Background: The prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can substantially contribute to reducing the mortality rate across countries. The level of interest in cholesterol among experts increases when the subjects a...Background: The prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can substantially contribute to reducing the mortality rate across countries. The level of interest in cholesterol among experts increases when the subjects are elderly and obese individuals. However, specialists do not recommend that children should receive the cholesterol test. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of cholesterol levels among the children of public school and their parents’ lifestyles that are associated with cholesterol levels, and to assess the need for and utility of cholesterol testing in school settings. Methods: The study investigated a group of 226 fourth-grade public school children aged between 9 and 10 years and guardians in Akitakatacity of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Multiple regression analyses were performed with the logarithmic value of cholesterol levels as a response variable, awareness about lifestyles and health of children as an explanatory variable, and child’s sex and body mass index (BMI) as moderating variables. Using questionnaires about lifestyles, the step-down procedure was applied in multiple regression analyses to narrow down relevant lifestyle variables. Results: The percentage of children with the high total cholesterol (TC) value was about 15 and with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol value was about 10. Children with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol value were 5%. Treatment was not required according to the comprehensive assessment. Cholesterol levels were associated with the situation of the children and their guardians as follows, guardian need to consider the food, and child has the correct knowledge about food like how to eat snacks. Conclusions: Children had poor cholesterol levels. From childhood, along with the parents, there is a need to learn about appropriate level of cholesterol for CVD prevention.展开更多
There is an extensive attention in developed countries to take full advantages of urban green spaces including green school grounds.Those spaces are assessed and established as environmental learning resources,where t...There is an extensive attention in developed countries to take full advantages of urban green spaces including green school grounds.Those spaces are assessed and established as environmental learning resources,where top-down or bottom-up initiatives encourage or initiate projects with the support of school staffs and students.Green school grounds are also used for gardening(food growing)that besides environmental education,those spaces provide health benefits and knowledge,also skills and behavioral benefits.Those approaches in some developing countries are still vague or inapplicable for several reasons.This paper addresses the use and value of school grounds in developing countries as it lacks the opportunities to make the most of green school grounds.This research elaborated five schools,in the city of Podujevo,Kosovo.The findings reveal that the potentials of green school grounds in most of the cases studied have not been utilized.Opportunities offered by the municipality and environmental NGOs(Non-governmental Organizations)are insufficient.The findings suggest the need to rethink the design and use of green school grounds in developing countries.展开更多
With the rapid urbanization and mass internal migration in China during the past several decades, the population of children who migrate with their parents to the cities has now reached over 35 million. The education ...With the rapid urbanization and mass internal migration in China during the past several decades, the population of children who migrate with their parents to the cities has now reached over 35 million. The education of migrant children poses significant challenges to China's hukou based education system. In this paper, we first review the policy developments and descriptive studies related to migrant children's education to offer a comprehensive view of the issue. We then provide in-depth examination of several important quantitative literatures, including the effect of parental migration on children's education, schooling choices of migrant children and their impacts on school performance, peer effects of migrant children in urban public schools. Overall, although considerable progress has been made regarding migrant children's education in China, more fundamental policy reforms are necessary to improve the quality of migrant children^ education at the compulsory education level and beyond.展开更多
文摘Background: The prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can substantially contribute to reducing the mortality rate across countries. The level of interest in cholesterol among experts increases when the subjects are elderly and obese individuals. However, specialists do not recommend that children should receive the cholesterol test. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of cholesterol levels among the children of public school and their parents’ lifestyles that are associated with cholesterol levels, and to assess the need for and utility of cholesterol testing in school settings. Methods: The study investigated a group of 226 fourth-grade public school children aged between 9 and 10 years and guardians in Akitakatacity of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Multiple regression analyses were performed with the logarithmic value of cholesterol levels as a response variable, awareness about lifestyles and health of children as an explanatory variable, and child’s sex and body mass index (BMI) as moderating variables. Using questionnaires about lifestyles, the step-down procedure was applied in multiple regression analyses to narrow down relevant lifestyle variables. Results: The percentage of children with the high total cholesterol (TC) value was about 15 and with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol value was about 10. Children with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol value were 5%. Treatment was not required according to the comprehensive assessment. Cholesterol levels were associated with the situation of the children and their guardians as follows, guardian need to consider the food, and child has the correct knowledge about food like how to eat snacks. Conclusions: Children had poor cholesterol levels. From childhood, along with the parents, there is a need to learn about appropriate level of cholesterol for CVD prevention.
文摘There is an extensive attention in developed countries to take full advantages of urban green spaces including green school grounds.Those spaces are assessed and established as environmental learning resources,where top-down or bottom-up initiatives encourage or initiate projects with the support of school staffs and students.Green school grounds are also used for gardening(food growing)that besides environmental education,those spaces provide health benefits and knowledge,also skills and behavioral benefits.Those approaches in some developing countries are still vague or inapplicable for several reasons.This paper addresses the use and value of school grounds in developing countries as it lacks the opportunities to make the most of green school grounds.This research elaborated five schools,in the city of Podujevo,Kosovo.The findings reveal that the potentials of green school grounds in most of the cases studied have not been utilized.Opportunities offered by the municipality and environmental NGOs(Non-governmental Organizations)are insufficient.The findings suggest the need to rethink the design and use of green school grounds in developing countries.
基金the National Science Foundation of China (Project Number:71773074)National Science Foundation of China Youth Program (Project Number:71303149)+4 种基金the Shanghai Soong Ching Ling Foundation (Lu Jiaxian and Gao Wenying Special Foundation)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (Project Number:2014110310)the National Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (Project Number:71425005)China National Science Foundation (Project Number:71773037)the Yangtze River Scholars Program (Project Number:T2012069).
文摘With the rapid urbanization and mass internal migration in China during the past several decades, the population of children who migrate with their parents to the cities has now reached over 35 million. The education of migrant children poses significant challenges to China's hukou based education system. In this paper, we first review the policy developments and descriptive studies related to migrant children's education to offer a comprehensive view of the issue. We then provide in-depth examination of several important quantitative literatures, including the effect of parental migration on children's education, schooling choices of migrant children and their impacts on school performance, peer effects of migrant children in urban public schools. Overall, although considerable progress has been made regarding migrant children's education in China, more fundamental policy reforms are necessary to improve the quality of migrant children^ education at the compulsory education level and beyond.
