Migration characterization of Ga and In adatoms on dielectric surface in selective MOVPE

Migration characterizations of Ga and In adatoms on the dielectric surface in selective metal organic vapor phase epitaxy （MOVPE） were investigated. In the typical MOVPE environment, the selectivity of growth is preserved for GaN, and the growth rate of GaN micro-pyramids is sensitive to the period of the patterned SiO2 mask. A surface migration induced model was adopted to figure out the effective migration length of Ga adatoms on the dielectric surface. Different from the growth of GaN, the selective area growth of InGaN on the patterned template would induce the deposition of InGaN polycrystalline particles on the patterned Si02 mask with a long period. It was demonstrated with a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy that the In adatoms exhibit a shorter migration length on the dielectric surface.

The migration of total dissolved solids during natural freezing process in Ulansuhai Lake

High total dissolved solids （TDS） content is one of the most important pollution contributors in lakes in arid and semiarid areas. Ulansuhai Lake, located in Urad Qianqi, Inner Mongolia, China, was selected as the object of study. Temperatures and TDS contents of both ice and under-ice water were collected together with corresponding ice thickness. TDS profiles were drawn to show the distribution of TDS and to describe TDS migration. The results showed that about 80% （that is 3.602x108 kg） of TDS migrated from ice to water during the whole growth period of ice. Within ice layer, TDS migration only occurred during initial ice-on period, and then perished. The TDS in ice decreased with increasing ice thickness, following a negative exponential-like trend. Within un- der-ice water, the TDS migrated from ice-water interface to the entire water column under the effect of concentra- tion gradient until the water TDS content was uniform. In winter, 6.044x 107 kg （16.78% of total TDS） TDS migrated from water to sedirnent, which indicated that winter is the best time for dredging sediment. The migration effect gives rise to TDS concentration in under-ice water and sediment that is likely to affect ecosystem and water quality of the Yellow River. The trend of transfer flux of ice-water and water-sediment interfaces is similar to that of ice growth rate, which reveals that ice growth rate is one of the determinants of TDS migration. The process and mechanism of TDS migration can be referenced by research on other lakes with similar TDS content in cold and arid areas.

Influence of adatom migration on wrinkling morphologies of AlGaN/GaN micro-pyramids grown by selective MOVPE

Ga N micro-pyramids with AlGaN capping layer are grown by selective metal–organic–vapor phase epitaxy（MOVPE）. Compared with bare Ga N micro-pyramids, AlGaN/Ga N micro-pyramids show wrinkling morphologies at the bottom of the structure. The formation of those special morphologies is associated with the spontaneously formed AlGaN polycrystalline particles on the dielectric mask, owing to the much higher bond energy of Al–N than that of Ga–N. When the sizes of the polycrystalline particles are larger than 50 nm, the uniform source supply behavior is disturbed, thereby leading to unsymmetrical surface morphology. Analysis reveals that the scale of surface wrinkling is related to the migration length of Ga adatoms along the AlGaN {1ī01} facet. The migration properties of Al and Ga further affect the distribution of Al composition along the sidewalls, characterized by the μ-PL measurement.

试论明代青海河湟地区人口迁移

本文着重论述了明代河湟地区的移民活动状况,描述了人口迁移活动的历史过程,较详细考证了移民的来源、迁入区以及移民的方式等相关问题。在一定程度上填补了青海移民史的空白,对全面了解明代河湟地区的社会活动有着重要的意义。

河湟地区独特的地理环境与土族及其先民的生存和发展

文章从河湟地区独特的地理地形和经济生活环境入手,分析土族及其先民在河湟生存发展的原因,进而阐释了地理环境对土族迁徙与发展的影响。

一种针对作物生育期光谱迁移的修正植被指数

针对基于固定特征波长的植被指数不能适用于多个生育期叶绿素含量的诊断这一问题,研究优化提出一种基于双波长计算光谱覆盖面积的叶绿素诊断植被指数,用于稳健地诊断多生育期的营养。以拔节期、孕穗期和扬花期的冬小麦为研究对象,采集其325~1 075 nm范围的冠层反射光谱,测定采样样本的叶绿素含量。采用小波去噪和多元散射校正算法对光谱数据进行预处理。通过相关性分析,确定生育期特征波长的迁移范围,进而提出了基于光谱覆盖面积的冬小麦叶绿素含量光谱诊断参数(modified normalized area over reflectance curve,MNAOC)。以信噪比(SNR)和平滑度指标(S)进行综合评价,小波去噪函数的最佳参数为(“sqtwolog”,“mln”,“3”,“db5”)。相关性分析结果表明,生育期特征波段的迁移范围为(700 nm,723 nm)。在分析MNAOC指数对叶绿素含量诊断分辨率的基础上,以0.5 mg·L^-1的分辨率建立一元线性回归模型的结果为:拔节期R 2 c=0.840 1,Rv^2=0.823 7;孕穗期R c^2=0.865 5,Rv^2=0.817 4;扬花期Rc^2=0.833 8,Rv^2=0.807 6。与ratio vegetation index(RVI)等5种双波长植被指数对比表明,由于700和723 nm计算的光谱面积包含了由于生育期导致的光谱动态迁移特征,使得MNAOC指数在模型精度上和多个生育期的普适性上,都优于其他双波长代数运算植被指数,为大田环境冬小麦生育期叶绿素含量诊断提供支持。

浅析汉代河湟地区封建化的原因及特征

文章主要对汉代河湟地区封建化的原因和特点进行了分析 ,认为汉代河湟地区之所以实现了从原始社会晚期跨入封建社会的飞跃 ,主要取决于当时这一地区所处的特殊历史条件和地理环境。