Apolipoprotein E has diverse functions in neurons:Apolipoprotein E(ApoE)is a glycoprotein that primarily regulates lipid metabolism and transport in the central nervous system.There are three predominant human ApoE pr...Apolipoprotein E has diverse functions in neurons:Apolipoprotein E(ApoE)is a glycoprotein that primarily regulates lipid metabolism and transport in the central nervous system.There are three predominant human ApoE protein isoforms with cysteine and arginine substitutions at amino acid positions 112 and 158 that impact their lipidation and related functions(Flowers and Rebeck,2020).ApoE2 is characterized by Cys112 and Cys158,ApoE3 by Cys112 and Arg158,whereas ApoE4 contains Arg112 and Arg158.展开更多
“Inf luenced by the slow recover y of the globa l economy,the continual impact of El Niño,growing local conflicts,the prevalence of trade protectionism and other factors,this year,the global supply and demand fo...“Inf luenced by the slow recover y of the globa l economy,the continual impact of El Niño,growing local conflicts,the prevalence of trade protectionism and other factors,this year,the global supply and demand for agricultural products and trade is under pressure,and the world’s food security has been a serious challenge.Therefore,it is of great and far-reaching significance for all countries in the world to further develop international cooperation in agriculture from a strategic height,in order to maintain the resilience of the international supply chain of agriculture,and to promote mutual benefits and the common development of all parties.”Yu Jianlong,Vice President of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)and Vice President of the China Chamber of International Commerce(CCIC),said at the 2024 China Agricultural Conference for International Economic and Trade Cooperation.展开更多
Two recent trips to cities in China got me thinking a lot about China’s development and efforts to maintain its identity.While China is developing with strong momentum in every sector,it has succeeded at preserving a...Two recent trips to cities in China got me thinking a lot about China’s development and efforts to maintain its identity.While China is developing with strong momentum in every sector,it has succeeded at preserving and upholding its ancient traditions and customs.These trips showed me a country not only keen on technological and infrastructural advancement but also deeply committed to cultural preservation and promotion.In every corner of these cities,I witnessed a harmonious blend of the old and new,a testament to China’s dedication to maintaining its cultural heritage while embracing modernity.展开更多
Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic disorders.Glucose has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts,although fatty acids are also important for osteoblas...Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic disorders.Glucose has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts,although fatty acids are also important for osteoblast function.Here,we report that osteoblasts can derive energy from endogenous fatty acids stored in lipid droplets via lipolysis and that this process is critical for bone formation.As such,we demonstrate that osteoblasts accumulate lipid droplets that are highly dynamic and provide the molecular mechanism by which they serve as a fuel source for energy generation during osteoblast maturation.Inhibiting cytoplasmic lipolysis leads to both an increase in lipid droplet size in osteoblasts and an impairment in osteoblast function.The fatty acids released by lipolysis from these lipid droplets become critical for cellular energy production as cellular energetics shifts towards oxidative phosphorylation during nutrient-depleted conditions.In vivo,conditional deletion of the ATGL-encoding gene Pnpla2 in osteoblast progenitor cells reduces cortical and trabecular bone parameters and alters skeletal lipid metabolism.Collectively,our data demonstrate that osteoblasts store fatty acids in the form of lipid droplets,which are released via lipolysis to support cellular bioenergetic status when nutrients are limited.Perturbations in this process result in impairment of bone formation,specifically reducing ATP production and overall osteoblast function.展开更多
After harvest,potato tubers undergo an important period of dormancy,which significantly impacts potato quality and seed vigor.StSN2 has been reported as a key gene for maintaining tuber dormancy;in this study,we explo...After harvest,potato tubers undergo an important period of dormancy,which significantly impacts potato quality and seed vigor.StSN2 has been reported as a key gene for maintaining tuber dormancy;in this study,we explored the molecular mechanism by which StSN2 maintains dormancy.StBIN2 was first identified as a candidate protein that interacts with StSN2 by co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry,and both qPCR and enzyme activity experiments showed that StSN2 can promote the StBIN2 expression and activity.In addition,the interaction