk side,this percentage was only 29.5%.In contrast,at mid-latitudes,these proportions were 34.1%and 36.5%,respectively,showing no significant difference.We also conducted a statistical analysis of temperature disturbances at different altitudes,which revealed an increase in the proportion of warming disturbances with altitude.Conversely,the proportion of cooling disturbances initially rose with altitude,reaching a peak around 105 km,and subsequently decreased.These temperature disturbance differences could be explained by the day-night asymmetry in vertical wind disturbances during storm conditions.

Six-and five-coordinated Cr^(3+)in Ga_(2)GeO_(5) invokes tunable broadband near-infrared emission toward night-vision applications

Broadband near-infrared(NIR)light sources play a critical role in widespread applications such as advanced spectroscopy analysis and nondestructive testing.One of the most promising techniques is the fabrication of broadband NIR phosphor-converted light emitting diode(pc-LED).However,the purposeful design of a tunable ultra-broadband NIR-emitting phosphor in a single host is still a challenge.In this work,Ga_(2)GeO_(5) with two sites of six-coordinated[Ga1O_(6)]and five-coordinated[Ga2O_(5)]is chosen to host Cr^(3+),successfully producing tunable broadband NIR luminescence(680-1350 nm).It can be tuned largely from 828 to 970 nm with the full-width at half maximum(FWHM)varied from 208 to 258 nm just by simply adjusting the Cr^(3+)-doping content.The tailoring of the Cr^(3+)NIR spectral emission is ascertained to the site occupation preference and competition.The encapsulation of a prototype of NIR pc-LED with an output power of 29.5mW@390 mA is conducted for the implementation of night-vision application.This work provides a novel broadband NIR phosphor by Cr^(3+)-doping in both the sixand five-coordination field,meanwhile,further demonstrating the feasibility of discovering new host material with more than one crystallographic site for Cr^(3+)to trigger tunable broadband NIR emission.

蓝光激发的KMgF_(3)∶Cr^(3+)/Ni^(2+)基透明微晶玻璃超宽带近红外发光

近红外光谱技术在食品科学、信息安全、生物医疗等重大国计民生领域的应用对近红外光源提出了越来越高的要求。研发具有高效超宽带发射的近红外光源因此成为一项重要且迫切的研究课题。本文采用熔融淬火法在氟硅酸盐玻璃体系SiO_(2)-K_(2)CO_(3)-KF·2H_(2)O-MgF_(2)中成功析出了钙钛矿型KMgF_(3)纳米晶体。通过改变玻璃组分和热处理温度可以调控氟化物纳米晶相的析出,得到析晶和透明度最佳的微晶玻璃样品。玻璃中KMgF_(3)纳米晶体为Cr^(3+)和Ni^(2+)提供了稳定的八面体配位和低声子能量发光环境,在450 nm蓝光激发下,基于Cr^(3+)到Ni^(2+)的能量传递实现了Cr^(3+)(700~1200 nm)和Ni^(2+)(1400~1700 nm)双宽带近红外发射,并且双宽带近红外发光强度随离子掺杂浓度而可调变化。荧光光谱和荧光衰减曲线表征证明了Cr^(3+)到Ni^(2+)的能量传递过程,对应的能量传递效率为52.2%,能量传递机制为电子偶极-四极相互作用。研究结果不仅可以为系统掌握透明光学材料的超宽带发光规律提供基础数据,同时有助于设计开发低成本、高效率的近红外宽带光源。

