The shrinking Arctic sea-ice area(SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate change.Variations of the Arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively ...The shrinking Arctic sea-ice area(SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate change.Variations of the Arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively well monitored since the 1950s, but are highly uncertain in the earlier period due to a lack of observations. Several reconstructions of the historical gridded sea-ice concentration(SIC) data were recently presented based on synthesized regional sea-ice observations or by applying a hybrid model–empirical approach. Here, we present an SIC reconstruction for the period1901–2019 based on established co-variability between SIC and surface air temperature, sea surface temperature, and sea level pressure patterns. The reconstructed sea-ice data for March and September are compared to the frequently used Had ISST1.1 and SIBT1850 datasets. Our reconstruction shows a large decrease in SIA from the 1920 to 1940 concurrent with the Early 20th Century Warming event in the Arctic. Such a negative SIA anomaly is absent in Had ISST1.1 data. The amplitude of the SIA anomaly reaches about 0.8 mln km^(2) in March and 1.5 mln km^(2) in September. The anomaly is about three times stronger than that in the SIBT1850 dataset. The larger decrease in SIA in September is largely due to the stronger SIC reduction in the western sector of the Arctic Ocean in the 70°–80°N latitudinal zone. Our reconstruction provides gridded monthly data that can be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric reanalyses and model experiments to study the Arctic climate for the first half of the 20th century.展开更多
Language learning materials not only provide language input for learners but also subtly disseminate ideology and influence readers’behavior.This study,based on the framework of ecological discourse analysis,quantita...Language learning materials not only provide language input for learners but also subtly disseminate ideology and influence readers’behavior.This study,based on the framework of ecological discourse analysis,quantitatively analyzes and qualitatively describes the ecological significance of environmental texts in the 21st Century.The aim is to provide references for the compilation of environmental discourse in language learning materials,promote the construction of more ecologically beneficial discourse,and facilitate the widespread dissemination of the ecological philosophy of“Diversity and Harmony,Interaction and Co-existence”among young readers.The initial findings of this study are as follows:In the environmental texts of the publication,a large number of relational processes and action processes are used to objectively represent the natural environment;the discourse tends to be ambiguous and beneficial,generally aligning with the ecological philosophy of“Diversity and Harmony,Interaction and Co-existence.”This can guide readers to correctly understand and face environmental issues,which is conducive to the healthy development of natural ecosystems.展开更多
The restoration of twentieth-century architecture has led the discipline to develop a solid theory which,considering the complexity of new issues to be resolved,can provide useful instruments,above all critical ones,f...The restoration of twentieth-century architecture has led the discipline to develop a solid theory which,considering the complexity of new issues to be resolved,can provide useful instruments,above all critical ones,for operational practice.展开更多
The musical culture of pre-war Danzig/Gdansk remains an area that is not well enough recognized in the scholarly literature.Numerous traces of this musical life are preserved in the collections of the Gdansk Library o...The musical culture of pre-war Danzig/Gdansk remains an area that is not well enough recognized in the scholarly literature.Numerous traces of this musical life are preserved in the collections of the Gdansk Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences.The collection ranges from scholarly publications and scores to an extensive number of concert programs and posters.The collection testifies to the dynamism and diversity of the city’s pre-war musical life.Notable among the collected materials is the role of female figures-composers,singers,and instrumentalists who made significant contributions to the shape of Gdansk musical life.In this article,I will present forgotten profiles of musically committed women:Martha Reincke,Ella Mertins,and Lotte Prins.In light of the surviving materials,it can be assumed that they were significant figures in the musical culture and social life of the city.展开更多
This study explores the role of research as a tool for enhancing students’job creation in the context of 21st-century university education.The survey research design was the approach used for this investigation.The r...This study explores the role of research as a tool for enhancing students’job creation in the context of 21st-century university education.The survey research design was the approach used for this investigation.The researcher created a questionnaire to collect pertinent data for the study from 200 respondents.The questionnaire was duly validated by 3 experts.The internal reliability of the instrument was examined in this study using Cronbach’s alpha(α).Cronbach’s alpha method is able to determine the correlation between the outcomes of each test item and the test’s total score.Google Forms was used to deliver the survey to the respondents electronically.A statistical package was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation.The study hypotheses were also investigated using inferential statistics(t-test)with 198 degrees of freedom and a 0.05 threshold of significance.To determine whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis,the critical value and estimated t-value are compared.Findings suggest that research-oriented education positively impacts students’ability to create job opportunities in the 21st century.Engaging in research projects fosters critical thinking,creativity,and adaptability among students,enabling them to identify and capitalize on emerging trends and market gaps.Furthermore,the study reveals the significance of university-industry collaborations and mentorship programs in enhancing students’entrepreneurial skills and connecting them with practical resources and networks.The implications of this research are significant for educational policymakers,university administrators,and curriculum developers,as it underscores the importance of incorporating research as an integral component of 21st-century university education.展开更多
