Calcium isotopic signatures of depleted mid-ocean ridge basalts from the northeastern Pacific

A number of high-temperature processes(e.g.,melt-rock reactions,metasomatism,partial melting)can produce signifi cant Ca isotopic fractionation and heterogeneity in the mantle,but the mechanism for such fractionation remains obscure.To investigate the eff ect of mantle partial melting on Ca isotopic fractionation,we reported high-precision Ca isotopic compositions of depleted mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORBs)from the East Pacifi c Rise and Ecuador Rift in the northeastern Pacifi c.Theδ44/40 Ca of these MORB samples exhibit a narrow variation from 0.84‰to 0.88‰with an average of 0.85‰±0.03‰,which are similar to those of reported MORBs(0.83‰±0.11‰)and back-arc basin basalts(BABBs,0.80‰±0.08‰)in literature,but are lower than the estimate value for the bulk silicate Earth(BSE,0.94‰±0.05‰).The lowδ44/40 Ca signatures of MORB samples in this study cannot be caused by fractional crystallization,since intermediate-mafi c diff erentiation has been demonstrated having only limited eff ects on Ca isotopic fractionation.Instead,the off set ofδ44/40 Ca between MORBs and the BSE is most likely produced by mantle partial melting.During this process,the light Ca isotopes are preferentially transferred to the melt,while the heavy ones tend to stay in the residue,which is consistent with the fact thatδ44/40 Ca of melt-depleted peridotites increases with partial melting in literature.The behavior of Ca isotopes during mantle partial melting is closely related to the inter-mineral(Cpx and Opx)Ca isotopic fractionation and melting mineral modes.Mantle partial melting is one of the common processes that can induce lowerδ44/40 Ca values in basalts and Ca isotopic heterogeneity in Earth’s mantle.

Magma Dynamics of Axial Melt Lens at Fast-Spreading Mid-Ocean Ridges

Multichannel seismic studies performed at fastspreading mid-ocean ridges revealed the presence of a thin(tens to hundreds of meters high), narrow(< 1-2 km wide) axial melt lens(AML) in the mid-crust, which is underlain by crystal/melt mush that is in turn laterally surrounded by a transition zone of mostly solidified material. In order to shed light on the complexity of magmatic and metamorphic processes ongoing within and at the roof of axial melt lenses, we have focused on the petrological and geochemical record provided by fossilized AMLs. Of particular significance is Hole 1256D in the equatorial Pacific drilled by the International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP), where for the first time, the transition between sheeted dikes and gabbros in intact fast-spreading crust was penetrated, providing a drill core with a more or less continuous record of the upper part of an AML(Teagle et al., 2006;Koepke et al., 2008). This can be regarded as rosetta stone to answer longstanding questions on the complex magmatic evolution within an AML, as well as on metamorphic and anatectic processes ongoing at the roof of a dynamic AML, rising upward in the midcrust as a consequence of a replenishment event. The plutonic rocks drilled from Hole 1256D consist of quartz-bearing gabbros, diorites and tonalites, which might represent the upper part of a fossilized AML. The gabbros and diorites are consistent with modeled products of MORB fractional crystallization, composed of mixed melt and cumulate in varying ratios. Modeled trace elements support a model in which the tonalites originated from low-degree partial melting of the sheeted dikes overlying the AML, rather than extreme fractional crystallization(Erdmann et al., 2015;Zhang et al., 2017a). Therefore, the upper part of AML, largely composed of low density and high-viscosity felsic magmas, may serve as a barrier to eruptible MORB melts in the lower part of AML. Zoning of apatites from three different lithologies, tonalites, diorites, and gabbros, is common and shows a consistent evolution trend with depletion in Cl and REEs from core to rim. The cores are usually homogenous in composition and interpreted as magmatic origin, whereas zones with lower Cl and REEs are disseminated with heterogeneous concentrations, indicating exchanges with hydrothermal fluids. The high-Cl apatite core indicates assimilation of high-Cl brines at a magmatic stage, which is interpreted as immiscibility product from cycling seawater-derived fluids at a high temperature(Zhang et al., 2017b). The variation of F/Cl and Br/Cl ratios of bull rocks may reflect the mixing between MORB magmas and seawater-derived fluids, crystallization of apatite and amphibole, and/or extraction of magmatic fluids(Zhang et al., 2017c).

