Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese military personnel:A cross-sectional,multicenter-based study

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is a prevalent disease encountered in military internal medicine and recognized as the main cause of dyspepsia,gastritis,and peptic ulcer,which are common diseases in military personnel.Current guidelines in China state all patients with evidence of active infection with H.pylori are offered treatment.However,the prevalence of H.pylori infection and its regional distribution in the military population remain unclear,which hinders effective prevention and treatment strategies.Understanding the prevalence of H.pylori infection in the military population will aid in the development of customized strategies to better manage this infectious disease.AIM To investigate the prevalence of H.pylori infection in the Chinese military population in different geographic areas.METHODS This multicenter,retrospective study included 22421 individuals from five tertiary hospitals located in north,east,southwest,and northwest cities of China.H.pylori infection was identified using the urea breath test,which had been performed between January 2020 and December 2021.RESULTS Of the 22421 military service members,7416(33.1%)were urea breath test-positive.The highest prevalence of H.pylori was in the 30-39 years age group for military personnel,with an infection rate of 34.9%.The majority of infected subjects were younger than 40-years-old,accounting for 70.4%of the infected population.The individuals serviced in Lanzhou and Chengdu showed a higher infection prevalence than those in Beijing,Nanjing,and Guangzhou,with prevalence rates of 44.3%,37.9%,29.0%,31.1%,and 32.3%,respectively.CONCLUSION H.pylori infection remains a common infectious disease among military personnel in China and has a relatively high prevalence rate in northwest China.

A survey of data-centric technologies supporting decision-making before deploying military assets

In a time characterized by the availability of vast amounts of data,the effective utilization of information is critical for timely decision-making in military operations.However,processing large amounts of data requires computational resources and time.Therefore,decision makers have used data-centric technologies to take advantage of public and private data sources to support military operations.This survey explores the integration and application of data-centric technologies,such as data analytics,data science,and machine learning,to optimize decision-making workflows within military contexts supporting the deployment of military assets and resources.To address the information gap,this article presents a literature review,specifically a survey.Our survey examines the use of the mentioned technologies to process and analyze information that contributes to the phases of situational awareness,and planning in military environments.We then introduce a taxonomy of the approaches associated with implementing these technologies in military scenarios.Furthermore,we discuss relevant factors for the seamless integration of data-centric technologies into military decision-making processes,and reveal the importance of specialized personnel,architectures,and cybersecurity issues in the task of developing prototypes and models.The findings of this paper aim to provide valuable insights for military institutions,offering a deeper understanding of the use of data-centric technologies as innovative practices to enhance the effectiveness of military decision-making.

MTTSNet:Military time-sensitive targets stealth network via real-time mask generation

The automatic stealth task of military time-sensitive targets plays a crucial role in maintaining national military security and mastering battlefield dynamics in military applications.We propose a novel Military Time-sensitive Targets Stealth Network via Real-time Mask Generation(MTTSNet).According to our knowledge,this is the first technology to automatically remove military targets in real-time from videos.The critical steps of MTTSNet are as follows:First,we designed a real-time mask generation network based on the encoder-decoder framework,combined with the domain expansion structure,to effectively extract mask images.Specifically,the ASPP structure in the encoder could achieve advanced semantic feature fusion.The decoder stacked high-dimensional information with low-dimensional information to obtain an effective mask layer.Subsequently,the domain expansion module guided the adaptive expansion of mask images.Second,a context adversarial generation network based on gated convolution was constructed to achieve background restoration of mask positions in the original image.In addition,our method worked in an end-to-end manner.A particular semantic segmentation dataset for military time-sensitive targets has been constructed,called the Military Time-sensitive Target Masking Dataset(MTMD).The MTMD dataset experiment successfully demonstrated that this method could create a mask that completely occludes the target and that the target could be hidden in real time using this mask.We demonstrated the concealment performance of our proposed method by comparing it to a number of well-known and highly optimized baselines.

Effect of dietary supplementation with discardednutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris on layingperformance and diversity of intestinal flora in laying hens

The aim of the experiment was to explore the feasibility of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris as feed in the production of laying hens. 100 g/kg, 200 g/kg, 300 g/kg of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris were added to the basal diet of laying hens. The results showed that the optimal addition of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris in the diet of laying hens was 10%. According to the results of measuring the conventional indicators of eggs, the weight of eggs produced by laying hens fed with discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris was higher than that of laying hens fed with ordinary laying hens. The content of interleukin-1(IL-1) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the concentration of IL-1 increased by 141.5 pg/mL, which indicated that the application of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris effectively improved the immunity of laying hens. The high-throughput analysis of the intestinal contents of the two groups of laying hens showed that the microbial population abundance of the intestinal tract of the experimental group was greater than that of control group, and the application of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris increased the diversity of bacteria in the intestinal tract of laying hens. In addition, the sensitivity of some pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract of chickens to drugs was also increased, thereby reducing the use of antibiotics. The secondary utilization of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris has great development and utilization prospects, which provided a scientific reference and basic theoretical basis for the development of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris as feed in the production of laying hens.

