Exploration into the Development of"Integration of Production and Education"in Vocational Education in China

In order to further clarify the function and important value of the integration of production and education for the development of vocational education,this paper combed the development context of the integration of production and education in China's vocational education from three dimensions:policy evolution,research evolution and practice promotion.Studies have shown that the integration of production and education,as a distinctive type characteristic of vocational education in China,has experienced four stages of evolution in policy:the period of combination of production and education,the preparation and presentation period,the full implementation period and the in-depth promotion period,and the initially-constructed institutional system reflects developmental characteristics.In academic research,there are obvious policy-driven characteristics.The theoretical framework tends to be perfect,and the concept connotation and promotion path are gradually getting clear,but the research on regional promotion modes is slightly insufficient.The empirical research is weak,and the operability of countermeasure research is not strong.Moreover,the problem of discussing integration based on education is more prominent.In practice and promotion,the characteristic of the integration of production and education is gradually highlighted and deepened in terms of talent training,school-running system and school-running mode,and the carriers and contents of the integration of production and education are gradually enriched.

An overview of the policies and models of integrated development for solar and wind power generation in China

Under the goal of “Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutralization”, the integrated development between various industries and renewable energy(photovoltaic, wind power) is of great significance in China. This paper summarizes the relevant policies, integration schemes and typical cases of the integrated development between renewable energy and other industries. First, the development status of wind and solar generation in China is introduced. Second, we summarize the relevant policies issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, National Energy Administration and other departments to promote the integrated development in photovoltaic and wind power generation in China. Third, eight kinds of photovoltaic three-dimensional development models are described, including “photovoltaic + agriculture, industry, environmental protection, transportation, architecture, communication, hydrogen and ecology”. Fourth, eight kinds of wind power threedimensional development models are summarized, including “Offshore wind power + marine ranch, marine energy, marine tourism, marine oil and gas, hydrogen, communication, Energy Island” and “Onshore wind power+ courtyard”. In the future, the promotion and application of the above integrated development projects will be accelerated. This overview aims to provide reference for the design in photovoltaic and wind energy systems and help potential investors to make decisions.

A Multi-Level Evaluation of Policy Integration of Human Resource Development in Agriculture Sector

Human resource development assumes as a golden key for a knowledge-based economy and competitiveness. This study evaluates policy integration of human resource development (HRD) in agricultural sector within the context of multi-level governance (i.e., interdependence of administrative levels in decision making) and suggests means to enhance policy integration in Bangladesh. Conducting a critical review of major policy instruments, key informant interview and two case studies, this study concluded that HRD issue has fairly included and observed consistency (between the aim of HRD and policy) in all policies and strategies;majority of policy instruments have significantly addressed the significance of HRD and added plans for its development;reporting, monitoring and evaluation of policies and strategies are rather weak and there is no adequate flow of financial arrangement that is largely determined by the availability of government project. Based on the findings, the following means should be useful for improving HRD policy integration such as providing a handsome amount of development budget at the sub-district agricultural office, formulating coherent strategies to build effective cooperation, coordination and participation among stakeholders, initiating special capacity building programmes for rural women, young farmers and smallholders and mainstreaming HRD issue in governmental planning and programmes, and accordingly crafting policies and implementation.

Visualization Framework for Inter-Domain Access Control Policy Integration

The rapid increase in resource sharing across domains in the cloud comput- ing environment makes the task of managing inter-domain access control policy integration difficult for the security administrators. Al- though a number of policy integration and sec- urity analysis mechanisms have been devel- oped, few focus on enabling the average ad- ministrator by providing an intuitive cognitive sense about the integrated policies, which considerably undermines the usability factor. In this paper we propose a visualization flame- work for inter-domain access control policy integration, which integrates Role Based Ac- cess Control （RBAC） policies on the basis of role-mapping and then visualizes the inte- grated result. The role mapping algorithm in the framework considers the hybrid role hier- archy. It can not only satisfy the security con- straints of non-cyclic inheritance and separa- tion of duty but also make visualization easier. The framework uses role-permission trees and semantic substrates to visualize the integrated policies. Through the interactive policy query visualization, the average administrator can gain an intuitive understanding of the policy integration result.