Model Forming of Mesoarchean Gridino Mafic Dyke Swarm during Subduction "Mid-Ocean Ridge – Continent"

The high-pressure metamorphosed Gridino dyke swarm comprises a major group of Mesoarchean 2.87-2.82 Ga mafic dykes intruded within the Mesoarchean continental crust of the Kola craton(the Belomorian tectonic province

Molybdenum isotope composition of the upper mantle and its origin:insight from mid-ocean ridge basalt

The molybdenum(Mo)isotope system is pivotal in reconstructing marine redox changes throughout Earth’s history and has emerged as a promising tracer for igneous and metamorphic processes.Understanding its composition and variation across major geochemical reservoirs is essential for its application in investigating high-temperature processes.However,there is debate regarding theδ^(98/95)Mo value of the Earth’s mantle,with estimates ranging from sub-chondritic to super-chondritic values.Recent analyses of global mid-ocean ridge basalt(MORB)glasses revealed significantδ^(98/95)Mo variations attributed to mantle heterogeneity,proposing a two-component mixing model to explain the observed variation.Complementary studies confirmed the sub-chondriticδ^(98/95)Mo of the depleted upper mantle,suggesting remixing of subduction-modified oceanic crust as a plausible mechanism.These findings underscore the role of Mo isotopes as effective tracers for understanding dynamic processes associated with mantle-crustal recycling.

Singularity of lithosphere mass density over the mid-ocean ridges and implication on floor depth and heat flow

The relation of heat flow and floor depth across the mid-ocean ridges versus lithosphere age can be described by linear functions of square root of age according to plate thermal conductive Half Space Models(HSM).However,one of the long-standing problems of these classical models is the discrepancies between predicted and observed heat flow and floor depth for very young and very old lithosphere.There have been several recent attempts to overcome this problem:one model incorporates temperature-and pressure-dependent parameters and the second model includes an additional low-conductivity crustal layer or magma rich mantle layer(MRM).Alternatively,in the current paper,the ordinary density of lithosphere in the plate conductive models is substituted with a reduction of lithosphere density towards axis that features the irregularity and nonlinearity of plates across the mid-ocean ridges.A new model is formulated incorporating the new form of density for predicting both peak heat flow and floor depth.Simple solutions of power-law forms derived from the model can significantly improve the predicting results of heat flow and floor depth over the mid-ocean ridges.Several datasets in the literature were reutilized for model validation and comparison.These datasets include both earlier datasets used for original model calibration and the more recently compiled high-quality datasets with both sedimentary and crustal loading corrections.The results indicate that both the heat flow and the slope(first orderderivative)of sea floor approach infinity(undifferentiability or singularities)around the mid-ocean ridges.These singularities are partially due to the boundary condition as it has been already known in the literature and partially to the reduction of density of lithosphere as discovered for the first time in the current research.

洋中脊动力学与俯冲带地震-岩浆-成矿事件远程效应

板块俯冲带和大陆岩浆弧的深部过程与极端地质事件之间存在密切的关系。板块俯冲与造山过程会导致地震、岩浆活动和成矿等事件的发生。这些极端事件的发生与俯冲过程中的壳幔相互作用、地幔楔形成、岩石圈部分熔融、构造-岩浆活动等因素密切相关。然而,人们对洋中脊新生地壳的不均匀性或先天“缺陷”对以上的极端事件的长远影响和远程效应了解甚少。在洋中脊新的地壳形成过程中,由于受到板块扩张、压力降低、软流圈物质上涌等因素的作用,导致新生地壳温度升高、孔隙度和裂缝发育、密度降低、结构复杂的正反馈过程。因此,新生地壳在密度、强度、温度、厚度等方面存在非均质性。这些地壳的差异性将影响和决定板块在扩张和俯冲过程中的行为,并对板块俯冲作用形成的地震、岩浆和成矿等事件产生远程影响。以太平洋俯冲和安第斯造山带为例研究发现,板块运动速度、板块俯冲角度、板片撕裂、岩石圈厚度、Moho面深度等的突变与地震、火山和斑岩矿床的时空分布存在远程关联效应,这些认知对预测板块俯冲-碰撞带发生的极端地质事件的时空分布具有重要意义。