Medical appraisal of Chinese military aircrew with abnormal results of coronary computed tomographic angiography

BACKGROUND Coronary artery diseases can cause myocardial ischemia and hypoxia,angina pectoris,myocardial infarction,arrhythmia,and even sudden death led to inflight incapacitation of aircrew.As the main cause of grounding due to illness,they severe threats to the health and fighting strength of military aircrew.Early warning in an early and accurate manner and early intervention of diseases possibly resulting in inflight incapacitation are key emphases of aeromedical support in clinic.AIM To figure out the flight factors and clinical characteristics of military aircrew with abnormal results of coronary artery computed tomographic angiography(CTA),thereby rendering theoretical references for clinical aeromedical support of military flying personnel.METHODS The clinical data of 15 flying personnel who received physical examinations in a military medical center from December 2020 to June 2023 and were diagnosed with coronary artery diseases by coronary artery CTA were collected and retrospectively analyzed,and a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on their onset age,aircraft type and clinical data.RESULTS The 15 military flying personnel diagnosed with coronary artery diseases by coronary artery CTA were composed of 9 pilots,1 navigator and 5 air combat service workers.Multi-vessel disease was detected in 9 flying personnel,among which 8(88.9%)were pilots.Flying personnel with multi-vessel disease had higher content of cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B than those with single-vessel disease.CONCLUSION Coronary artery diseases are the major heart disease for the grounding of flying personnel due to illness,which can lead to inflight incapacitation.Coronary artery CTA is conducive to early detection and early intervention treatment of such diseases in clinic.

Ultra reliability and massive connectivity provision in integrated internet of military things(IoMT)based on tactical datalink

One of the major challenges arising in internet of military things(IoMT)is accommodating massive connectivity while providing guaranteed quality of service(QoS)in terms of ultra-high reliability.In this regard,this paper presents a class of code-domain nonorthogonal multiple accesses(NOMAs)for uplink ultra reliable networking of massive IoMT based on tactical datalink such as Link-16 and joint tactical information distribution system(JTIDS).In the considered scenario,a satellite equipped with Nr antennas servers K devices including vehicles,drones,ships,sensors,handset radios,etc.Nonorthogonal coded modulation,a special form of multiple input multiple output(MIMO)-NOMA is proposed.The discussion starts with evaluating the output signal to interference-plus-noise(SINR)of receiver filter,leading to the unveiling of a closed-form expression for overloading systems as the number of users is significantly larger than the number of devices admitted such that massive connectivity is rendered.The expression allows for the development of simple yet successful interference suppression based on power allocation and phase shaping techniques that maximizes the sum rate since it is equivalent to fixed-point programming as can be proved.The proposed design is exemplified by nonlinear modulation schemes such as minimum shift keying(MSK)and Gaussian MSK(GMSK),two pivotal modulation formats in IoMT standards such as Link-16 and JITDS.Numerical results show that near capacity performance is offered.Fortunately,the performance is obtained using simple forward error corrections(FECs)of higher coding rate than existing schemes do,while the transmit power is reduced by 6 dB.The proposed design finds wide applications not only in IoMT but also in deep space communications,where ultra reliability and massive connectivity is a keen concern.

统筹发展和安全中的“民参军”——二战后大国技术发展模式及其启示

促进发展和维护安全是世界各国追求的两项重要目标,而技术的军民融合则是连接发展和安全的重要纽带。二战后,苏联、日本与美国的军民融合实践,分别代表了“旋转耗散”“旋转上升”“旋转下降”以及“旋转环绕”四种大国技术发展模式。这四种模式的不同成效表明,要成功地实现军民技术融合,统筹发展和安全,关键在于“民参军”。“民参军”为军用技术提供了负反馈的制约、互补能力的积累以及持续的资金来源。苏联的困境在于缺乏“民参军”,大量军用技术难以外溢到民用部门,最终导致军用部门也缺乏持续的资金支持。日本的经验是技术从民用部门扩散到军用部门,民用部门推动了军民两用技术的发展。20世纪80年代前的美国,服务安全的军用技术逐步外溢到服务发展的民用部门;在此之后,军用技术与民用技术相互渗透,交叉影响。二战后大国技术的发展模式及军民技术融合的成败为中国推动军民融合、统筹发展和安全提供了重要借鉴。

北冬虫夏草(Cordyceps militaris)的研究应用概况(综述)

