This paper employs difference-in-differences(DID) approach to evaluate the effects of China's Labor Contract Law's implementation on rural migrant workers' welfare.Our findings suggest that the Labor Contr...This paper employs difference-in-differences(DID) approach to evaluate the effects of China's Labor Contract Law's implementation on rural migrant workers' welfare.Our findings suggest that the Labor Contract Law has reduced rural migrant workers' working hours by 23%, and increased their social insurance coverage by 10% to 26%. This conclusion holds true after removal of sample selection bias and policy expectation factor.Further analysis reveals that Labor Contract Law's welfare improvement effect was more significant for migrant workers in regions where workers had poor bargaining power. Other economic factors during the same period of time did not affect the law's labor protection effect. Our findings give a clear answer to controversies over whether the Labor Contract Law can improve labor rights for underprivileged groups, and are of reference value for developing labor protection systems.展开更多
Through description of three-steps characteristic of dual economic theory and its practical significance to the process of industrialization and urbanization in China,and making comparative analysis between important ...Through description of three-steps characteristic of dual economic theory and its practical significance to the process of industrialization and urbanization in China,and making comparative analysis between important criterion of "Lewis turning point" and current situation of rural surplus labors market in China,we can find that there exists a great deal of surplus labors in rural areas in our country,improvement of peasant income is the result of external interference of government,and demographic dividend in our country hasn't finished.These phenomena go against the theory of "Lewis turning point".So it can prove that "Lewis turning point" in China hasn't come yet.The paper points out the major factors of coexistence of "migrant workers scarcity" and labors redundancy in our country.The first one is structure contradiction of labors market;the second one is law of supply-demand of labors market;the third one is institutional barrier which hinders labors in free flow of census register and social guarantee.Therefore,if we want to realize successful transfer of rural surplus labors and the goal of industrialization and urbanization,we must promote upgrading of industrial structure,change the style of economic growth and realize harmonious development of regional economy in macrocosmic level;And in microcosmic level,we should eliminate institutional barrier which hinders transfer of rural surplus labors.展开更多
The grounded theory of qualitative methods was applied to researching the social integration of tourism la-bor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain of Anhui Province, China. The research was conducted based on the in-depth...The grounded theory of qualitative methods was applied to researching the social integration of tourism la-bor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain of Anhui Province, China. The research was conducted based on the in-depth in-terviewing of 15 samples, open-consultation and the analysis of secondhand data. The integration models of tourism labor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain were formed through four processes including theoretic sampling, cod-ing-analysis, cross-tabulation and contextualization. The result shows that modes of production and life styles decide self-integration orientation of tourism labor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain. Cultural differences are fundamental dis-similarity between tourism labor migrants and natives. There are three kinds of integration models including rapid, free and gradually advancing integration. The differences among different types of migrants’ integration models are re-markable. Taking the working integration as the abscissa and taking the life integration as the coordinate, an "S" model of integration matrix appears in the gradually advancing integration of intermediate and high administers from the working to the life which should be paid special attention to.展开更多
Distribution system will affect the labor incentive that has been heatedly discussed by recent literatures.Using a unique micro dataset, this paper dem on strates that the equalitaria n distributi on system is one of ...Distribution system will affect the labor incentive that has been heatedly discussed by recent literatures.Using a unique micro dataset, this paper dem on strates that the equalitaria n distributi on system is one of the reas ons for the in sufficie nt labor incentive during the Chinese Collective Agriculture period. Specifically speaking, in the distribution of basic rations, the proportion for children (aged 1-3 and 4-7 years) was often beyond their nutrition demand, resulting the dissatisfaction of other families with more laborers and less children, thus these households will reduce their labor supply gradually. At the same time, the existence of outstanding accounts makes it a failure to use work points to buy distributions, which is the mechanism of the distribution system and insufficient labor incentive. All the results have been accepted by the robustness tests. The study will help to understand the distribution system and labor incentive, as well as the failure of the Chinese collective agriculture.展开更多
Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selec...Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selected schoolchildren were divided into three groups according to their iron status. Iron status including hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI) and sTfR was determined. Physical performance tests included maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximum work time. Energy expenditure (EE) and daily physical activity were estimated by recording 24-h heart rate (HR). Dietary intake was assessed with frequency questionnaires, and physical activity level was estimated with frequency and physical activity questionnaires. Results Severe iron deficiency (IDA) impaired the aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. When fat-free mass (FFM) was considered, VO2max (VO2max/FFM) was significantly lower in the iron-marginal group than in the iron-adequate groups among girls (P=0.02), but such a deference was not found among boys (P=0.28). Aerobic activity and EE at leisure were significantly lower in the severe iron deficient group than in the marginal iron deficient and iron adequate groups. Net HR at leisure time was correlated with lib, log SF, body weight, and FFM (P〈0.05). Conclusion The functional effect of iron deficiency on physical performance and habitual physical activity rely on the degree of current iron deficiency. Severe iron deficiency significantly impairs both aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. Iron-marginal deficiency impairs VO2max/FFM in girls, rather than in boys.展开更多