Financial Vulnerability, Capital Flow Reversals, and Divergence Macro-Prudential Policies Posing Challenges to the ASEAN Banking Integration Framework （ABIF）

Against the prevailing background of an unusual capital flow reversal which is posing immense challenges to the integration of the region＇s banking sector, this study measures macro-prudential instruments affecting the implementation of an integrated financial service industry. This study is important at times when domestic and country-based financial policies are directed at competing goals. The interaction of macro-prudential policies with other policies, in particular monetary policies and micro-prudential policies is crucial to address systemic risk involved. There is growing recognition that prudential policies tools interact and coordinate with one another. To utilize multiple instruments seems to provide a greater assurance of effectiveness by tackling risk from various angles. As such, this study also assesses the interactions of the policies. The study also proposes a baseline model to capture systemic risk due to liquidity risk and risk because of currency devaluation.

The Challenges of the European Union＇s Migration and Integration Policy-The Road to a Common Immigration Policy

This study is about the main problem of the European Union arising from the social status of migrant or migrant background population. It is trying to reveal the real causes, why migrants have difficulties in adapting to the conventions of the receiver countries. The study also focuses on three main questions： the social status of women, public education, and the anomalies of the labour market. It is also trying to find the possible way for the EU communities how to establish and develop a common immigration policy, which can solve the problem in an integrated package system and also fit into the characteristic features of the member-states. This paper is going to give an overview on issues affecting both migrant and migrant-originated communities and is going to analyse cause-reason connections. We also must find efficient responses adequate for applying as strategies for tackling challenges of this nature, which Hungary performs its EU Presidency in first term of the year 2011.

China Should Adopt Integration Policies to Reduce Energy Waste

China should pilot renewable energy integration policies similar to those adopted in Germany and Texas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to transmit excess energy and reduce wasted wind power.Renewable energy integration will be fundamental to China?s transition to a low-carbon economy.Although China now leads the world in terms

Research on Multicloud Access Control Policy Integration Framework

Multicloud access control is important for resource sharing and security interoperability across different clouds,and heterogeneity of access control policy is an important challenge for cloud mashups.XACML is widely used in distributed environment as a declaratively fine-grained,attribute-based access control policy language,but the policy integration of XACML lacks formal description and theory foundation.Multicloud Access Control Policy Integration Framework(MACPIF)is proposed in the paper,which consists of Attribute-based Policy Evaluation Model(ABPEM),Four-value Logic with Completeness(FLC)and Four-value Logic based Policy Integration Operators(FLPIOs).ABPEM evaluates access control policy and extends XACML decision to four-value.According to policy decision set and policy integration characteristics,we construct FLC and define FLPIOs including Intersection,Union,Difference,Implication and Equivalence.We prove that MACPIF can achieve policy monotonicity,functional completeness,canonical suitability and canonical completeness.Analysis results show that this framework can meet the requirements of policy integration in Multicloud.

Capacity Building for the Integration of Climate Adaptation into Urban Planning Processes: The Dutch Experience

The institutions of the Dutch (urban) planning system face four challenging characteristics of climate adaptation measures. These measures are uncertain in their effects, in competition with other interests, multifaceted, and inherently complex. Capacity building is a key issue for the implementation of climate adaptation measures in urban planning processes, which aim to achieve Climate-Proof Cities (CPC). For successful capacity building, it is important to define the relevant stakeholders and tailor the adaptation strategies first to (the position of) these stakeholders and next to the specific urban conditions and issues. In addition, scientific insights and tools can be of assistance, and the use of climate maps can help to create a common language. Such common understanding of climate problems can lead to “goal entwinement” between actors, which can support the implementation of climate adaptation strategies in urban planning. Awareness, recognition and urgency are the most important components of this common understanding, which may differ for each stage in every urban planning process. In order to overcome the pragmatism that rules in day-to-day urban planning processes, multi-level arrangements between different tiers of government must be employed to improve the penetration of climate adaptation measures. After all, it still remains a soft interest in a hard process.