主要综述了近二十年来国内外对北冬虫夏草的研究应用概况，详细地介绍了北冬虫夏草及其代谢物质“虫草素”的来源，及在功能、药化、药理、临床应用方面的研究进展，北冬虫夏草的生物学特性和工厂化生产研究情况，以及影响北冬虫夏草人工高产栽培与工厂化生产的关键问题，同时也展示了北冬虫夏草的开发利用前景。

蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)对药物引起免疫抑制的拮抗作用

实验研究蛹虫草对环磷酰胺造成的小鼠免疫抑制的作用。实验选用天然冬虫夏草为阳性对照。给药方式为每天灌胃 0 .2 g生药水煎剂 ,7d后测定其生物学活性。实验结果表明 :小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬率由对照组的 13.97%提高到 2 2 .16 %;骨髓细胞的微核数目由对照组的 16 .6×10 -3 降低到 12 .3× 10 -3 ;外周血白细胞由对照组的 70 %提高到 83%。结果证实 :蛹虫草具有明显的拮抗由环磷酰胺造成的免疫抑制的作用 ,与冬虫夏草比较有相似的生物学活性 ,某些作用明显高于冬虫夏草 ,为蛹虫草的医学应用提供了一定的理论依据。

蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris JN168产虫草素液态发酵条件的优化

利用单因素筛选和响应面法对蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris JN168产虫草素的液态发酵培养基进行优化,以确定蛹虫草产虫草素的最佳发酵培养基配方。结果表明,蛹虫草产虫草素的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最适质量浓度为40 g/L;最佳氮源为牛肉膏,最适质量浓度15 g/L;加入的无机盐及其添加量分别为MgSO40.76 g/L,K2HPO40.63 g/L,CaCl20.66 g/L,Na2HPO40.67 g/L。优化后发酵液中虫草素质量浓度达到633.47 mg/L,是优化前的6倍。

蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris JN168菌株的诱变育种及液态发酵产虫草素

利用离子束、亚硝基胍及离子束-亚硝基胍诱变法处理蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris JN168,初步获得了几株较高产虫草素的菌株。通过进一步筛选得到复合诱变菌2,并对该菌的液态发酵培养基组分进行了优化。实验结果表明:蛹虫草液态发酵产虫草素的最佳培养基组分为(g/L),葡萄糖40,酵母浸粉25,Mg SO4·7H2O 0.6,K2HPO4·3H2O 0.6,KH2PO40.6。优化后虫草素产量提高了5倍,最高达1 045.65 mg/L。

Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)胁迫对蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)抗氧化酶活性及脂氧化水平的影响

研究了Cu2+、Zn2+对蛹虫草菌丝体抗氧化酶活性及脂氧化水平的影响。结果表明:高浓度的Cu2+抑制菌丝体的生长和细胞内抗氧化酶的活性;高浓度的Zn2+对菌丝体的生长也有抑制作用但抗氧化酶的活性变化不大。脂氧化水平随细胞内过氧化状态的变化而变化。蛹虫草菌丝体对Cu2+、Zn2+有较高的耐受度。

蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)菌丝体液体培养基的优化和发酵条件的研究

采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计方法，对蛹虫草菌丝体液体发酵培养基的最佳组合进行了研究，建立了培养基的反应模型，并用实验数据验证了数学模型，对培养基最佳优化组合的各种因子、影响产量的反应规律及交互作用进行了探讨，并在此基础上进行了蛹虫草菌丝体液体发酵条件的研究。结果表明，蛹虫草菌丝体液体发酵的最适条件为：接种量６％（ｖ／ｖ），发酵初始ｐＨ７．０，培养基装量１００ｍｌ／５００ｍｌ三角瓶，发酵温度２４℃～２８℃，发酵周期９６ｈ。

蛹虫草(Cordycepsmilitaris)无性型的多型现象

在萨氏琼脂和PDA上，蛹虫草Cordycepsmilitaris（Vuill）Fr.无性型，蛹草拟青霉Paecilomycesmilitaris(Kob）Br.＆Sm．的一些单孢子株可自发产生突变，基于多型现象及其它形态特征可分三种类型：（1）具野生型菌株特征；产孢结构拟青霉型（Paecilomyces－type），稳定，菌落通常不自发产生角变，大多数单孢子株属此类群。（2）属此类群的单孢子株，在PDA上可形成亮褐色至橙黄色的角变，它们典型的产孢结构为瓶梗轮生，分生孢子常聚集成头状的轮枝孢型（Verticillium－type）。在查氏培养基上则相反，拟青霉型的产孢结构占优势。单孢子株Cm-71是这一类群的代表。（3）单孢子株Cm－42是在所观察单孢子株中形态特征独特的菌株。在PDA上菌丝生长纤细，蛛网状，产孢结构轮枝孢型。蛹草拟青霉对氯酸钾（KClO3）不敏感，在浓度为6％（W／V）的KMM培养基上，23～24℃14天菌落的直径仅1～2cm，无气生菌丝生长。各单孢子株形成的不利用硝酸盐突变株（nit突变株）的途径和形态特征，也可分成类似于粉被虫草CordycepspruinosaPeteh不利用硝酸盐突变株（nit突变株）的三种类型。

