Ecological Environment Problems and Countermeasures of Small and Middle-sized Rivers in Shandong Province

Water uses in small and middle-sized rivers, and non-ecological treatment model has deteriorated local environment in Shandong. The research reviewed ecological environment status quo of small and middle rivers and concluded existing problems. Finally, ecological treatments were proposed based on treatments at home and abroad in order to improve eco-environment of rivers and build better Shandong.

Application of Multi-agent Models to Urban Expansion in Medium and Small Cities: A Case Study in Fuyang City,Zhejiang Province,China

In this study, three-phase satellite images were used to define rules for the allocation of time and space in construction land resources based on a complex adaptive system and game theory. The decision behavior and rules of government agent, enterprise agent and resident agent in construction land growth were explored. A distinctive and dynamic simulation model of construction land growth was built, which integrated multi-agent, GIS technology and RS data and described the interaction among influencing agents, Taking Fuyang City in the Changjiang River Delta as an example, an assessment process for the remote sensing data in construction land and scenario planning was constructed. Repast and ArcGIS were used as simulation platforms. A simulation of the spatial pattern in land-use planning and the setting of scenario planning were conducted by using the incomplete active game, which was based on different natural, social and economic levels. Through this model, a simulation of urban planning space and decision-making for Fuyang City was created. Relevant non-structured problems arising from urban planning management could be identified, and the process and logic of urban planning spatial decision-making could thus be improved. Cell-by-cell comparison showed that the simulation accuracy was over 72%. This model has great potential for use by government and town planners in decision support and technique support in the policy-making process.

Problems in the Development of Small Cities and Towns in West China and Countermeasures: A Case Study of Luzhou City, Sichuan Province

New urbanization targets at coordinated urban-rural development, and construction of ecological and livable environment, it is the foundation for breaking urban-rural dual structure of China and promoting the agricultural modernization. Small cities and towns as carriers of new urbanization have already become important paths of realizing new urbanization and solving problems concerning 300 million peasants in China. Considering the requirements of new urbanization, this paper took Luzhou City in Sichuan Province for example to explore development path suitable for small cities and towns in west China and gave pertinent suggestions.

On the Development Principles and Models of Recreational Belt around Small and Middle Cities

The definition and type of recreational belt around metropolis were introduced,the development principles of recreational spot around small and middle cities were analyzed.With Baoding City as an example,the empirical analysis was conducted,and the development models of recreational spot around metropolis in Baoding City were put forward.

Analysis on the Green Space System Planning of Small Cities in Mountainous Areas

With the urban green space system planning of small cities in mountainous areas as the study object,the planning practices are analyzed and studied to summarize the common characteristics of urban green space system planning in those small cities.Being combined with relevant national standards and regulations,the problems that those small cities are faced with in their urban green space system planning are analyzed,then corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to resolve problems in the practical planning.

Construction Features of Small Roadside Parks in Tropical Area——A Case Study of Zhanjiang City

Accessibility and flexibility of small roadside parks make them significant transitional spaces in urban landscape environment. Three representative small parks in Zhanjiang City, a typical tropical city in south China, were selected to analyze their location features, spatial processing, demonstration of regional landscapes and recreational characteristics. It was proposed that construction of small roadside parks in tropical area should put human needs on the priority, present regional features of tropical garden landscapes, and focus on inheritance and innovation of regional cultures.

Planning of Small Cities and Towns in Northwest China Based on New Urbanization Concepts

Construction and development of small cities and towns is signifi cant for promoting economic and social development,and solving issues concerning "agriculture,rural areas and peasants". In view of the rapid development of small cities and towns,confl icts and problems in the planning and construction of the small cities and towns in northwest China have emerged and brought negative infl uence on their healthy and sustainable development. On the basis of analyzing scientifi c connotations and construction needs of new urbanization,development of northwest China,and reviews on planning of small cities and towns in this region,planning paths against the background of new urbanization were explored.

Comprehensive Reform and Construction of Small Towns:A Case Study of Ningde City

Taking Ningde City as an example,this paper analyzed current situations of construction and comprehensive reform of small towns.It further discussed existing problems and causes in the construction and comprehensive reform of small towns.Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations,in the hope of providing some valuable references for construction and comprehensive reform of small towns in Ningde City.