Genesis of ^(230)Th excess in basalts from mid-ocean ridges and ocean islands:Constraints from the global U-series isotope database and major and rare earth element geochemistry

Based on 230Th-238U disequilibrium and major element data from mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORBs) and ocean island basalts(OIBs),this study calculates mantle melting parameters,and thereby investigates the origin of 230Th excess.(230Th/238U) in global MORBs shows a positive correlation with Fe8,Po,Na8,and Fmelt(Fe8 and Na8 are FeO and Na2O contents respectively after correction for crustal fractionation relative to MgO = 8 wt%,Po=pressure of initial melting and Fmelt=degree of melt),while 230Th excess in OIBs has no obvious correlation with either initial mantle melting depth or the average degree of mantle melting.Furthermore,compared with the MORBs,higher(230Th/238U) in OIBs actually corresponds to a lower melting degree.This suggests that the 230Th excess in MORBs is controlled by mantle melting conditions,while the 230Th excess in OIBs is more likely related to the deep garnet control.The vast majority of calculated initial melting pressures of MORBs with excess 230Th are between 1.0 and 2.5 GPa,which is consistent with the conclusion from experiments in recent years that DU>DTh for Al-clinopyroxene at pressures of >1.0 GPa.The initial melting pressure of OIBs is 2.2-3.5 GPa(around the spinel-garnet transition zone),with their low excess 226Ra compared to MORBs also suggesting a deeper mantle source.Accordingly,excess 230Th in MORBs and OIBs may be formed respectively in the spinel and garnet stability field.In addition,there is no obvious correlation of K2O/TiO2 with(230Th/238U) and initial melting pressure(Po) of MORBs,so it is proposed that the melting depth producing excess 230Th does not tap the spinel-garnet transition zone.OIBs and MORBs in both(230Th/238U) vs.K2O/TiO2 and(230Th/238U) vs.Po plots fall in two distinct areas,indicating that the mineral phases which dominate their excess 230Th are different.Ce/Yb-Ce curves of fast and slow ridge MORBs are similar,while,in comparison,the Ce/Yb-Ce curve for OIBs shows more influence from garnet.The mechanisms generating excess 230Th in MORBs and OIBs are significantly different,with formation of excess 230Th in the garnet zone only being suitable for OIBs.

系泊方式与结构外形对水下中部悬置构筑物稳定性影响的数值模拟研究

针对水下中部悬置构筑物,本文基于ANSYS中的Fluent和Aqwa模块,比较了单索单点系泊、三索单点系泊、三索三点系泊及球形、圆柱-半球形、碟形三种外形对其水中稳定性的影响。由数值模拟结果显示,在200 m水深,水流速度为2 m/s作用下,碟形构筑物采用三索单点系泊方式的稳定性更为优。

