The goal of this study was to record Muncie, Indiana residents’ change in eating habits over time. Objectives: 1) Identify key determinants that influence a change in participants’ eating habits;2) Analyze the data ...The goal of this study was to record Muncie, Indiana residents’ change in eating habits over time. Objectives: 1) Identify key determinants that influence a change in participants’ eating habits;2) Analyze the data for convergent themes among participants and draw patterns;and 3) Compare patterns found in this study population with existing literature and/or accepted theories within the field. Hypotheses on changes in food patterns included: 1) Socio-economic status in the middle-class population maintained daily food production to remain inside the home;2) Women working outside the home reduced labor hours allotted to home cooking;and 3) Social norms valued home cooking resulting in home prepared meals. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional, oral-history, interview format. The study sample consisted of 25 seniors (65y - 100y old) from a convenience sample taken from one, medium-sized, mid-western town, Muncie, Indiana. The study involved use of a semi-structured, questionnaire/interview script, (approved by Ball State University’s IRB committee). Results: Economics greatly influenced, and continues to influence, food consumption patterns for depression-era born adults. Women who grew up on home-only cooked meals, but entered the workforce adjusted traditional meals in favor of convenience. Implications: Health care providers trying to change dietary habits of older residents residing in the Midwest will need to consider foods and food preparatory methods introduced in childhood;these remained key components of the diet later in life and removing them may be met with resistance.展开更多
The fish and seafood market in the Midwestern region of the United States is currently dominated by frozen products. Fish producers in the region may be able to market their products as fresh, regionally grown and far...The fish and seafood market in the Midwestern region of the United States is currently dominated by frozen products. Fish producers in the region may be able to market their products as fresh, regionally grown and farmed fish. Fish producers may be able to supply fresh fish products that have not been previously frozen but preserved fresh with ice. The study examined retailers’ willingness to pay more for Midwestern fresh fish adopting the literature on consumers’ willingness to pay for market services or products, assuming that retailers understand their customers, and that they are able to add any premiums paid for to their retail prices. The overall probability of retailers paying more for regionally grown fresh-on-ice fish is low though consistency in supply and sourcing out of state positively affected the probability to pay more. In spite of these positive factors on willingness to pay more for Midwestern fresh-on-ice fish, Midwestern fish producers would probably remain non-competitive in the fresh-on-ice fish market in the short and medium term, and should continue to focus on the live market.展开更多
This paper presents the development and application of a three-dimensional numerical model for simulating the flow field and pollutant transport in a flood zone near the confluence of the Mississippi River and Iowa Ri...This paper presents the development and application of a three-dimensional numerical model for simulating the flow field and pollutant transport in a flood zone near the confluence of the Mississippi River and Iowa River during the US Midwest Flood in 2008. Due to a prolonged precipitation event, a levee along the Iowa River just upstream of Oakville, Iowa broke, and the small town was completely flooded for a couple of weeks. During this period, the high water level in the flood zone reached about 2.5 metersabove the ground, and wind was the major force for the flow circulation. It was observed that some pollutants were leaked from the residential and farming facilities and transported into the flood zone. Leaking of pollutants from these facilities was reported by different news media during the flood and was identified using high resolution satellite imagery. The developed 3D numerical model was first validated using experimental measurements, and then applied to the flood inundated zone in Oakville for simulating the unsteady hydrodynamics and pollutant transport. The simulated pollutant distributions were generally in good agreement with the observed data obtained from satellite imagery.展开更多
Watching the winds in northwest Iowa during more than 30 summers has led me to two conclusions about the local atmosphere at ground level: there is a net northward transport of heat and water taking place throughout t...Watching the winds in northwest Iowa during more than 30 summers has led me to two conclusions about the local atmosphere at ground level: there is a net northward transport of heat and water taking place throughout the summer;warm humid winds from the south continually alternate with cool dry winds from the north. The proposed northward heat transfer is consistent with the constraint, placed on the motions of the oceans and the atmosphere, of the earth’s heat balance due to the increased absorption of solar radiation at low latitudes compared to that at high latitudes. At mid-latitudes in the interior of continents, like North America, it is the job of the atmosphere alone to constantly help satisfy the global heat balance. Although qualitative in nature, the predicted northward heat flux is strongly based on frequent observations over lengthy time intervals.展开更多
This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the Midwest region of the United States, particularly the rising temperatures and precipitation brought about by hot weather activities and technol...This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the Midwest region of the United States, particularly the rising temperatures and precipitation brought about by hot weather activities and technological advances since the 19th century. From 1900 to 2010, temperatures in the Midwest rose by an average of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit, which would also lead to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Precipitation is also expected to increase due to increased storm activity and changes in regional weather patterns. This paper explores the impact of these changes on urban and agricultural areas. In urban areas such as the city of Chicago, runoff from the increasing impervious surface areas poses challenges to the drainage system, and agriculture areas are challenged by soil erosion, nutrient loss, and fewer planting days due to excessive rainfall. Sustainable solutions such as no-till agriculture and the creation of grassland zones are discussed. Using historical data, recent climate studies and projections, the paper Outlines ways to enhance the Midwest’s ecology and resilience to climate change.展开更多
The plane and profile geological models at the end of Neocene in the midwest of Tabei uplift are established on the basis of seismic data of oil field and tectonic analysis,and the numerical simulation results of tect...The plane and profile geological models at the end of Neocene in the midwest of Tabei uplift are established on the basis of seismic data of oil field and tectonic analysis,and the numerical simulation results of tectonic stress field in the area are obtained using linear elastic finite element method.Modeling results indicate that N-S regional compressive stress dominates the stress field of the whole area at that time,as well as that all faults of Yaha,Luntai,Hongqi,Yingmai 7 are compresso-shear structures with sinistral strike slip,while Kalayuergun fault is right lateral,and Yangtake fault is pure compressive thrust.In the condition of regional compressive stress,local stress field is formed,and affected by the main faults,which controlles the generation of secondary structures.In the modeling results of profile stress field,the orientation of the major principal stress change from horizon to incline in the middle of the uplifting area and the vertical stress component becomes bigger,which is the main factor to control the development of the compressional and subtuberant structures.展开更多
文摘The goal of this study was to record Muncie, Indiana residents’ change in eating habits over time. Objectives: 1) Identify key determinants that influence a change in participants’ eating habits;2) Analyze the data for convergent themes among participants and draw patterns;and 3) Compare patterns found in this study population with existing literature and/or accepted theories within the field. Hypotheses on changes in food patterns included: 1) Socio-economic status in the middle-class population maintained daily food production to remain inside the home;2) Women working outside the home reduced labor hours allotted to home cooking;and 3) Social norms valued home cooking resulting in home prepared meals. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional, oral-history, interview format. The study sample consisted of 25 seniors (65y - 100y old) from a convenience sample taken from one, medium-sized, mid-western town, Muncie, Indiana. The study involved use of a semi-structured, questionnaire/interview script, (approved by Ball State University’s IRB committee). Results: Economics greatly influenced, and continues to influence, food consumption patterns for depression-era born adults. Women who grew up on home-only cooked meals, but entered the workforce adjusted traditional meals in favor of convenience. Implications: Health care providers trying to change dietary habits of older residents residing in the Midwest will need to consider foods and food preparatory methods introduced in childhood;these remained key components of the diet later in life and removing them may be met with resistance.