Cr^(3+)掺杂F^(-)修饰BaScO_(2)F钙钛矿结构宽带近红外荧光粉

Cr^(3+)掺杂的近红外荧光材料,因具有高量子效率、可调的宽带发射及在蓝色光谱范围内的强吸收特性而备受关注。通过晶体场工程,可以调节Cr^(3+)掺杂的近红外荧光材料的发射范围,但常规的阳离子取代对发射范围的调节通常限制在近红外Ⅰ区(波长<1000 nm)。在生物医学成像领域,由于生物组织的吸收、散射和自发荧光较低,在近红外Ⅱ区,能够实现更高的穿透深度及无创或微创的深部组织成像。采用高温固相法,以Ba_(2)Sc_(2)O_(5)类钙钛矿型氧化物为基体,合成了一系列基于F^(-)修饰的近红外荧光粉BaSc_(1-x)O_(2)F:xCr^(3+)(x=0.001—0.01)。通过XRD图谱和容差因子计算,证明了合成的样品具有立方钙钛矿结构。另外,通过漫反射光谱(DRS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段,确认了Cr离子的价态为Cr^(3+)。利用电子顺磁共振(EPR)对Cr^(3+)周围的晶体环境进行检测分析发现,样品在波长700—1400 nm范围内表现出近红外宽带发射,发射中心约在1040 nm处,半峰宽(FWHM)高达250 nm。表明,Cr^(3+)的发射有效覆盖了近红外Ⅱ区。同时,也证明了通过阴离子掺杂调节晶体场强度是可行的。由于PLE光谱和PL光谱在波长700—850 nm范围内存在重叠,随着Cr^(3+)掺杂浓度的增加,发射部分被重吸收,导致发射中心出现明显的红移现象。由于BaSc_(1-x)O_(2)F:xCr^(3+)近红外荧光粉的吸收峰与蓝光LED芯片能够匹配,表明其具有商业化潜力。本研究为生物医学成像领域的近红外Ⅱ区荧光粉转换LED器件提供了优异的宽带近红外光源材料。

数字经济促进碳减排的效应及机制

测度了2011~2019年中国274个地级及以上城市的数字经济,并从理论和实证双重维度探讨了数字经济促进碳减排的效应及其背后的机制.结果表明:数字经济显著地降低了碳排放,数字经济每增长1%,碳排放总量和强度分别下降0.491%、0.966%.随着数字经济发展水平的提高,减排效应更加明显.这一结论在选取地形数据作为工具变量和选取“宽带中国”试点作为准自然实验等进行稳健性检验后仍然成立.此外,东部、非资源型和再生型城市能够更好地发挥数字经济红利推进碳减排;且由于人口规模和城市创新能力的不同,数字经济对碳减排的积极影响存在阈值效应.作用机制分析显示:降低能耗强度、优化产业结构、推进技术进步和数字基建赋能是数字经济实现碳减排的重要机制.数字经济每增长1%,能耗强度效应降低0.154%,而产业结构升级效应、技术进步效应及数字基建赋能效应分别增加0.835%、1.032%、0.351%.

“宽带中国”和低碳城市双试点政策的碳减排效应——基于283个地级市的准自然实验

“宽带中国”和低碳城市试点政策是实现经济、社会和环境可持续发展的重要战略部署。精准评估二者对城市低碳建设的协同作用,为灵活运用政策组合和推广试点政策提供重要启示。基于2010—2020年中国283个城市的面板数据,以“宽带中国”示范城市和低碳城市为研究对象,运用多期双重差分法,探究双试点政策对城市碳排放的作用效果,并讨论其内在影响机制。研究发现:单试点和双试点政策均能降低城市碳排放,但双试点政策的碳减排作用更明显;先成为“宽带中国”示范城市再成为低碳城市的碳减排效果优于先成为低碳城市再成为“宽带中国”示范城市;双试点政策的碳减排效应在东西部地区和大中型城市更显著;双试点政策主要通过提高发明型和改进型绿色技术创新水平促进城市降碳减排。

宽带高功率谐波雷达发射机的设计与实现

近年来雷达探测技术在各个领域发展取得了飞跃发展,广泛应用于军事、民用等方面,谐波雷达由于其非接触性、穿透性和便携性等优点而引发人们关注。为了提高发射机的探测距离分辨率和抗电磁干扰能力,提出了一种宽带高功率谐波雷达发射机的设计方案,对发射前端的功放、天线等关键器件给出了具体的设计过程。通过对谐波雷达发射前端系统的仿真与分析,实物制作与测试,验证了方案的可行性。

方位偶极声波远探测技术研究与应用

偶极横波远探测测井技术是当前缝洞型和复杂储层油气勘探开发和评价不可缺少的技术手段。常规偶极远探测技术受限于180◦方位的不确定性,难以判别缝洞等地质体的真实方位。采用双偶极错位发射多分量阵列接收研究偶极方位识别方法。首先以传统正交偶极模式获得地质体方位探测结果,再以45◦错位角发射偶极声波信号,通过多个邻近接收器的波形差的组合以及反射波在仪器孔径上的时间延迟来区分方位,进一步压制伪像干扰获得地质体真实的方位成像结果。针对弱反射信号,在硬件上,研究了多分量有源接收器阵列声系,有效提升了偶极声波信号信噪比,结合动态增益控制提升反射波幅度;研究了双偶极宽频发射器与多模式发射技术,提高偶极发射功率,保证了偶极声波信号在地层中的远距离传播与反射。数值仿真与实际测井数据表明,双偶极方位识别方法可行,有助于偶极横波远探测技术的进一步发展和应用。