红海及周边地质构造特征与地球动力学演化

红海是地球上最年轻的大洋,其板块构造活动正处于威尔逊旋回的幼年期。红海南北两端分别连接着威尔逊旋回的胚胎期和终结期,即东非大裂谷和地中海。这一独特的地理位置和构造部位使其成为板块构造理论研究的圣地。本文通过对已有的地质、地球物理和地球化学资料进行综合分析,了解了红海地区的地形、重磁异常和沿脊的玄武岩地球化学组成等地质构造特征,探讨了红海裂谷的洋壳分布、地幔源区不均一性以及扩张演化历史等问题。红海地形中间深、南北两端浅,可以分为北、中北、中南、南等四段。重磁异常的条带主要出现在中南段,其他段不明显,因而限制了以往对红海扩张历史的认识。目前认为红海全段存在洋壳,红海两岸的沿岸悬崖是共轭扩张陆缘,呈向南开口的喇叭型扩张,而非对应红海岸线的梭子型。红海裂谷沿脊的地幔源区具有明显的不均一性,南段玄武岩显示E-MORB特征,表现为阿法尔地幔柱的影响。红海的发育经历了裂谷前火山作用(31~29Ma)、大陆张裂(29~13Ma)和洋底扩张(<13Ma)三个主要阶段。红海裂谷的形成演化与非洲大陆的裂解、阿法尔地幔柱的活动、新特提斯洋的闭合等密切相关,了解红海的地球动力学过程将为揭示区域大地构造演化以及板块运动规律提供依据。

从西南印度洋中脊轴部形态及其两侧沉降速率变化探讨热点与洋中脊相互作用

基于高精度地形数据,将西南印度洋中脊(11.88°E—66.75°E)分为6个区域,按不同区域分析洋脊轴部形态及其两侧基底沉降曲线的变化,由此探讨西南印度洋中脊的岩浆活动及其受热点影响的机制。结果显示:①对于整个西南印度洋中脊,轴部隆起占13.38%,轴部裂谷占82.8%,平坦过渡形占3.82%,其中19°E,36°E,41.2°E,43.7°E,50.4°E和64.5°E等处为较集中的洋脊轴部隆起;②埃里克辛普森—英多姆转换断层之间的区域(39.4°E—45.77°E)显示出异常浅的轴部裂谷和异常小且南北不对称的基底沉降速率,这表明埃里克辛普森—英多姆转换断层之间的区域是热点对洋中脊影响较为明显的区域,南侧较北侧异常小的基底沉降速率表明热点与洋中脊的相互作用主要表现为热点岩浆从洋中脊南部向上流动到岩石圈底部,然后与岩石圈发生相互作用。

武当山十堰地区二叠纪E-MORB型玄武岩识别及构造意义

大比例尺构造—岩相填图和测试分析研究显示南秦岭武当山并非统一前寒武纪基底组成,在十堰和两郧断裂之间的黄龙—方滩及丹江口银洞山等地区识别和厘定出一套中生代混杂岩带,开展混杂岩带内物质组成和成因研究对正确认识武当山造山作用和区域构造演化有重要意义。本文重点对武当山十堰黄龙—方滩地区混杂岩带内玄武岩块体岩石成因及时代进行研究,岩石地球化学显示玄武岩块体为亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列,具有中等Ti、Zr、Hf、Nd含量、弱轻稀土富集重稀土亏损的E-MORB(Enriched Mid-ocean ridge basalt,富集型洋中脊玄武岩)特征,其岩浆为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩低压、高度部分熔融形成,源区可能受富集地幔或俯冲作用等影响导致富集高场强不相容元素;锆石U-Pb测年表明其为中二叠世火山作用产物;区域地质特征及岩石成因研究共同指示该套E-MORB形成于洋中脊或附近海山环境。综上,武当山十堰地区中—晚二叠世存在洋盆,该成果为理解十堰黄龙—方滩混杂岩带成因机制和正确认识南秦岭显生宙构造属性提供了基础资料。

超慢速扩张洋中脊的海底地形分段特征研究

为研究超慢速扩张洋中脊的地形分段特征和中心形态的变化,该文使用多波束水深数据,对西南印度洋中脊(10°-70°E)和加克洋中脊(7°W-102°E)进行二级洋中脊的分段和地形地貌测量,分别划分出71和19个二级洋脊段。测量结果说明,西南印度洋中脊和加克洋中脊的岩浆上涌单元间隔、洋脊段沿轴地形起伏变化、中央裂谷宽度和高度的平均值都大于扩张更快的洋中脊。超慢速扩张洋中脊的二级分段长度与沿轴地形起伏呈正相关,岩浆供给强度是扩张中心形态变化的主要控制因素。