文摘The fish and seafood market in the Midwestern region of the United States is currently dominated by frozen products. Fish producers in the region may be able to market their products as fresh, regionally grown and farmed fish. Fish producers may be able to supply fresh fish products that have not been previously frozen but preserved fresh with ice. The study examined retailers’ willingness to pay more for Midwestern fresh fish adopting the literature on consumers’ willingness to pay for market services or products, assuming that retailers understand their customers, and that they are able to add any premiums paid for to their retail prices. The overall probability of retailers paying more for regionally grown fresh-on-ice fish is low though consistency in supply and sourcing out of state positively affected the probability to pay more. In spite of these positive factors on willingness to pay more for Midwestern fresh-on-ice fish, Midwestern fish producers would probably remain non-competitive in the fresh-on-ice fish market in the short and medium term, and should continue to focus on the live market.
文摘This paper presents the development and application of a three-dimensional numerical model for simulating the flow field and pollutant transport in a flood zone near the confluence of the Mississippi River and Iowa River during the US Midwest Flood in 2008. Due to a prolonged precipitation event, a levee along the Iowa River just upstream of Oakville, Iowa broke, and the small town was completely flooded for a couple of weeks. During this period, the high water level in the flood zone reached about 2.5 metersabove the ground, and wind was the major force for the flow circulation. It was observed that some pollutants were leaked from the residential and farming facilities and transported into the flood zone. Leaking of pollutants from these facilities was reported by different news media during the flood and was identified using high resolution satellite imagery. The developed 3D numerical model was first validated using experimental measurements, and then applied to the flood inundated zone in Oakville for simulating the unsteady hydrodynamics and pollutant transport. The simulated pollutant distributions were generally in good agreement with the observed data obtained from satellite imagery.
文摘Watching the winds in northwest Iowa during more than 30 summers has led me to two conclusions about the local atmosphere at ground level: there is a net northward transport of heat and water taking place throughout the summer;warm humid winds from the south continually alternate with cool dry winds from the north. The proposed northward heat transfer is consistent with the constraint, placed on the motions of the oceans and the atmosphere, of the earth’s heat balance due to the increased absorption of solar radiation at low latitudes compared to that at high latitudes. At mid-latitudes in the interior of continents, like North America, it is the job of the atmosphere alone to constantly help satisfy the global heat balance. Although qualitative in nature, the predicted northward heat flux is strongly based on frequent observations over lengthy time intervals.
文摘This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the Midwest region of the United States, particularly the rising temperatures and precipitation brought about by hot weather activities and technological advances since the 19th century. From 1900 to 2010, temperatures in the Midwest rose by an average of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit, which would also lead to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Precipitation is also expected to increase due to increased storm activity and changes in regional weather patterns. This paper explores the impact of these changes on urban and agricultural areas. In urban areas such as the city of Chicago, runoff from the increasing impervious surface areas poses challenges to the drainage system, and agriculture areas are challenged by soil erosion, nutrient loss, and fewer planting days due to excessive rainfall. Sustainable solutions such as no-till agriculture and the creation of grassland zones are discussed. Using historical data, recent climate studies and projections, the paper Outlines ways to enhance the Midwest’s ecology and resilience to climate change.
文摘The plane and profile geological models at the end of Neocene in the midwest of Tabei uplift are established on the basis of seismic data of oil field and tectonic analysis,and the numerical simulation results of tectonic stress field in the area are obtained using linear elastic finite element method.Modeling results indicate that N-S regional compressive stress dominates the stress field of the whole area at that time,as well as that all faults of Yaha,Luntai,Hongqi,Yingmai 7 are compresso-shear structures with sinistral strike slip,while Kalayuergun fault is right lateral,and Yangtake fault is pure compressive thrust.In the condition of regional compressive stress,local stress field is formed,and affected by the main faults,which controlles the generation of secondary structures.In the modeling results of profile stress field,the orientation of the major principal stress change from horizon to incline in the middle of the uplifting area and the vertical stress component becomes bigger,which is the main factor to control the development of the compressional and subtuberant structures.