between StSN2 and StBIN2 was verified by yeast two-hybrid,luciferase complementation experiments and co-immunoprecipitation.Bioinformatics analysis and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the critical role of cysteine residues of StBIN2 in its binding to StSN2.Similar to that of StSN2,overexpression of StBIN2 extended the dormancy of potato tuber.Interaction between StSN2 and StBIN2 increased the activity of the StBIN2 enzyme,inhibited the expression of StBZR1,and suppressed BR signaling.On the contrary,this interaction promoted the expression of StSnRK2.2/2.3/2.4/2.6 and StABI5,key genes of ABA signaling,and the phosphorylation of StSnRK2.3,thereby promoting ABA signaling.Altogether,our results indicate that StSN2 interacts with StBIN2 through key cysteine residues and StBIN2 maintains tuber dormancy by affecting ABA and BR signaling.Findings of this research offer new insights into the molecular mechanism by which StSN2 maintains potato tuber dormancy through interaction with StSIN2 and provide guidance for potato improvement.展开更多
Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of thermal aging on the shear bond strength of three different types of cement used to retain band and loop space maintainers cemented on extracted human perman...Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of thermal aging on the shear bond strength of three different types of cement used to retain band and loop space maintainers cemented on extracted human permanent molar teeth. Methods: A total of 66 newly extracted permanent molars were used in this study. Eighteen teeth were used as a control and did not undergo thermal aging (six per group). All sample teeth were randomly divided into three groups: KetacCem, RelyX Luting Plus, and RelyX Unicem 2. After bonding procedures, all experimental groups undergo thermal aging. The shear bond strength of all samples was conducted using the Ultratester machine. Findings were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA and Turkey’s post hoc tests. Results: Among the examined groups, Ketac Cem presented with the highest recorded shear bond (11.4 MPa), while RelyX Luting Plus showed the lowest (3.2 MPa). The control groups recorded the highest shear bond strength compared to all examined groups;Ketac Cem showed the highest shear bond strength (12.8 Mpa), and RelyX Luting Plus had the least recorded reading (5.4 Mpa). Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present study, there was a statistically significant difference between the examined groups;Ketac Cem showed a higher shear bond cement than RelyX luting Plus and RelyX Unicem.展开更多
Eating a meal normally doesn’t trigger an inflammatory immune reaction,but how the body maintains tolerance to food has been unclear.Now,a new study published in Cell(doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.027)by scientists at t...Eating a meal normally doesn’t trigger an inflammatory immune reaction,but how the body maintains tolerance to food has been unclear.Now,a new study published in Cell(doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.027)by scientists at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)and Yale University School of Medicine reveals an unexpected role of a protein called gasdermin D(GSDMD)in inducing immune tolerance to food in the small intestine.展开更多
From December 2 to 4,2022,Guangzhou hosted the 19th International Finance Forum(IFF)annual meeting,themed“The Ever-Changing World:Reshaping Our Shared Future.”The event was attended by leaders of world organizations...From December 2 to 4,2022,Guangzhou hosted the 19th International Finance Forum(IFF)annual meeting,themed“The Ever-Changing World:Reshaping Our Shared Future.”The event was attended by leaders of world organizations including the United Nations,the International Monetary Fund,and the World Bank.展开更多
随着集成电路的发展,电子设备变得越来越复杂,对于通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus,USB)接口的验证来说,传统的验证方法已经无法满足需求。使用通用验证方法学(Universal Verification Methodology,UVM)验证平台可以提高验证效率,减...随着集成电路的发展,电子设备变得越来越复杂,对于通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus,USB)接口的验证来说,传统的验证方法已经无法满足需求。使用通用验证方法学(Universal Verification Methodology,UVM)验证平台可以提高验证效率,减少人工操作和误差,保证USB设备的品质和可靠性。本文介绍了一种基于UVM的USB接口验证平台设计,该平台可以对USB接口进行模块化和可重用性设计,支持自动化测试流程,测试数据的收集和分析等功能。通过应用UVM验证平台,针对USB接口传输方式对其单次传输过程进行封装并继承使用,加速USB设备的开发和测试进程,提高产品质量和生产效率。实验结果表明,与传统的验证方法相比,使用UVM验证平台可以显著提高验证效率和精度。此外,该平台还具有高可靠性和高可维护性,可广泛应用于各种USB设备的开发与生产过程中。展开更多
基金supported by core funding provided by Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory(to CTO)。
文摘Apolipoprotein E has diverse functions in neurons:Apolipoprotein E(ApoE)is a glycoprotein that primarily regulates lipid metabolism and transport in the central nervous system.There are three predominant human ApoE protein isoforms with cysteine and arginine substitutions at amino acid positions 112 and 158 that impact their lipidation and related functions(Flowers and Rebeck,2020).ApoE2 is characterized by Cys112 and Cys158,ApoE3 by Cys112 and Arg158,whereas ApoE4 contains Arg112 and Arg158.