中、西太平洋海山富钴结壳碲元素地球化学特征及其资源潜力

根据太平洋海山群(中太平洋海山群、莱恩海山链)和西太平洋海山群(麦哲伦海山群、马尔库斯维克海山群、马绍尔海山群)5个海山群14座海山的185个富钴结壳样品的碲元素分析测试,研究了其组成特征、空间分布规律、赋存相态及资源潜力。结果表明,研究区富钴结壳中碲元素质量分数的变化范围为17.8~145.2μg/g,平均值为47.4μg/g;各海山群碲元素的含量范围及区域富集程度存在较大差异,富集程度由高到低依次为麦哲伦海山群、马绍尔海山群、马尔库斯维克海山群、中太平洋海山群和莱恩海山链,区域上呈现自西向东逐渐降低的趋势。碲元素含量与水深呈径向相同、纬向相反的趋势,说明碲元素的富集不仅与结壳在海水中的产出深度有关,还与经纬度、海山地形及区域成矿环境有关。淋滤结果显示碲元素主要富集在铁氧化物及残渣态中,富氧环境和生物作用磷酸盐化对碲的富集成矿起决定性作用。参照陆地伴生有用元素最低工业品位要求,中、西太平洋研究区域海山样品富钴结壳碲元素含量均达到了工业品位要求,具有潜在的开发价值。由富钴结壳储量估算,中、西太平洋富钴结壳中碲储量大于7.63万t,是海底碲资源的重要储备基地。

滇西凤庆地区小湾花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其弧-陆俯冲向碰撞汇聚作用

【研究目的】滇西临沧地块岩浆岩带内风庆县小湾花岗岩体的形成机制对限定临沧壳源岩浆弧成因、洋盆俯冲消减及碰撞闭合时间等问题具有重要意义。【研究方法】本文首次报道了小湾花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩相学、全岩主量和微量元素地球化学特征。【研究结果】小湾花岗岩主要由黑云二长花岗岩组成,锆石LA-ICP-MS UPb定年显示其形成年龄为(260.4±1.3)Ma(MSWD=0.32,n=18),表明小湾岩体形成于中二叠世晚期,而非前人认为的中元古代。全岩地球化学分析显示黑云母二长花岗岩A/CNK大于1(1.02~1.47),表明小湾花岗岩体为一套弱过铝质花岗岩组成。该岩体具有高硅(SiO_(2)=67.54%~78.66%)、富碱(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O=6.20%~8.52%)、贫钙(CaO=0.25%~3.20%)、镁(MgO=0.11%~1.95%)、磷(P2O5=0.03%~0.16%)等元素的特征;富集Rb、Th、Ce等大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损Ta、Nb、Zr、Ti、Hf、Y等高场强元素(HFSE),在(Y+Nb)vs.Rb、Yb vs.Ta图解中具有弧花岗岩及同碰撞花岗岩双重地球化学特征。【结论】结合区域资料,本文认为小湾花岗岩体应属于“三江”昌宁—孟连古特提斯洋向东俯冲向汇聚转换背景下,上地壳泥质岩夹部分杂砂岩成分发生部分熔融的产物。本研究为青藏高原西南“三江”昌宁—孟连古特提斯洋弧-陆俯冲向碰撞汇聚的转换提供了重要的年代学及岩石学证据。

长江中下游构造带成因与燕山期的大洋俯冲

位于扬子克拉通内部的长江中下游构造带是一个特别的岩石圈构造带,它的成因一直是个谜。前人认为这与晚侏罗世伊佐奈琦洋向亚欧大陆的俯冲有关,但是为什么伊佐奈琦洋俯冲只在长江中下游构造带局部形成深入内陆的铁铜和多金属成矿带?为了解这个问题,必须从华南地区的地球物理数据来分析研究区的岩石圈和软流圈的属性特征,并进行类似构造的全球对比。根据地球物理调查结果可知,长江中下游构造带的地壳主要体现地堑的特征;岩石圈呈现低S波速与高密度,此类浅地幔动力学构造系统与洋中脊向大陆的俯冲模式接近。根据太平洋区域侏罗纪—白垩纪大洋磁异常条带与古地磁研究可以推测,长江中下游构造带与铁铜多金属成矿带的形成原因,应该是伊佐奈琦洋的洋中脊与洋脊三叉连向下扬子克拉通地幔的俯冲。当然,证明这个推测还需要更多的调查数据。