Labor migrants are those of the at-risk groups for HIV. This cross-sectional study has tried to examine HIV/AIDS-related stigma among Nepalese returnee male labor migrants. Migrant workers who have worked at least six...Labor migrants are those of the at-risk groups for HIV. This cross-sectional study has tried to examine HIV/AIDS-related stigma among Nepalese returnee male labor migrants. Migrant workers who have worked at least six months abroad were asked different questions related to sexual behavior, knowledge on HIV/AIDS & condom and HIV/AIDS-related stigma. Stigma was measured on a three-point rating scale as high, average and low stigma. About 58% of migrants had the view “I would rather not know if I have HIV” followed by “I don’t want to be friends with people living with HIV” (53.6% migrants) and “people with HIV are cursed” (35.5% migrants). High stigma was present among 15.5% of the total respondents with high proportion among those with higher age, lower education, rural residence, and no knowledge on Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) service. About a quarter of respondents were of the view that migrants infected with HIV while abroad should not be allowed to return Nepal. Some level of stigma on HIV/AIDS exists among male labor migrants in Nepal. Interventions aiming at reducing stigma should consider the factors like migrants’ age, education, place of residence and knowledge on VCT services.展开更多
The right to education is a basic human right China has actively implemented the international treaties on the right of migrant children to elementary education and provided institutional support to ensure the impleme...The right to education is a basic human right China has actively implemented the international treaties on the right of migrant children to elementary education and provided institutional support to ensure the implementation of elementary education policy In practice,however,due to factors such as regional differences and fiscal capacity,the problems of equal treatment and a balanced distribution of educational resources remain to be addressed In this regard,this paper suggests solving the problems from the perspectives of enhancing the implementation of international treaties,increasing compulsory education resources,improving the quality of education,and adjusting policies展开更多
Urged by media and advocates, Beijing and many other Chinese cities have issued regulations to provide and guarantee basic education for migrant laborers’ children. The municipal govemment of Beijing has decided that...Urged by media and advocates, Beijing and many other Chinese cities have issued regulations to provide and guarantee basic education for migrant laborers’ children. The municipal govemment of Beijing has decided that beginning in September, public schools in the Chinese capital should become more open to eligible migrant children by lowering the charges, and qualified social organizations and individuals will be allowed to run schools for migrant children in migrant population communities in light of the standard of average local public schools.展开更多
The new labor contract law has exerted an unprecedented impact on manufacturing industry that has been progressing at much cheaper labor cost over years. The fact is the workers are not born cheap, they are made less ...The new labor contract law has exerted an unprecedented impact on manufacturing industry that has been progressing at much cheaper labor cost over years. The fact is the workers are not born cheap, they are made less costly without necessary welfares by some factory owners who often go to extreme to run sort of "sweatshop", as often reported by local and western media. The new labor rules could not possibly liberate all those sufferers.展开更多
文摘This paper employs difference-in-differences(DID) approach to evaluate the effects of China's Labor Contract Law's implementation on rural migrant workers' welfare.Our findings suggest that the Labor Contract Law has reduced rural migrant workers' working hours by 23%, and increased their social insurance coverage by 10% to 26%. This conclusion holds true after removal of sample selection bias and policy expectation factor.Further analysis reveals that Labor Contract Law's welfare improvement effect was more significant for migrant workers in regions where workers had poor bargaining power. Other economic factors during the same period of time did not affect the law's labor protection effect. Our findings give a clear answer to controversies over whether the Labor Contract Law can improve labor rights for underprivileged groups, and are of reference value for developing labor protection systems.
文摘Through description of three-steps characteristic of dual economic theory and its practical significance to the process of industrialization and urbanization in China,and making comparative analysis between important criterion of "Lewis turning point" and current situation of rural surplus labors market in China,we can find that there exists a great deal of surplus labors in rural areas in our country,improvement of peasant income is the result of external interference of government,and demographic dividend in our country hasn't finished.These phenomena go against the theory of "Lewis turning point".So it can prove that "Lewis turning point" in China hasn't come yet.The paper points out the major factors of coexistence of "migrant workers scarcity" and labors redundancy in our country.The first one is structure contradiction of labors market;the second one is law of supply-demand of labors market;the third one is institutional barrier which hinders labors in free flow of census register and social guarantee.Therefore,if we want to realize successful transfer of rural surplus labors and the goal of industrialization and urbanization,we must promote upgrading of industrial structure,change the style of economic growth and realize harmonious development of regional economy in macrocosmic level;And in microcosmic level,we should eliminate institutional barrier which hinders transfer of rural surplus labors.