基金partly supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Agreement No.075-15-2021-577)the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No.23-47-00104)+2 种基金funded by the Research Council of Norway (Grant No.Combined 328935)the support of the Bjerknes Climate Prediction Unit with funding from the Trond Mohn Foundation (Grant No.BFS2018TMT01)the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42261134532)。
文摘The shrinking Arctic sea-ice area(SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate change.Variations of the Arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively well monitored since the 1950s, but are highly uncertain in the earlier period due to a lack of observations. Several reconstructions of the historical gridded sea-ice concentration(SIC) data were recently presented based on synthesized regional sea-ice observations or by applying a hybrid model–empirical approach. Here, we present an SIC reconstruction for the period1901–2019 based on established co-variability between SIC and surface air temperature, sea surface temperature, and sea level pressure patterns. The reconstructed sea-ice data for March and September are compared to the frequently used Had ISST1.1 and SIBT1850 datasets. Our reconstruction shows a large decrease in SIA from the 1920 to 1940 concurrent with the Early 20th Century Warming event in the Arctic. Such a negative SIA anomaly is absent in Had ISST1.1 data. The amplitude of the SIA anomaly reaches about 0.8 mln km^(2) in March and 1.5 mln km^(2) in September. The anomaly is about three times stronger than that in the SIBT1850 dataset. The larger decrease in SIA in September is largely due to the stronger SIC reduction in the western sector of the Arctic Ocean in the 70°–80°N latitudinal zone. Our reconstruction provides gridded monthly data that can be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric reanalyses and model experiments to study the Arctic climate for the first half of the 20th century.
文摘Language learning materials not only provide language input for learners but also subtly disseminate ideology and influence readers’behavior.This study,based on the framework of ecological discourse analysis,quantitatively analyzes and qualitatively describes the ecological significance of environmental texts in the 21st Century.The aim is to provide references for the compilation of environmental discourse in language learning materials,promote the construction of more ecologically beneficial discourse,and facilitate the widespread dissemination of the ecological philosophy of“Diversity and Harmony,Interaction and Co-existence”among young readers.The initial findings of this study are as follows:In the environmental texts of the publication,a large number of relational processes and action processes are used to objectively represent the natural environment;the discourse tends to be ambiguous and beneficial,generally aligning with the ecological philosophy of“Diversity and Harmony,Interaction and Co-existence.”This can guide readers to correctly understand and face environmental issues,which is conducive to the healthy development of natural ecosystems.
文摘The restoration of twentieth-century architecture has led the discipline to develop a solid theory which,considering the complexity of new issues to be resolved,can provide useful instruments,above all critical ones,for operational practice.
文摘The musical culture of pre-war Danzig/Gdansk remains an area that is not well enough recognized in the scholarly literature.Numerous traces of this musical life are preserved in the collections of the Gdansk Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences.The collection ranges from scholarly publications and scores to an extensive number of concert programs and posters.The collection testifies to the dynamism and diversity of the city’s pre-war musical life.Notable among the collected materials is the role of female figures-composers,singers,and instrumentalists who made significant contributions to the shape of Gdansk musical life.In this article,I will present forgotten profiles of musically committed women:Martha Reincke,Ella Mertins,and Lotte Prins.In light of the surviving materials,it can be assumed that they were significant figures in the musical culture and social life of the city.
文摘This study explores the role of research as a tool for enhancing students’job creation in the context of 21st-century university education.The survey research design was the approach used for this investigation.The researcher created a questionnaire to collect pertinent data for the study from 200 respondents.The questionnaire was duly validated by 3 experts.The internal reliability of the instrument was examined in this study using Cronbach’s alpha(α).Cronbach’s alpha method is able to determine the correlation between the outcomes of each test item and the test’s total score.Google Forms was used to deliver the survey to the respondents electronically.A statistical package was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation.The study hypotheses were also investigated using inferential statistics(t-test)with 198 degrees of freedom and a 0.05 threshold of significance.To determine whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis,the critical value and estimated t-value are compared.Findings suggest that research-oriented education positively impacts students’ability to create job opportunities in the 21st century.Engaging in research projects fosters critical thinking,creativity,and adaptability among students,enabling them to identify and capitalize on emerging trends and market gaps.Furthermore,the study reveals the significance of university-industry collaborations and mentorship programs in enhancing students’entrepreneurial skills and connecting them with practical resources and networks.The implications of this research are significant for educational policymakers,university administrators,and curriculum developers,as it underscores the importance of incorporating research as an integral component of 21st-century university education.