The Pathway of China’s Integrated Delivery System:Based on the Analysis of the Medical Consortium Policies

With the deepening of China’s health-care reform,an integrated delivery system has gradually emerged with the function of improving the efficiency of the health-care delivery system.For China’s integrated delivery system,a medical consortium plays an important role in integrating public hospitals and primary care facilities.The first medical consortium policy issued after the COVID-19 pandemic apparently placed hope on accelerating the implementation of a medical consortium and tiered health-care delivery system.This paper illustrates the possible future pathway of China’s medical consortium through retrospection of the 10-year process,changes of the series of policies,and characteristics of the policy issued in 2020.We considered that a fully integrated medical consortium would be a major phenomenon in China's medical industry,which would lead to the formation of a dualistic care pattern in China.

Changing Forestry Policy by Integrating Water Aspects into Forest/Vegetation Restoration in Dryland Areas in China

Restoration forestry （forest rehabilitation） or re-vegetation is one effective measure to solve environmental problems, notably soil erosion. It may be further stimulated by the Clean Development Mechanism for carbon sequestration. However, there is an intensive and on-going debate about the adverse effects arising from afforestation in dryland areas, such as soil drying up which may cause further damage to the success of forest restoration, and the water yield reduction from watershed which may harm the regional development. On other hand, some preliminary studies showed a possibility that these adverse effects may be diminished more or less by properly designing the system structure and spatial distribution of forest/vegetation in a watershed. However, it is urgent to develop an evidence-based and sustainable new forestry policy for harmonizing forest-water interrelation. As a leading country in afforestation, China is beginning to develop a more trans-disciplinary and cross-sectoral forestry policy for harmonizing forestry development with water management. The main points of the changing new forestry policy should include： （1） Establishing a regional development strategy focusing on harmonized forest-water relations; （2） Taking forest-water interactions as an important part of evaluation; （3） Reducing the ＇eco-water＇ quota of forests through technical advancement; （4） Developing and extending water-adaptive forest management practices; （S） Strengthening forest ecohydrological research and decision support ability.

Integrated Water Resources Management and Poverty Eradication –Policy Analysis of Bangladesh and Cameroon

There is a growing recognition that the world faces water crisis that, left unchecked, will derail progress to-wards the Millennium Development Goals and hold back human development. Water for life in the house-hold and water for livelihoods through production are two of the foundations for human development. This paper argues that the roots of the crisis in water can be traced to poverty, inequality and unequal power rela-tionships, as well as flawed water management policies that exacerbate scarcity. Structured discussion on the basis of the key elements of integrated water resource management reveals that despite of more or less equivalent economic structure of both Bangladesh and Cameroon, both countries do not necessarily have the same policies in water management. This paper therefore broadly recommends inter-country experience sharing of good practices in to be able to cope with water problems in these millennia.

Energy Integration in South America Region and the Energy Sustainability of the Nations

The objective of this manuscript is to analyze relation involving the energy sector and socioeco-nomic growth and, then, contextualize the process of energy integration within the development policies in South America. The methodology considers data related to the world’s economy and energy consumption and energy integration policy in countries and regions;and, South America’s energy potential and the energy integration process. Results show that despite the political and institutional difficulties involving the process, energy integration can bring a lot of benefits for countries development. The process of energy integration in South America is divided in three moments, but in both periods the transnational energy projects were restricted, mostly, by a bi-lateral plan and the creation of physical links in a region. In the 21th century’s context, it should be noted Brazil’s participation which has been consolidated as a lead country in this process, and, also the IIRSA (Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America, nowadays renamed as COSIPLAN) like the main initiative in energy integration in the continent, in a context where the projects are no longer limited to traditional economic blocs. Finally, we note a lack of consensus in defining a comprehensive model of integration and solving asymmetries both within countries and between them.

