Fundamentalism： Militancy or Militarism？

The foundational and survival principles of all religions are shrouded in rituals, narratives, origin-stories, cultic practices, casuistries, taboos, mythical figures and institutions of authority. However, through out history, religions have been threatened by politico-military and religious aggressions from other peoples, by heterodoxies, alternative origin-stories, practices and beliefs. These threats became unprecedented with the advent of Modernity. Faced with these destabilizing agents, they resorted to citing textual authorities, strengthening their institutions, giving leaders more powers, precisely defining belief commitments, punishing heretics and using violence against heterodoxies. Consequently, in their obsessive quest for preserving the sanctity of their faiths against modern threats, religions or section of a religion adopted both revival and resistant measures. Fundamentalism thus developed within these contexts. This paper intends to reveal that religious militancy and militarism are ramifications of Fundamentalism. It argues that Modernity＇s destabilizing agents to religions and religions＇ passionate desire for self-protective steps, militant or militaristic, yield to the phenomenon of Fundamentalism. Secondary sources were used to assemble the data while analytical and comparative approaches with empirical emphases on Christianity and Islam were used to weave the findings with the finality that militant or militaristic, Fundamentalism is religions＇ obsessive response to Modernity,

Three New Records of Gastropoda(Mollusca) from the Nansha Islands,China

The Nansha Islands, China, have extremely high marine biodiversity and hundreds of mollusks have been reported there. Benthos resources investigations of the intertidal and subtidal zone around the Nansha Islands have been continuously performed for decades, and recently, dozens of new species and new records of mollusks have been reported from this area. This paper dealt with three new record species of the Gastropoda from Chinese waters: Cerithium salebrosum Sowerby II, 1855, Vexillum militare(Reeve, 1845) and Vexillum bizonale(Dautzenberg et Bouge, 1923), respectively belonging to three families: Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822, and Costellariidae Mac Donald, 1860. All specimens were collected from the Nansha Islands during the benthos resources investigations on the intertidal zone of islands and reefs in the South China Sea in recent years. Diagnosis and geographic descriptions of both genus and species, illustrations of each species were given in this contribution, and discussion of taxonomy, identification features and faunal characteristics were presented. All examined specimens were deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Collections of South China Sea, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

沛纳海（PANERAI）军用型LUMINOR MARINA MILITARE

这款硬气十足的军用型潜水表配备沛纳海OP XI型手动上弦机芯，表桥饰以日内瓦波纹（Coles de Geneve），蓝钢螺丝，拥有瑞士官方天文台认证（C.O.S.C.）。黑色三明治表盘夜光时标与认光阿拉伯数字刻度，仅杖式小时。分钟指针和小秒针。直径44毫米，专利表冠护桥设于腕表的左边，弧形蓝宝石水晶玻璃镜面。厚2毫米。防眩目处理，防水100米，精钢旋入式表背配蓝宝石水晶玻璃窗口。手工缝制的鳄鱼皮表带和大型表扣，全球限量1,000枚。

The Evolution and Imperialization of Japan's Kamikaze Spirit in Modern Times

Since the Yuan Dynasty's two expeditions to Japan were interrupted by sudden storms,the“Kamikaze"or“divine wind"began to be worshiped and was later incorporated into the Japanese culture as a special image.The anti-government movement of Kamikaze Rebellion occurred in the early Meiji period,but the image of Kamikaze was incorporated into the propaganda after the appearance of the special team named Kamikaze.The Eurasian liaison record flight of"Kamikaze"was carried out in the early Showa period,and its continuous report set off a nationwide Kamikaze boom.At the end of the Pacific War,Japan established a suicidal special attack team with a view to reverse its successive defeats.In both cases,Kamikaze,this historical term were intended for the propaganda of the imperial ideology.The concept of"Kamikaze"emerging in ancient Japan revived with the establishment of a totalitarian Japan in modern times.As a part of Japan's imperial history,the Kamikaze spirit was gradually integrated into the modern Japan's militaristic propaganda and used to control its citizens.After the war,Japan's“Kamikaze"identification was first questioned and denied,but later revived and praised again.In embracing imperialism of modern Japan,the Kamikaze was used as a tool to unite the people internally and advocate war externally,making the people into chess pieces of militarism.After war,the Kamikaze still serves a symbol of Japan's ethnocentrism and extreme nationalism.Japan's progressives and neighboring countries should be on guard against its radicalization.

Interest Similarity and Cross-Strait Peace

Studies in this article support the peace-building effects of interest similarity, and we have to re-evaluate the current world peace through a new lens of interest. Previous research has informed us that states with similar security and/or economic interests will experience fewer conflict onsets. This study begins with research treating interest similarity as a ＂facilitating condition for conflict,＂ and argues that in addition to security interest, capitalist economic policies that lead to the deeper integration of an economy into international markets should be considered one of the ultimate driving forces of peace. By discussing a brief description of bilateral peace in the China-Taiwan dyad, this article concludes that the China- Taiwan dyad has less possibility of encountering military conflict if both governments can maintain similarity in their security interests. Moreover, the author distinguishes different models in capitalist peace theory, which include the free-market and the social-market. Accordingly, this article examines three different prestigious capitalist models： trade, capital openness, and contract-intensive economy as social- market theory. The results suggest that the China-Taiwan case is an appropriate case for the trade （Weede, Economic development, social order, and world politics, 1996） and capital openness models （Gartzke, Am J Polit Sci 51（1）： 166-191, 2007）. Future studies need to be more aware of the model chosen for capitalist peace on cross-Strait relations.

Militarization of Artificial Intelligence and Its Security, Ethics and Legal Challenges

In recent years,with the rapid growth of big data,the remarkable improvement of computing power and the progress of deep learning algorithm,artificial intelligence(AI)has built the third wave of development after two ups and downs,which is deeply impacting the political,economic,military,social,cultural and other fields of various countries.

For the South China Sea “Militarization”: China should not be to Blame

Since the summer of 2015,with the situation in the South China Sea again getting complex,the word"militarization"continuously jumps into our ears.This is one of the terms most frequently used by the U.S.military commanders and government officials to blame China’s maritime rights protection actions in the South China Sea.Regarding the so-called"South China