Economic Growth:The Fundamental Path to the Realization of Social Security Rights for Migrant Workers

The International Labour Organization seems to only see the aspect of social security promoting economic growth,while neglecting the aspect of economic growth supporting social security.From the standpoint of materialism and the practice of social security,the realization of social security rights for migrant workers fundamentally depends on economic growth.The Belt and Road Initiative has provided a Chinese solution for creating a strong material and technological foundation to meet the social security needs of all people,including migrant workers.

Predicaments and Countermeasures of the Protection of Migrant Workers' Human Rights——From the Perspective of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

International migration mainly happens between the North and the South Mig rant workers have made important contributions to the inclusive growth and sustainable development of world economy, but their human rights are often violated In recent years, frequent extreme terrorists attacks and large-scale refugee influxes have triggered anti-for eign sentiment and policies in developed countries, which expose migrant workers to an unprecedented human rights crisis The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is an important convention adopted by the United Nations that specially protects human rights of migrant workers However, as the convention has not been ratified by major developed countries where most migrant workers seek employment, the protection regime has an empty shell Developing countries where most migrant workers originate from should strengthen cooperation among themselves and urge developed countries to fulfill the duty of human rights protection by normalizing the status of migrant workers and that of members of their families in employment countries and ratifying the convention as soon as possible.

Zhejiang Keen to Protect Migrant Workers' Rights and Interests

EDITOR＇S NOTE： FoUowing are some of the stories about how migrant workers＇ rights and interests are protected in Zhejiang, one of the best developed province on the Chinese mainland. Through interviews with more than 100 migrant workers in the province, we found that migrant workers there enjoy equal treatment as their counterparts registered as urban residents, and that their rights and interests are effectively protected.

Migrant Workers' Lack of Cultural Rights and Interests and Government Safeguard Measures

This paper analyses the status quo of migrant workers' lack of cultural rights and interests as follows:the holistic cultural life of migrant workers is scant and monotonous;the cultural facilities provided by the majority of enterprises are critically short;the cultural life of migrant workers has the characteristic of closeness to some extent;the holistic cultural consuming capacity of migrant workers is very low,and they are not satisfied with their own cultural life.This paper puts forward the measures that the government should adopt to make up for the lack of migrant workers' cultural rights and interests as follows:first,it should eliminate discrimination in terms of system,and incorporate migrant workers' cultural rights and interests into the building scope of urban public culture;second,it should establish a variety of free public culture facilities,to adapt to the needs of migrant workers;third,it should formulate various kinds of laws and regulations,to effectively safeguard migrant workers' cultural rights and interests.

The Indonesian Women Migrant Workers: Redefinition and Termination of Sending Them Abroad

Indonesian diplomacy criticized as “to slow, too weak, and too late” to protect its migrant workers. Indonesian migrant workers that consist 80% of women, sent to fulfill the high demand for domestic workers and low level labor in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. The qualification of workers that mostly uneducated and lack of job experience caused many social-economic issues in receiving countries. Moreover, lack of training led to problems related to violation of human and workers’ rights, even in many cases turned as the victim of human trafficking. The problems at domestic level are related to corrupt government officials, weak of bureaucracy, and lack of coordination amongst government’s institutions. In addition, the business interests of recruiting agents both at home and host countries added to complexity of issues. Problems during recruitment, preparation and sending process also caused legal, social and cultural problems that need diplomatic efforts both at bilateral and multilateral level. Due to diplomatic failure that undermined Indonesian reputation in receiving countries, in addition to unresolved domestic problems, this article proposes the Indonesian government to terminate the sending of domestic workers. Furthermore, the immigration policy needs to be reevaluates. In the future, the Indonesian government should only send legal, documented workers, with skilled or semi-skilled qualifications.

Influence of Migrant Workers Returning to Hometown on the Changes of Village Social Structure

Based on field survey data of Village Z in Henan Province and from the perspective of the end of villages,we studied the influence of migrant workers returning to hometown on the changes of village social structure from village social interaction and village right reconstruction.Survey results show that social interaction centers of migrant workers returning to hometown for starting an undertaking move outside,which has exceeded the range of rural society of acquaintances and promoted the breaking of the traditional social relationship network " Differential Model of Association".In addition,migrant workers returning to hometown actively participate in building village rights and show more passionate political enthusiasm and practice of modern democratic concept.Furthermore,it not only speeds up disintegration of China's small peasant economy and division of traditional farmers,but also is an important opportunity for realizing farmers' self-ending and village ending,as well as urban and rural integration.