Study on Landscape Character Assessment System in Small Cities and Towns

The paper elaborated landscape character assessment system of small cities and towns, defi ned the assessment objects, application range of assessment fruits, specifi c evaluation methods and procedures. Taking Gexianshan Town in Pengzhou City for example, technical means for assessing landscape characters were adopted for the landscape assessment, which provided professional support for the future planning.

Development Mode of Mid-small Cities in Northern Jiangsu Based on the Growth Pole Theory

The development mode of mid-small cities in northern Jiangsu is analyzed on the Growth Pole theory.Depending on scales,endowment of resources,geographical positions,and industrial advantages of mil-small cities,we can divide the development mode of those mid-small cities within this context into five types:development through integration into big cities;independent development;resource-dependent development;single industry development;and mixed industry development.

Small Town Construction in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period: A Case Study of Shangrao City

The 12 th Five-Year Plan period was unusual five years in the development of China. Under the dual pressure of complex international environment and arduous domestic reform task,China made outstanding achievements in economic development,which lays a solid foundation for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the 13 th Five-Year Plan period. The key and difficult points of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects lie in solving issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas. The 18 th National Congress of the CPC stated that integrated urban and rural development is the fundamental approach for solving issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas. As a transitional form from rural areas to urban areas,small town play an important role in integrated urban and rural development. In the 13 th Five-Year Plan period,China should take a new road of characteristic urbanization,energetically develop key towns,central towns,and characteristic towns,use points to drive areas,and promote coordinated progress of urbanization construction and new countryside construction. Focusing on the objective of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and taking Shangrao City as an example,we analyzed construction of small town,in order to provide scientific theoretical reference for urbanization development,plan preparation,and policy formulation of Shangrao City.

Discussion on the Technological Path of Promoting the Sponge City Construction by Systematic Scheme in Small Catchment

Construction of the sponge city by small catchment is going to be the fundamental approach to contiguously promote the development of sponge city during the next phase in China.An effective guiding scheme to guarantee the contiguous promotion of sponge city is the systematic scheme of sponge city.An area in Shenzhen is taken as an example,and the compiling method and challenges of systematic scheme of sponge city are explored,principally including the targets setting under small catchment,the structure of overall thinking,compiling the scheme of runoff emission reduction from the source,perfecting aquatic environment,promoting water safety by the orientation of objective and issue,as well as the integration of each scheme and arrangement of construction mission.

Full scale application of combined SBF-AS process for municipal wastewater treatment in small towns and cities in China

The combined submerged biofilm （ SBF）-activated sludge （AS） process for treatment of municipal wastewater in a small city in China is described in this paper. The process exhibited high removal efficiencies for carbonaceous substances, nitrogen and phosphorus which mainly took place in the combined SBF-AS biore- actor. The SBF-AS bioreactor was divided into pre-anoxic, anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones from inlet to outlet, in which fixed biofilm carriers were packed. Excellent performance had been obtained under normal operating conditions in more than one year of operation in Dong＇ e municipal WWTP, Shandong province, with mean removal efficiencies of BOD5 93.4%, COD 88%, SS 92%, NH4 - N 82. 1%, TP 75% and TN 66.7%, and quite high effluent quality such as BOD5 6 to 10 rag/L, COD 20 to 40 rag/L, SS 5 to 10 rag/L, TN 10 to 20 rag/L, NH4 - N 4 to 8 mg/L and TP 0. 6 to 1.0 mg/L. The effluent was reused multi-purposely, such as toilet flushing, green belt watering and artificial lake pounding. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification took place due to the DO gradient in biofilm in aerobic zone of the SBF-AS bioreactor, which made TN removal efficiency improved remarkably in system. Some activated sludge was returned from final clarifiers to the bioreactor for phosphorus removal. The process had the advantages of low investment and low operational/ maintenance （O/M） costs, low sludge yield and was preferably employed in small towns and cities.

Five-force Analysis and Market Strategies of Budget Hotels in Small and Medium-sized Cities --ake Xuchang Jinjiang INN for Example

Budget hotels, as an emerging hotel model, were started and attained a rapid development in China in the last ten years, and have proven to be important part of China抯 hotel industry. As competitions in the hotel industry become increasingly fiercer, budget hotel brands launch a fight for seizing more market share. Therefore, it is necessary for Xuchang Jinjiang INN as a famous hotel brand to be distinguished from the hotel product strategies of the developed economic areas in the development environment of the small and medium-sized tourism cities, so as to adapt to the characteristics of regional market.