Factors affecting repositioning policy compliance:an integrative review

Objective:To explore the factors affecting nurses’compliance with repositioning policy.Methods:An integrative review was conducted following the Whittemore and Knafl methodology to identify the problem related to repositioning policy compliance.We searched the following databases:Coherence Wounds Group Specialized Register(Jan 1997 to Jun 2019),Ovid MEDLINE(Jan 1997 to Jun 2019),EBSCO CINAHL(Jan 1997 to Jun 2019),and Clinical Key database(Jan 2014 to Oct 2018).Results:The review revealed three factors that influence repositioning compliance:nurse-related factors,patient-related factors,and Environment-related factors.Conclusions:These factors directly impact one another and,in turn,influence the compliance of nurses to the repositioning policy.However,there is no evidence currently available that explains the collective impact of these factors and how they interact to affect repositioning policy compliance.Never theless,all these factors are impor tant and should be considered to enhance and fur ther improve the quality of nursing care and adherence to the repositioning policy。

Possible Methodology for Assessing Latvia’s Integration Process in the European Union

In May 2019,the 15th anniversary of Latvia’s membership in the European Union is celebrated.Apart from purely economic results,membership in the European Union undoubtedly also affects the functioning of the state public administration system.The EU encourages to maximise the rational use of human resources,ensure the efficient functioning of institutions,and provide modern,high-quality,and convenient services to the population,while reducing the administrative burden and simplifying the regulatory framework.At the same time,even after 15 years,the assessment of the impact of Latvia’s membership in the EU is rather hypothetical,since the evaluation of the actual impact of integration and joining the European Union has been largely fragmented.At this paper,the author focuses on analysing the possible methodology which can be used for assessing Latvia’s integration process in the European Union.The impact assessment method has also found its way of being applied to the process of European integration.In the context of this integration,the impact assessment aims to provide with information on the political,economic,social,and environmental impact of implementing the Community policy or certain regulations and directives.The author wants to stress that the EU integration is not the only area where impact assessment method could be applied in the public governance.This method can(and actually is)widely used for evaluation of different public policy strategies and programs.This paper deals with case research using the“comparative research on public management policy”proposed by Michael Barzelay.Its purpose is to understand the changes in public administration policy by using case studies.Barzelay suggests using one of the models—the Kingdon’s model,the Baumgartner and Jones’s model,or Levitt and March’s model allowing one to analyse the public policy-making process.

Media Stakeholders＇ Perspectives and Policy Integrity

Objectivity in media practice is the journalist＇s ability to give every segment of the audience an equal right to be heard and seen, to read or to react. Disappointingly, that objectivity does not extend to the policies that regulate that practice. This concern is demonstrated in the incoherence and lack of judgment that exist in media policy domains where journalism is confined to a deal between only the journalist and his or her audience. This linear process conspicuously excludes those crucial stakeholders whose interests tremendously affect the destiny of journalists and their audience. The development has adversely affected policy rationality in some developing countries as media policies lack interactive planning, robust policy discourses and stakeholder dialogue, thereby undermining policy integrity. This paper attempts to argue that for a media policy to be truly in public interest, formulators have to expand their horizon beyond government, journalists and their audience to other stakeholders. Newsmakers, who fall into a category of such stakeholders, can make the journalist＇s pen run dry if they go on strike! Others include media users, media owners and media scholars. The paper recommends the process of harnessing the perspectives of these stakeholders in a manner that can make analysts consider drafting a fresh all-encompassing media policy for developing countries, especially those of Africa.

Overlapping and Conflicting Interests as Opposed to Integration and Disintegration in Iran-India Ties 1947-1979

In the period between independence of India in 1947 to Iranian Islamic revolution in 1979 there were plenty of factors in the position of integration and disintegration acting in the relationship between the two countries. Iran and India, whose result is meaningfully affected by factors in three levels of national, regional and international sphere and in the framework of bipolarity as the predominant system in the then international system. The ties in the critical period of cold war between two superpowers that came after the World War II were full of ups and downs. Undoubtedly the true perception of such an atmosphere needs to pay attention to the factors of integration and disintegration, which are interdependent and directly or indirectly impact each other and the finalized atmosphere of mutual relations. Knowing the atmosphere is not only important historically but also it enables researchers to evaluate the different factors within the relations and to interpret each of them critically, meaning that the root of disputes, influence of global events and external factors in mutual relations, changes the politician point of views and the political mainstream patterns, and finally to mention the strategic and geopolitical situation regarding the influential factors of integration or disintegration. At the end, the cleared results open a new foundation in order to make new researches which can help to make formula to futurism and be useful in practical sphere.