北冬虫夏草(Cordyceps militaris)单孢菌株配对后对子实体形成的影响与无性型产孢结构关系

由野生子实体分离的低代菌株“ Ｃ．ｍ．Ｈ９５－１”和“ Ｃ．ｍ．Ｈ９７－Ｇ６”的子囊孢子单孢，配对后产生了较大变异，３１％和５０％的配对菌株具有与亲本菌株相同的遗传特性，而且子实体形成能力及生物产量明显增加。配对菌株“ Ｃ．ｍ．Ｈ９７－２６９３”和“ Ｃ．ｍ．Ｈ９７－２６２７”的子囊孢子再配对后，几乎所有的再配对菌株不能回复到亲本菌株的生长型，其子实体的形成能力及生物产量也低于亲本菌株。实验的结果还表明，在ＰＤＡ组合培养基１上，单孢及配对菌株的无性型产孢结构，对子实体形成有着一定的相关性。

高产虫草素Cordyceps militaris菌的诱变育种

以一株生长性状优良的Cordyceps militaris FFCC5111为出发菌株,通过复合诱变,筛选高产Cordycepin双重营养缺陷型(Xan-+Gua-)菌株。采用200 W、22kHz超声强度联合1%DES复合诱变,获得双重营养缺陷型突变株7株,经抗菌试验、摇瓶培养/发酵复筛至第16天,突变株C.militaris FFCC5111-c产生的Cordycepin总量为4.142g/L,比亲株提高44.5%。试验证明,筛选Xanthine和Guanine双重营养缺陷型突变株是获得Cordycepin高产菌种的有效方法,Cordycepin的生物合成与Guanine代谢相关。

蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)的交配型研究

利用可以在人工条件完成整个生活史的蛹虫草菌种,分离、鉴定了2个蛹虫草菌株子囊孢子的单孢分离物,对子囊单孢的配对培养和子实体诱导结果显示,蛹虫草具有典型的二极性异宗配合习性。

北冬虫夏草(Cordyceps militaris)室内栽培技术研究

2003年从北京北冬虫夏草(Cordyceps militaris)子实体的子座部分经单孢分离出Ⅱ号菌株.2004年从北京、上海北冬虫夏草新鲜子实体中采用组织分离法分离出Ⅰ号、Ⅲ号和Ⅳ号菌株,同时收集到开封试管菌株Ⅴ号.Ⅱ号菌株在不同培养基(5,6,7号)进行瓶栽试验,并与4个菌株(Ⅰ号、Ⅲ号、Ⅳ号、Ⅴ号)在同一培养基进行瓶栽比较试验.经过50d的观察表明,Ⅱ号菌株在5号和6号培养基上所产生子实体及每瓶平均数量,平均长度,平均鲜重和干重都比在7号培养基上良好;Ⅰ号、Ⅲ号、Ⅳ号菌株在5号培养基上生的子实体无论每瓶平均数量、平均长度、平均鲜重和干重都明显比Ⅴ号菌株子实体情况优良.

北冬虫夏草(Cordyceps militaris)主要菌株的超微结构

对北冬虫夏草主要菌株的超微结构研究表明，子实体形成能力不同的菌株，其体细胞结构和无性繁殖结构没有很大的差别；分生孢子的形成方式为芽生式分生孢子，菌丝体的每个细胞里通常仅含１个单倍体的细胞核。而在有子实体形成能力的野生菌株的有性繁殖结构内．主要是子囊和子囊孢子。它们性过程仅发生在子实体外层的双核细胞里，其子囊孢子的形成方式为细胞游离形成方式。文中选用了４６张显微镜照片并组合为１０个图版，首次系统地介绍了我国北冬虫夏草的超微结构特征。

蚕虫草(Cordyceps militaris)的干燥条件及其对活性成分的影响

研究了蚕虫草的烘干和微波干燥条件及其对主要活性成分的影响。结果表明,采用烘干干燥,随着干燥温度的升高,干燥速率增加,且在各试验温度下均达到极显著差异,75%以上的水分是在前2 h失去的;采用微波干燥,随着微波干燥功率的增加,干燥速率也增加,且在各试验微波干燥功率下均达到极显著差异,75%以上的水分是在前6 min失去的。对于活性成分含量来说,微波干燥方法中,900 W是最好的,极显著高于其他功率;采用烘干方法时,虫草素是在60℃时含量最高,而腺苷则是在70℃时含量最高。在生产中可以根据需要选择不同的干燥条件。