Noise and vibration measurements in a Viking military vehicle

Noise and whole-body vibration measurements were made in a Viking military vehicle to determine the variation that should be expected during repeat measures,the effect of speed(up to 60 km/h in 5 km/h increments),and during travel over different types of terrain(comprising concrete road,gravel track and rough cross-country).Measurements were made at various crew positions(including the driver and commander)in both the front and the rear cabs in the vehicles.Three translational axes of vibration were measured in each seat.Two speeds were investigated over road(35 km/h and 55e60 km/h)and gravel(20 km/h and 35 km/h)surfaces.The effect of varying speed of the vehicle on the measured noise and vibration magnitudes was also investigated.The highest sound pressure level(LAeq)of 104 dB(A)was measured at the commander’s standing position during travel over concrete road at 55 km/h.Higher noise levels occurred for a standing commander compared with when sitting on the seat.A maximum single axis frequency-weighted vibration magnitude of 1.0 m/s^(2) r.m.s.was measured on the driver’s seat during travel over track at 35 km/h.Higher vibration magnitudes occurred during travel over track compared with travel over road.Both noise and vibration exposure of crew within the Viking vehicle increased with increasing speed of the vehicle.

Hopf Bifurcation Analysis and Control for Electrical System of Military Vehicle

Electrical system of military vehicle is a typical parameterized nonlinear system where complicated bifurcations may exist and threaten its safe and stable operation. An algebraic criterion for Hopf bifurcation is presented briefly and applied to find Hopf bifurcation point of the electrical system with automatic voltage regulator(AVR) dynamics in military vehicle. Hopf bifurcation controllers are designed for this electrical system by using wash-out filter,linear feedback,nonlinear feedback and their combination. The linear feedback control makes the system bring Hopf bifurcation at preferable parameter,the nonlinear feedback control modifies the type of the bifurcation,and the wash-out filter enhances the system damping,thus,the Hopf bifurcation is eliminated and the electrical system stability is ensured. Simulation results show the controller's validity.

Technology Development of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs)

In recent years, the weapon systems have been changing drastically because of the advancement of science technology and the change of military concept of combat. There is an unmanned system at the center of all those changes. Especially, in case of maritime environment, as the center stage of combat has changed from ocean to coastal areas, it is difficult for the existing naval forces to effectively operate in shallow waters. Therefore, unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are being required at an increasing pace. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of already developed UUVs, which are the key unmanned system of the marine battlefield environment in the future. Through the analysis of development cases and the investigation of the essential technologies, the critical design issues of UUVs are elaborated. We also suggest the future directions of the UUV technologies based on the case analysis.

Analysis of Design Directions for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs)

In recent years, because of the development of marine military science technology, there is a growing interest in the unmanned systems throughout the world. Also, the demand of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) which can be autonomously operated without the operator intervention is increasing dramatically. The growing interests lie in the facts that those USVs can be manufactured at much lower costs, and can be operated without the human fatigue, while can be sent to the hostile or quite dangerous areas that are inherently unhealthy for human operators. The utilization and the deployment of such vessels will continue to grow in the future. In this paper, along with the technological development of unmanned surface vehicles, we investigate and analyze the cases of already developed platforms and identify the trends of the technological advances. Additionally, we suggest the future directions of development.

Study on Modeling and Control Strategy for Electric Drive Motor of Tracked Vehicles

Aimed at the requirements for electric transmission system of a military tracked vehicle, the motor's design indexes were analysed and calculated. A model based on saturate inductance parameter of interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor was brought forward by using finite element analysis. And its control strategy based on the largest running capability was studied also. The experiment results for a scale model show that the modelling method improves the model's accuracy, and the motor's control strategy is effective.