文摘“Inf luenced by the slow recover y of the globa l economy,the continual impact of El Niño,growing local conflicts,the prevalence of trade protectionism and other factors,this year,the global supply and demand for agricultural products and trade is under pressure,and the world’s food security has been a serious challenge.Therefore,it is of great and far-reaching significance for all countries in the world to further develop international cooperation in agriculture from a strategic height,in order to maintain the resilience of the international supply chain of agriculture,and to promote mutual benefits and the common development of all parties.”Yu Jianlong,Vice President of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)and Vice President of the China Chamber of International Commerce(CCIC),said at the 2024 China Agricultural Conference for International Economic and Trade Cooperation.
文摘Two recent trips to cities in China got me thinking a lot about China’s development and efforts to maintain its identity.While China is developing with strong momentum in every sector,it has succeeded at preserving and upholding its ancient traditions and customs.These trips showed me a country not only keen on technological and infrastructural advancement but also deeply committed to cultural preservation and promotion.In every corner of these cities,I witnessed a harmonious blend of the old and new,a testament to China’s dedication to maintaining its cultural heritage while embracing modernity.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health(NIH),the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases(NIAMS)Grant K01AR072123(ER-R)the American Society of Bone and Mineral Research(ASBMR)Rising Star awardprovided by NIH-National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease(NIDDK)Grant DK116056(MPC)。
文摘Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic disorders.Glucose has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts,although fatty acids are also important for osteoblast function.Here,we report that osteoblasts can derive energy from endogenous fatty acids stored in lipid droplets via lipolysis and that this process is critical for bone formation.As such,we demonstrate that osteoblasts accumulate lipid droplets that are highly dynamic and provide the molecular mechanism by which they serve as a fuel source for energy generation during osteoblast maturation.Inhibiting cytoplasmic lipolysis leads to both an increase in lipid droplet size in osteoblasts and an impairment in osteoblast function.The fatty acids released by lipolysis from these lipid droplets become critical for cellular energy production as cellular energetics shifts towards oxidative phosphorylation during nutrient-depleted conditions.In vivo,conditional deletion of the ATGL-encoding gene Pnpla2 in osteoblast progenitor cells reduces cortical and trabecular bone parameters and alters skeletal lipid metabolism.Collectively,our data demonstrate that osteoblasts store fatty acids in the form of lipid droplets,which are released via lipolysis to support cellular bioenergetic status when nutrients are limited.Perturbations in this process result in impairment of bone formation,specifically reducing ATP production and overall osteoblast function.
基金This work was supported by the Innovation Team Project no.sccxtd-2023-09 of the Modern Agricultural Industrious Technology System of Sichuan Provincethe Biological Breeding Project no.SKL-ZY202203 of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China.We thank A&L Scientific Editing(www.alpublish.com)for the linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.