劳动权益保障、政府信任与高龄农民工的城市融合

基于调研数据,本文考察了劳动权益保障对高龄农民工城市融合的影响机制。实证结果显示,工资拖欠、工伤纠纷、劳动合同纠纷等劳动权益受损事件均会显著影响高龄农民工城市融合程度。对劳动权益纠纷解决过程的进一步考察发现:第一,劳动权益受损事件发生后,当高龄农民工对维权过程解决较为满意时,其城市融合程度显著高于没有发生过劳动权益纠纷者;第二,政府部门主导解决劳动权益纠纷对高龄农民工城市融合具有一定的“放大效应”。当高龄农民工对维权解决过程满意时,解决过程中的政府干预会显著提高其城市融合程度;当其对维权解决过程不满意时,解决过程中的政府干预反而使其城市融合程度下降的幅度更大。因此,本文认为应健全源头预防,杜绝劳动权益纠纷事件发生;建立农民工劳动权益保护协调机制;强化政府责任意识,属地监管、多部门协同,发挥政府在高龄农民工劳动权益保障工作中的积极作用。

工程建设领域农民工工资支付保障的组态分析

工资权益保障直接关系到农民工的切身利益以及社会的公平与稳定,是政府与学界共同关注的焦点。本文搜集了我国31个省级地方政府在工程建设领域针对农民工工资的相关政策文本,基于组态视角,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法,探究了农民工工资支付的政策措施对地方政府提升农民工工资权益保障水平的联动效应。通过分析不同组态下的案例,得出了多种高权益保障水平和低权益保障水平的构型。结合我国中、东、西部地区的异质性分析,发现农民工工资保障水平的提升需要不同政策措施的有机组合,并且不同地区农民工工资保障水平的驱动路径存在显著差异。因此,政府需要结合自身实际情况,因地制宜地制定相关政策,以提升农民工的工资权益保障水平。

第一代农民工养老保险权益损失及其补偿路径研究

第一代农民工为我国的社会主义现代化建设做出了巨大贡献,但其养老保险权益因种种原因遭受不同程度的损失,这些损失主要体现为参与损失、退出损失和转移损失三种典型样态,它们是政府部门、用人单位以及第一代农民工等主要责任主体共同作用的结果。因此,应当以中央政府推动与地方利益协调为总体思路,采取明确中央与地方政府在第一代农民工养老保险补偿中的责任内容、建立第一代农民工养老保险补偿基金、制定科学合理的补偿标准以及完善养老保险制度等一系列措施,以有效补偿第一代农民工的养老保险权益损失,促进社会公平与正义。

新生代农民工城市融入及维权方式现状研究

从网络视角研究新生代农民工的城市融入和维权方式现状发现:不同性别、是否具有环境危机感、不同文化程度和不同职业的新生代农民工的网络支持状况与城市融入程度都具有显著差异:新生代农民工网络支持状况与其城市融入程度相关性显著,呈正相关关系;1980一1989年出生与1990年以后出生的新生代农民工城市融入状况与获得的网络支持相关性都十分显著,但1990年以后出生的新生代农民工选择的不同维权方式与获得网络支持的相关性并不显著。因此,应加强政府在新生代农民工城市融入及维权时的作用,为其提供制度和法律法规的支持;对新生代农民工的组织化管理不仅有利于这一群体的城市融入,而且能在其维权时提供有力支持;发挥网络媒体的多重功效,为新生代农民工城市融入及维权提供积极帮助。

新生代农民工宅基地资格权保障的法理逻辑与优化路径

新生代农民工作为农业转移人口中市民化的主力军,也是最能体现身份转换过程的群体代表。如何在宅基地制度改革中保障好这一庞大群体的宅基地权益,事关我国城乡融合发展与农民市民化进程的稳步推进。保障新生代农民工宅基地权益旨在帮助其实现从农民到市民的根本性身份转变,宅基地资格权正是认定其能否享有宅基地权益的核心要素;宅基地资格权是农村集体经济组织成员权的具象化,是成员权权利束项下的具体权利,也是其享受其他宅基地权益的前提;获得财产性权利是新生代农民工行使资格权的结果。梳理历史逻辑、现状逻辑和价值逻辑这三条线索,厘清新生代农民工宅基地权益的法理逻辑和对宅基地权益保障的真实需求。应清晰界定资格权多元认定标准,丰富宅基地资格权实现形式,分阶段引导新生代农民工逐步退出宅基地权利。

新生代农民工公共文化参与的制度伦理理论基础

新生代农民工公共文化参与的制度伦理内源于其本质的公共性,因为公共文化参与通常发生于公共领域,且制度本身也是一种公共物品。而真正影响新生代农民工文化认同、文化参与和文化权利的制度包含多重正式制度与非正式制度,它们是制度伦理研究的基础。因此,以“新生代农民工”这一社会特殊群体为研究对象,以“公共文化参与”圈定研究范畴,以“制度伦理”理论意蕴作为解析依据,能够建构起一套公共文化领域中面向农民工群体的制度伦理研究框架。

中国农民工劳动权利实现与政府责任

从农民工拥有的劳动权利入手,通过对农民工劳动权利实现现状及成因的分析,认为政府应对农民工劳动权利的实现承担责任,论证政府应对农民工给予特别保护的观点,提出给予农民工特别保护的设想。