基金Under the auspices of the Social Science Foundation of China (No. 40771059)Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science of Anhui Provincial Education Department (No. 2008sk082rd)
文摘The grounded theory of qualitative methods was applied to researching the social integration of tourism la-bor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain of Anhui Province, China. The research was conducted based on the in-depth in-terviewing of 15 samples, open-consultation and the analysis of secondhand data. The integration models of tourism labor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain were formed through four processes including theoretic sampling, cod-ing-analysis, cross-tabulation and contextualization. The result shows that modes of production and life styles decide self-integration orientation of tourism labor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain. Cultural differences are fundamental dis-similarity between tourism labor migrants and natives. There are three kinds of integration models including rapid, free and gradually advancing integration. The differences among different types of migrants’ integration models are re-markable. Taking the working integration as the abscissa and taking the life integration as the coordinate, an "S" model of integration matrix appears in the gradually advancing integration of intermediate and high administers from the working to the life which should be paid special attention to.
文摘Distribution system will affect the labor incentive that has been heatedly discussed by recent literatures.Using a unique micro dataset, this paper dem on strates that the equalitaria n distributi on system is one of the reas ons for the in sufficie nt labor incentive during the Chinese Collective Agriculture period. Specifically speaking, in the distribution of basic rations, the proportion for children (aged 1-3 and 4-7 years) was often beyond their nutrition demand, resulting the dissatisfaction of other families with more laborers and less children, thus these households will reduce their labor supply gradually. At the same time, the existence of outstanding accounts makes it a failure to use work points to buy distributions, which is the mechanism of the distribution system and insufficient labor incentive. All the results have been accepted by the robustness tests. The study will help to understand the distribution system and labor incentive, as well as the failure of the Chinese collective agriculture.
基金funded by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, NFA-CHN-FE-2003-01-00
文摘Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selected schoolchildren were divided into three groups according to their iron status. Iron status including hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI) and sTfR was determined. Physical performance tests included maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximum work time. Energy expenditure (EE) and daily physical activity were estimated by recording 24-h heart rate (HR). Dietary intake was assessed with frequency questionnaires, and physical activity level was estimated with frequency and physical activity questionnaires. Results Severe iron deficiency (IDA) impaired the aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. When fat-free mass (FFM) was considered, VO2max (VO2max/FFM) was significantly lower in the iron-marginal group than in the iron-adequate groups among girls (P=0.02), but such a deference was not found among boys (P=0.28). Aerobic activity and EE at leisure were significantly lower in the severe iron deficient group than in the marginal iron deficient and iron adequate groups. Net HR at leisure time was correlated with lib, log SF, body weight, and FFM (P〈0.05). Conclusion The functional effect of iron deficiency on physical performance and habitual physical activity rely on the degree of current iron deficiency. Severe iron deficiency significantly impairs both aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. Iron-marginal deficiency impairs VO2max/FFM in girls, rather than in boys.
文摘Labor migrants are those of the at-risk groups for HIV. This cross-sectional study has tried to examine HIV/AIDS-related stigma among Nepalese returnee male labor migrants. Migrant workers who have worked at least six months abroad were asked different questions related to sexual behavior, knowledge on HIV/AIDS & condom and HIV/AIDS-related stigma. Stigma was measured on a three-point rating scale as high, average and low stigma. About 58% of migrants had the view “I would rather not know if I have HIV” followed by “I don’t want to be friends with people living with HIV” (53.6% migrants) and “people with HIV are cursed” (35.5% migrants). High stigma was present among 15.5% of the total respondents with high proportion among those with higher age, lower education, rural residence, and no knowledge on Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) service. About a quarter of respondents were of the view that migrants infected with HIV while abroad should not be allowed to return Nepal. Some level of stigma on HIV/AIDS exists among male labor migrants in Nepal. Interventions aiming at reducing stigma should consider the factors like migrants’ age, education, place of residence and knowledge on VCT services.
文摘The right to education is a basic human right China has actively implemented the international treaties on the right of migrant children to elementary education and provided institutional support to ensure the implementation of elementary education policy In practice,however,due to factors such as regional differences and fiscal capacity,the problems of equal treatment and a balanced distribution of educational resources remain to be addressed In this regard,this paper suggests solving the problems from the perspectives of enhancing the implementation of international treaties,increasing compulsory education resources,improving the quality of education,and adjusting policies
文摘Urged by media and advocates, Beijing and many other Chinese cities have issued regulations to provide and guarantee basic education for migrant laborers’ children. The municipal govemment of Beijing has decided that beginning in September, public schools in the Chinese capital should become more open to eligible migrant children by lowering the charges, and qualified social organizations and individuals will be allowed to run schools for migrant children in migrant population communities in light of the standard of average local public schools.
文摘The new labor contract law has exerted an unprecedented impact on manufacturing industry that has been progressing at much cheaper labor cost over years. The fact is the workers are not born cheap, they are made less costly without necessary welfares by some factory owners who often go to extreme to run sort of "sweatshop", as often reported by local and western media. The new labor rules could not possibly liberate all those sufferers.