Building-integrated renewable energy policy analysis in China

With the dramatic development of renewable energy all over the world,and for purpose of adjusting energy structure,the Ministry of Construction of China plans to promote the large scale application of renewable energy in buildings. In order to ensure the validity of policy-making,this work firstly exerts a method to do cost-benefit analysis for three kinds of technologies such as building-integrated solar hot water (BISHW) system,building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology and ground water heat pump (GWHP). Through selecting a representative city of every climate region,the analysis comes into different results for different climate regions in China and respectively different suggestion for policy-making. On the analysis basis,the Ministry of Construction (MOC) and the Ministry of Finance of China (MOF) united to start-up Building-integrated Renewable Energy Demonstration Projects (BIREDP) in 2006. In the demonstration projects,renewable energy takes place of traditional energy to supply the domestic hot water,electricity,air-conditioning and heating. Through carrying out the demonstration projects,renewable energy related market has been expanded. More and more relative companies and local governments take the opportunity to promote the large scale application of renewable energy in buildings.

文旅融合政策创新体系研究——基于中央政策文本的“主体-路径-工具”三维框架分析

机构改革开启了文旅融合政策创新的新篇章,中央发布的文旅融合政策对地方政策创新和行业实践发挥“风向标”作用,但学界一般关注的是文化旅游政策,而非融合相关政策,也鲜少以一个立体化的研究框架去分析其结构和关联特征。文章以中央政策文本为例,构建了“政策主体-融合路径-政策工具”三维框架,研究有以下发现。(1)文旅融合政策创新主体以文化和旅游部、国家发展和改革委员会以及财政部等部门为主,发文方式独立创新为主、合作创新为辅。政策文件的主体属性包括单核、多核、单边等6种。(2)融合路径存在偏好性,以体制融合、业态融合和产品融合为主,其中,政策支撑、产业融合类型和高品质文旅产品等细分类别较为突出,其他路径政策内容相对较少。(3)政策工具的使用具有倾向性,以供给型为主、环境型为辅,需求型最少,其中,产业培育、目标定位、示范试点和公共服务是较为重要的工具类别。(4)文旅融合政策创新共有386条创新路径,提炼出6类典型政策创新路径。政策创新逻辑是以核心层部门为主,从体制、产品和业态等融合路径,调动供给型、环境型工具促进文旅融合。该研究进一步提出制定文旅融合专项政策、加强主体合作、优化融合路径和均衡政策工具4点政策优化建议,具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。

要素流动对城乡融合发展的影响机理与空间分异研究

城乡要素双向自由流动有利于提高要素配置效率和优化城乡关系,促进城乡融合发展。现有关于要素流动对城乡融合发展的研究主要围绕传统生产要素对城乡融合发展的研究展开讨论,鲜有文献将数据这一新型生产要素纳入城乡要素流动范围并探索其对城乡融合发展的影响机理。基于2010—2021年中国31个省份的面板数据,在测算要素流动、城乡融合发展水平的基础上,构建双向固定效应模型、地理加权回归模型和中介效应模型实证检验要素流动对城乡融合发展的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:第一,全国要素流动总指数呈现出小幅度增长的态势,位于均值之上的地区中64%是城乡融合发展试验区,说明城乡融合发展政策实施具有重要的引导作用;第二,要素流动显著促进城乡融合发展,这一结论在引入城乡之间距离作为工具变量进行内生性检验、采用删除4个直辖市和缩短时间窗口的方法进行稳健性检验之后仍然成立;第三,空间异质性分析中,劳动力、土地和数据要素始终表现出促进城乡融合发展的作用,随着时间的推移,土地要素对不同地区城乡融合发展影响程度逐渐增强、影响范围逐步扩大,技术要素对城乡融合发展的促进逐渐凸现,由华东和华南地区向东北和西南地区转移;第四,在要素流动影响城乡融合发展的过程中,电商销售是要素流动影响城乡融合发展的重要途径,农业机械化和产业结构变迁并未发挥出中介变量的作用,不同于已有的研究结果。因此,今后持续深化城乡融合发展的内涵与外延、拓展深度与广度;始终以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,运用科学的世界观和方法论,坚持整体推进与试点示范相统一的指导原则,推广实践中形成的典型经验。研究结论为城乡要素双向合理流动的机制建立、城乡融合发展体制机制的健全提供了理论和经验上的参考。