拉脊山口蛇绿混杂岩中辉绿岩的地球化学特征及SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄

拉脊山口蛇绿混杂岩是分布于中祁连和南祁连构造带之间蛇绿混杂带的重要组成部分。该混杂带中的岩石种类相对齐全，各岩性间为构造接触；其中辉绿岩以岩块和岩墙两种形式产出。辉绿岩块SiO：含量为49．80％～50．13％，MgO含量为5．43％-5．64％，FeOT为10．96％～11．52％，TiO2含量较高（2．38％～2．62％）；辉绿岩墙Si02含量为43．41％～45．74％，MgO含量为9．04％～10．64％，FeOT为8．39％～9．96％，Ti02含量较低（0．89％-1．02％），二者均属拉斑玄武岩系列。其中辉绿岩块乏REE为135．4×10-6～150．9×10-6，（La／／Yb）N=3．51—4．03，具有右倾型稀土配分模式，富集Rb、Ba、K、sr等大离子亲石元素及Th、Nb、Ta、zr、Hf、Ti等高场强元素，呈现洋岛拉斑玄武岩特征；辉绿岩墙EREE为36．10×10-6～43．72×10-6，（La／Yh）N=1．12—1．20，稀土配分曲线相对平坦，呈现出与洋中脊玄武岩相似的稀土和微量元素配分模式。这两类辉绿岩样品均缺乏Nb、Ta和Ti负异常，可能分别形成于洋岛／海山和洋中脊环境：SHRIMP锆石u．Pb测年结果显示，辉绿岩块形成时代为491．0±5．1Ma。这些不同构造属性的辉绿岩可能形成于原特提斯洋向北俯冲消减过程。

微板块构造理论:全球洋内与陆缘微地块研究的启示

任何板块都存在一个由小长大的过程。微地块(微板块)有时是大板块的前身,微地块的起源、生长、夭折、消亡和残留过程对研究板块构造具有重要意义。据其组成,微地块可划分为微陆块、微洋块、微幔块。本文以太平洋、印度洋和大西洋中的微地块为例,系统总结了洋脊增生系统、俯冲消减系统、深海板内系统、伸展裂解系统、碰撞造山系统5种构造环境下的微地块特征,并据此首次进行了成因分类,提出拆离微地块、裂生微地块、转换微地块、延生微地块、跃生微地块、残生微地块、增生微地块、碰生微地块和拆沉微幔块9种类型。对不同类型微地块边界进行了系统界定,并对其成因进行了系统讨论。这些微地块边界类型,包括活动的或死亡的拆离断层、俯冲带、洋中脊、转换断层、破碎带、切割岩石圈的断裂、假断层、洋内汇聚带、叠接扩张中心、非叠接扩张中心、洋脊断错等,其成因的关键研究在于对三节点稳定性进行分析。洋内或洋缘微地块研究,不仅为开展深海大洋精细化构造分析和板块重建工作提供参考,而且对解释大陆内部一些微地块成因具有启发性,可丰富大陆造山带、陆内、板内、幔内和陆缘构造的研究内容,使得造山带演化、板内变形和地幔过程研究更为精细化,甚至推广到早前寒武纪的前板块构造机制研究。