在资源与制度之间:农民工草根NGO的生存策略以珠三角农民工维权NGO为例

观察中国民间社会的发展,对草根组织的研究必不可少。近十年来,珠江三角洲严峻的劳权状况和政府、工会的缺位,催生出一批草根性农民工维权NGO。在中国民间非政府组织整体生存环境不佳的大背景下,由于涉及"劳权"、"人权"等的敏感议题,农民工维权NGO的发展举步维艰。面对制度和资源的双重制约,草根NGO为了生存,采取了一系列策略。它们的生存状况与所持的政治意识形态和维权理念密切相关;为了补充合法性资源,草根组织不得不着眼于制度外的道义正当性,以期获得社会的支持以及政府的默认;草根组织试图通过建立顾问委员会、理事会等方式获得知识精英的背书,有的还诉诸与政府官员的个人联系。新近出现的自体制内组建的NGO为研究珠三角农民工维权NGO提供了新素材。

社会排斥与农民工体育话语权的缺失

农民工在现代城市生活中遭受到如制度、经济、文化、社会组织和地域空间等多维因素的社会排斥,导致体育话语权的缺失,而当前以户籍制度为核心的城乡分割制度无疑是造成这一现象的根源。为此,提出变户籍管理为身份管理,实行"一族两策";创新就业制度,实现农民工与城市居民就业平等;建立维权体系,加强监管;构建社会认同体系等措施,以完善和拓宽农民工包括体育在内的利益表达渠道,实现农民工体育话语权的回归。

土地权益在农民工城乡迁移意愿影响中的作用显化——基于推拉理论的分析

农民工城乡迁移,是影响中国农业转型、城乡经济社会发展一体化的重要变量。借鉴推拉理论梳理影响中国农民工城乡迁移意愿的因素,区分并显化土地权益在其中的作用,提出城乡收入、就业环境、土地权益三个假说。并利用南京市的农民工1062份样本调查数据,以农民工流动方向为参照确定留在城市与返回农村作为各自对照组,通过多项分类logit回归分析计量各因素对不同迁移方向意愿的推拉作用。研究发现,城乡收入差距成为农民工城乡迁移的巨大动力;城市就业环境的好坏虽直接影响到农民工的经济权益,但在家庭总收入最大化的目标下他们对恶劣就业环境有较强的耐受力;土地权益则在农民工城乡迁移中起到了社会保障的作用。总之,规避风险并寻求家庭总收入最大化成为农民工城乡迁移行为决策的逻辑基础,今后土地制度改革和政策设计必须重视土地为农民工所提供的退路保障。

我国农村转移人口市民化的财政支出测算与时空分布研究

农村转移人口市民化是我国推进新型城镇化建设的核心问题之一。将农村转移人口纳入城镇公共服务体系,各级财政将会为此发生巨量支出。本文计算了将现在已经在城市居住的农村转移人口纳入城市公共服务体系、按现行政策财政必须新增的资金数额。结果表明,以2011年不变价格计算,为将现有15863万已在城市居住的农村转移人口市民化,财政将新增支出18091.58亿元。如果将计算范围扩大到现有的2.6亿农村转移人口,则计算结果将增大到29 651.76亿元。笔者认为,尽管资金浩大,但只要精心进行时间、空间分布设计,注重全国范围内均衡启动、进行相关财政支出的结构性调整,并从"钱"、"地"、转移支付等方面进行机制设计,这一人类历史上从未有过的浩大工程是完全可以期待圆满完成的。

劳动权益对农民工市民化意愿的影响——基于全国流动人口动态监测8城市融合数据的分析

本文基于国家卫生计生委流动人口动态监测8城市融合数据,利用二分类Logistic回归模型考察劳动权益对农民工市民化意愿的影响。结果表明,农民工劳动权益在一定程度上受到损害;接受技能培训、在流入地参加城镇职工医疗保险能显著提高农民工市民化意愿;超时劳动则显著降低农民工市民化意愿。政府应提升农民工维权意识,加大对用人单位监管力度;提升农民工受教育水平,提高农民工参加职业技能培训的积极性;建立和完善针对农民工的社会保险制度;加快户籍制度改革,降低农民工市民化门槛,以提高农民工市民化意愿,推进农民工市民化进程。

我国进城农村劳动力非正规就业相关问题分析

借鉴国内外有关非正规就业的定义,把在非正规部门就业的劳动者和在正规部门就业但没有签订劳动合同的劳动者统称为非正规就业者。通过实证研究发现,是否从事非正规就业,与劳动者的身份特征、人力资本状况、所在行业和职业等密切相关。非正规就业在我国具有长期存在和发展的合理性和必然性。与此同时,政府需要加大对非正规就业者劳动权益的保护。