文摘After harvest,potato tubers undergo an important period of dormancy,which significantly impacts potato quality and seed vigor.StSN2 has been reported as a key gene for maintaining tuber dormancy;in this study,we explored the molecular mechanism by which StSN2 maintains dormancy.StBIN2 was first identified as a candidate protein that interacts with StSN2 by co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry,and both qPCR and enzyme activity experiments showed that StSN2 can promote the StBIN2 expression and activity.In addition,the interaction between StSN2 and StBIN2 was verified by yeast two-hybrid,luciferase complementation experiments and co-immunoprecipitation.Bioinformatics analysis and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the critical role of cysteine residues of StBIN2 in its binding to StSN2.Similar to that of StSN2,overexpression of StBIN2 extended the dormancy of potato tuber.Interaction between StSN2 and StBIN2 increased the activity of the StBIN2 enzyme,inhibited the expression of StBZR1,and suppressed BR signaling.On the contrary,this interaction promoted the expression of StSnRK2.2/2.3/2.4/2.6 and StABI5,key genes of ABA signaling,and the phosphorylation of StSnRK2.3,thereby promoting ABA signaling.Altogether,our results indicate that StSN2 interacts with StBIN2 through key cysteine residues and StBIN2 maintains tuber dormancy by affecting ABA and BR signaling.Findings of this research offer new insights into the molecular mechanism by which StSN2 maintains potato tuber dormancy through interaction with StSIN2 and provide guidance for potato improvement.
文摘Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of thermal aging on the shear bond strength of three different types of cement used to retain band and loop space maintainers cemented on extracted human permanent molar teeth. Methods: A total of 66 newly extracted permanent molars were used in this study. Eighteen teeth were used as a control and did not undergo thermal aging (six per group). All sample teeth were randomly divided into three groups: KetacCem, RelyX Luting Plus, and RelyX Unicem 2. After bonding procedures, all experimental groups undergo thermal aging. The shear bond strength of all samples was conducted using the Ultratester machine. Findings were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA and Turkey’s post hoc tests. Results: Among the examined groups, Ketac Cem presented with the highest recorded shear bond (11.4 MPa), while RelyX Luting Plus showed the lowest (3.2 MPa). The control groups recorded the highest shear bond strength compared to all examined groups;Ketac Cem showed the highest shear bond strength (12.8 Mpa), and RelyX Luting Plus had the least recorded reading (5.4 Mpa). Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present study, there was a statistically significant difference between the examined groups;Ketac Cem showed a higher shear bond cement than RelyX luting Plus and RelyX Unicem.
文摘Eating a meal normally doesn’t trigger an inflammatory immune reaction,but how the body maintains tolerance to food has been unclear.Now,a new study published in Cell(doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.027)by scientists at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)and Yale University School of Medicine reveals an unexpected role of a protein called gasdermin D(GSDMD)in inducing immune tolerance to food in the small intestine.
文摘From December 2 to 4,2022,Guangzhou hosted the 19th International Finance Forum(IFF)annual meeting,themed“The Ever-Changing World:Reshaping Our Shared Future.”The event was attended by leaders of world organizations including the United Nations,the International Monetary Fund,and the World Bank.
文摘随着集成电路的发展,电子设备变得越来越复杂,对于通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus,USB)接口的验证来说,传统的验证方法已经无法满足需求。使用通用验证方法学(Universal Verification Methodology,UVM)验证平台可以提高验证效率,减少人工操作和误差,保证USB设备的品质和可靠性。本文介绍了一种基于UVM的USB接口验证平台设计,该平台可以对USB接口进行模块化和可重用性设计,支持自动化测试流程,测试数据的收集和分析等功能。通过应用UVM验证平台,针对USB接口传输方式对其单次传输过程进行封装并继承使用,加速USB设备的开发和测试进程,提高产品质量和生产效率。实验结果表明,与传统的验证方法相比,使用UVM验证平台可以显著提高验证效率和精度。此外,该平台还具有高可靠性和高可维护性,可广泛应用于各种USB设备的开发与生产过程中。