宽带近红外荧光粉KScP_(2)O_(7)∶Cr^(3+)的发光特性研究及近红外LED器件应用

近红外(NIR)器件的小型化和智能化需求推动了高效宽带近红外荧光粉的设计与发展。目前,Cr3+激活的宽带近红外荧光粉主要采用传统的多格位共占据策略设计实现。然而,由于处在不同晶体学格位的Cr3+热猝灭行为不一致和光谱稳定性差等问题,导致其实际应用受限。本文基于单格位占据策略,采用高温固相法制备了一系列宽带近红外荧光粉KSc1-xP_(2)O_(7)∶xCr^(3+)(x=0.01~0.09),并对其晶体结构、发光性能及热猝灭机理进行分析。研究结果表明,在x=0.03时,KSc_(0.97)PO_(7)∶0.03Cr^(3+)(KSP∶0.03Cr^(3+))样品发光强度达到最大值,随后出现浓度猝灭现象,该现象主要归因于相邻Cr^(3+)‐Cr^(3+)之间的能量传递。在蓝光激发下,KSP∶0.03Cr^(3+)样品光谱覆盖700~1200 nm,发射主峰位于857 nm,半高宽为149 nm。此外,通过晶体结构和低温光谱分析以及对Cr^(3+)所处晶体场强度计算,表明该宽带近红外发射的实现归因于Cr^(3+)占据处于弱晶体场(Dq/B=1.98)的Sc^(3+)晶体学格位。在高温373 K时,样品的发光强度为室温下发光强度的60.2%,表明该荧光粉具有良好的热稳定性。最后,利用该荧光粉与蓝光LED芯片制备了近红外荧光粉转换型LED(NIR pc‐LED)器件,证实该荧光粉在生物医学成像、夜视以及食品检测方面具有潜在应用价值。

新型基础设施建设与城市绿色低碳发展——基于“宽带中国”战略的经验证据

以“5G”“云计算”等为代表的新型基础设施为经济稳定以及高质量增长提供了“新基遇”,在推动城市绿色产业链关联以及传统污染行业的深度改造上具有重要意义。鉴于此,新型基础设施是否有助于降低城市的碳排放强度?文章以2014年“宽带中国”战略推动的新型基础设施建设为自然实验,采用双重差分法检验了新型基础设施建设对城市碳排放的影响及其机制。研究表明:新型基础设施建设显著降低了城市碳排放强度,其主要传导机制是促进数字经济发展和优化产业结构。这一结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。进一步的异质性分析发现,新型基础设施的碳排放效应在工业基础好、行政级别高、金融发展水平高以及基础设施水平更完善的的城市影响更为显著。研究结论为推动我国实现碳达峰碳中和目标,促进城市高质量发展提供了新的经验证据。

Ca_(2)TbHf_(2)Al_(3)O_(12)∶Ce^(3+),Cr^(3+)石榴石荧光材料的宽带近红外发射与能量传递

近红外荧光转换型发光二极管(pc‐LED)在光谱分析、生物成像、夜视照明等领域有重要应用价值,得到了人们的广泛关注。本文采用高温固相法制备了一系列Ca_(2)TbHf_(2)Al_(3)O_(12)∶Ce^(3+),xCr^(3+)(CTHAO∶Ce^(3+),xCr^(3+))近红外荧光材料,通过粉末XRD表征结合结构精修技术确定制备的CTHAO∶Ce^(3+),xCr^(3+)为纯相石榴石结构。在该样品中,Tb^(3+)作为基质组成,与掺杂离子Ce^(3+)共同作为Cr^(3+)离子的敏化剂,三者之间存在多种能量传递效应,通过光谱及荧光寿命表征证实存在Ce^(3+)→Tb^(3+)、Ce^(3+)→Cr^(3+)、Tb^(3+)→Cr^(3+)的能量传递过程;重点分析了Tb^(3+)向Cr^(3+)的能量传递机制,以偶极‐四极交互作用为主导,能量传递效率可达79.5%。CTHAO∶Ce^(3+),0.02Cr^(3+)在100℃时的近红外发射强度能保持初始强度的36%,计算得到活化能为0.30 eV。将该样品与410 nm芯片相结合制成器件,在驱动电流为200 mA时,近红外最大输出功率可达7.5 mW,光电转换效率为1.2%。本工作研究了通过多重能量传递提高Cr^(3+)的发光,对于设计和开发Cr^(3+)激发的高效近红外发光材料有一定的指导意义。