西准噶尔石炭纪洋中脊俯冲岩浆活动:以玛里雅蛇绿岩为例

玛里雅蛇绿岩位于新疆准噶尔西缘达拉布特断裂东侧的弧前增生楔内,形成于石炭纪,出露岩石类型齐全,其中硅质岩与火山岩相间出露,多表现为非构造接触。地球化学特征表明,它们大致可以分为四个系列:(1)A系列为岛弧英安岩,Th强烈富集,可能有洋壳沉积物参与,高场强元素Nb亏损,与洋壳的俯冲有关;(2)M系列与典型洋中脊玄武岩的稀土元素配分模式一致,不过Ba强烈富集,可能受到俯冲流体的影响;(3)E系列位于地幔序列N-MORB和E-MORB之间,表明它可能是地幔岩浆的混合产物,未受到地幔岩浆源区之外物质的影响;(4)O系列与典型的洋岛玄武岩基本一致,只是Ta、La和Th含量略偏低,但都处于地幔序列范围内,可能与其他岩浆源有轻微的混合。这种岩浆特征与智利洋中脊俯冲环境下所产生的岩浆特征一致;由于西准噶尔晚古生代仍然发生俯冲消减,因此推测玛里雅蛇绿岩可能形成于洋中脊俯冲环境。

南天山榆树沟遭受麻粒岩相变质改造的蛇绿岩套研究

新疆南天山榆树沟高压麻粒岩地体的原岩是一层序基本完整的蛇绿岩套。该岩套主要由变质橄榄岩、超镁铁质－镁铁质堆晶岩、下部洋脊拉斑玄武岩、以及上部洋脊拉斑玄武岩等四个岩石单元构成。其岩石学和ＲＥＥ与相对惰性微量元素的地球化学特征表明，该蛇绿岩中的玄武岩属洋脊型；结合区域地质背景分析，初步认为榆树沟蛇绿岩可能形成于具相当规模的洋盆构造环境。锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄表明其形成时代为早古生代中晚期，证实西南天山早古生代蛇绿岩确已延伸至库米什一带。榆树沟麻粒岩相蛇绿岩套的确定以及对其独特的形成和俯冲－折返过程进行深入研究，不仅对进一步探讨天山构造带的形成和演化有重要意义。

东亚与全球地震分布分析

现代地震学是一门年轻的学科,但人类对地震现象的观察、记录和思索已有数千年历史。特别是在中国,很早就有灾害性地震的详细历史记载。最近40多年,我国、东亚及世界其他大陆地区的多次大地震的发生,推动了地震构造研究的发展,加深了对地震分布规律性及其地球动力环境的认识。从地质背景和发生机制看,全球地震构造可分为三大类:第一是太平洋海底地壳与陆缘地壳浅、中、深俯冲构成的地震带;第二是南半球离散地壳块体对北半球大地块边缘碰撞浅俯冲带;第三是全球三大洋脊张裂转换构造带。地球北半部内陆的中纬度地带有4个多震密布区,它们都处于N25°～55°的纬向大陆带内,与大陆会聚所造成的陆内变形有关。4个多震密布区的东半部则是相对少震区,显示出相对稳定的地壳结构。全球表壳GPS矢量场和北南两个极区各有不同,北半球欧亚大陆是向北呈弓字形运动;南半球是南美、非洲、阿拉伯、印度、澳大利亚等5块离散的大陆块,除南美大陆,其他4块大陆都是向NE和NNE方向运动。这4块大陆都是依次运动加速,澳大利亚陆块运动最快,向NNE方向约10 cm/a;同时从南太平洋南部沿NWW方向左型转换断层的运动也是高速的,这两个方向运动的交叉相碰,现已处在全球最为强烈的地震活动区域。北冰洋内群岛GPS站点向阿留申岛弧推进;南极冰陆的9个GPS站点则呈现旋扭状彼此相差约90°,可能表明北/南半球彼此有明显的1/4左右表壳的扭动。从卫星重力数据推测的地球的形状、全球热流的和地内热散失量的分布、地球磁场的西漂以及大地震引起的地球振荡特征等证据推测,地球的内部结构具有一定程度的非对称性和非均匀性,它们对全球板块运动、板块变形以及大地震的空间分布可能有一定的控制作用。