Small and Scenic Fenghuang City

FENGHUANG(Chinese for phoenix), a small city under the jurisdiction of the Tujia Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province, borders northern Guizhou Province and eastern Chongqing Municipality. Surrounded by mountains and girdled by the Tuojiang River, this small, quiet city is famous for its beautiful landscape, and as birthplace of several celebrated Chinese personages.Fenghuang’s history dates back 1,316 years. It was originally named Weiyang, and its location was in today’s

数字金融发展与中小城市劳动力回流——基于CHFS数据的考察

伴随着数字技术的日新月异,数字金融发展给中小城市吸引劳动力回流带来了重要机遇。基于经典理论对劳动力回流动机的阐述,借助2017年和2019年CHFS数据,运用Logit模型实证检验了数字金融发展对中小城市劳动力回流的影响。研究发现:数字金融发展在研究期内能够有效吸引中小城市劳动力回流,这一结论在经过内生性讨论和一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;机制检验表明,数字金融发展通过提高预期收入进而吸引劳动力回流的作用渠道存在,创业环境在数字金融发展促进劳动力回流过程中发挥了中介作用,数字金融发展吸引劳动力回流的过程受到了数字经济发展的正向调节;异质性分析显示,更小家庭规模的劳动力在回流过程中对数字金融发展更为关注,其他婚姻状况和已婚且年龄较大的劳动力在回流过程中受数字金融发展的吸引更强,传统金融发展水平较高城市的回流劳动力更加关注数字金融发展。研究结论丰富了学界对劳动力回流的认知,为后续相关研究和政策制定提供了参考。

基于GIS技术的山地小城镇雨洪灾害风险评估

在快速城镇化和工业化背景下,城市的自然灾害风险日益暴露,尤其是雨洪灾害问题日益突出。针对巩义市近年来不断发生的洪涝灾害,基于自然灾害风险评估理论,构建以致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境孕险性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力为评价因子的雨洪灾害风险模型,共选取14个指标进行定量分析,运用SCS模型和GIS空间分析功能,最终得出巩义市雨洪灾害综合风险区划图。结果表明:巩义市米河镇、回郭镇、芝田镇、孝义街道等地区致灾因子危险性较大;北部、西部和东部包括河洛镇、孝义街道、回郭镇、芝田镇、米河镇等孕灾环境孕险性较高;西部和中部承灾体易损性较大,包括回郭镇、芝田镇、站街镇等;北部整体防灾减灾能力较强,包括站街镇、紫荆路街道等地区。综合来说,巩义市雨洪灾害总体风险等级较高,高风险区主要分布在中部偏北和西部,呈带状分布。

良渚古城老虎岭水坝遗址考古剖面保护研究与工程实践

良渚古城老虎岭水坝遗址是我国迄今发现最早的大型水利工程系统中的一处典型遗存,对中国文明起源和世界文明史的研究具有重要意义。为清晰地展示老虎岭水坝土遗址上“草裹泥”筑坝工艺的痕迹,针对温热、潮湿、多雨环境土遗址保护的难题,在总结吸取国内土遗址保护经验教训的基础上,借助浙江大学的研究成果和敦煌研究院的工程经验,提出了一套避免使用化学材料加固,而以“黑屋+隔水+控湿”为主的小环境控制工程策略,包括:构建遮光大棚以避雨和抑制绿色生物生长;铺设防水毯以防止坝体渗水;设置电加热玻璃罩以保湿和封闭展示面;采用气相补水以调控空气湿度和土体含水率;采用植物精油等绿色环保技术防治微生物;同时做好遗址实时监测和管护等。这套综合保护措施是土遗址保护理念和工程实践的一次新的尝试。

基于CCR模型的中小城市公交运行效率评价方法

为了缓解资源的有限性和城市公交服务日益增长需求对公交系统运营和发展带来的压力,提高公交线路运行效率,构建以线路长度、重复系数、非直线系数、站点覆盖率、站点数量和线网密度为投入指标,线路可达性和行车准点率为产出指标的评价指标体系,采用数据包络分析法中的CCR模型对公交线路运行效率进行评价。以本溪市主城区16条公交线路运营情况为例,进行有效性分析。分析结果表明:1路、9路、25路、26路、32路、33路综合效益值均小于1,线路运行效率仍有待提升,其中线路长度、站点数量两个指标影响程度较高,可基于实际情况对该指标进行优化,提高线路运行效率。研究成果可为本溪市公交发展与城乡规划提供参考依据,也可为中小城市公交线路运行效率评价提供新的思路。