考虑不同路面特征的军用履带车辆循环工况构建

为全面有效地评估车辆动力系统的燃油经济性,建立考虑不同路面特征的履带车辆循环工况。收集铺面路、砂石路和起伏土路3种路面的实车运行数据作为原始数据样本,并利用小波分析对数据进行滤波处理。基于处理后的实车数据,综合利用主成分分析法、K均值聚类和马尔可夫链构建3种路面下的典型循环工况,并对构建的工况进行相似度分析。研究结果表明:采用新方法能够有效地构建出符合军用履带车辆运行特点的循环工况,3种路面下循环工况的特征均与原始数据有极高的相似度;3种路面车速-加速度联合概率分布与原始数据的均方根误差分别为0.0356、0.0039和0.0196,新构建的工况能够有效反映履带车辆的真实运行情况。

土壤对军用越野车辆机动性能影响分析

在软地面上的机动性能是军用高机动性越野车辆的主要性能之一,对于其野外作业有重要的战略意义。为了探究不同类型松软土壤地面路况对越野车辆机动性能的影响,基于离散元法对土壤进行建模,通过土壤堆积角测试试验以及土壤圆锥指数试验进行土壤刚度对标测试。通过DEM-MBD联合仿真方法,利用精确的土壤模型,对不可压缩干燥土壤、不可压缩湿润土壤、可压缩干燥土壤、可压缩湿润土壤4种不同类型土壤进行仿真分析,通过对比越野车辆平均速度、牵引力、驱动扭矩、轮胎沉陷量,探究土壤类型对越野车辆机动性能的影响。越野车在湿润土壤上比在干燥土壤上牵引力减少了6.98%,在不可压缩土壤上的稳定行驶速度比在可压缩土壤上稳定行驶速度高34.2%,在湿润的土壤路面上速度更加稳定。研究成果弥补了国内车辆地面力学领域土壤对整车机动性影响的空白,可为军车野外复杂地形(如沙地、雪地、泥泞等)作战时选择最优的行驶路面,提高作战效率。

军用混合动力汽车应用及展望

通过文献综述总结了军用混合动力汽车的优势,对比分析了国内外先进的军用混合动力汽车的性能和特点,梳理出现有军用混合动力汽车所具有的共性问题是:电池的安全性无法保障、电动机寿命易受恶劣环境影响较、成本较高。对军用混合动力汽车的发展趋势进行展望,研究表明:未来军用混合动力汽车性能更均衡、串联式构型加电动轮驱动是未来发展趋势、无人地面车辆将会在未来军事领域发挥重要作用。

军用车辆太阳辐射热效应模拟试验室设计

通过研究太阳辐射国内外相关试验测试标准,对比了不同标准中太阳辐射热效应试验温度、辐照度等指标要求,作为太阳辐射热效应模拟试验室的设计输入条件。针对军用车辆的特点,设计了太阳辐射热效应模拟试验室,该试验室可满足大尺寸军用车辆五面照射的试验需要,通过灯阵设计仿真与验证,试验室辐照度均匀度在10%以内。结合温度控制和太阳模拟系统联合控制,实现了太阳辐射日循环环境模拟,并结合A1干热地区指标要求进行了试验验证。通过试验测试表明,太阳辐射热效应模拟试验室均匀度和允差范围满足GJB 150.7A的设备要求,对军用车辆的太阳辐射热效应试验室设计具有参考价值。

国外军用UUV发展现状与趋势

作为海洋无人化体系战争中重要的一员,水下无人潜航器(UUV)具有机动性好、隐蔽性强和智能度高等优点,被广泛应用于情报侦查、鱼雷反制以及反潜作战等军事任务中,军用UUV成为各国军事装备争相研制的热点装备之一。文章主要论述军用UUV的发展现状、系统组成以及关键技术,并从扩大军用UUV的应用范围和提高作战效能等方面分析其发展趋势。

带梯形截面导磁环的全通道有效车用磁流变减振器设计

车用磁流变减振器(MRD)往往结构尺寸较小,且传统的车用MRD阻尼通道有效工作长度较短,输出阻尼力小,导致其工程应用受到限制。针对这一问题,提出一种带梯形截面导磁环的新型全通道有效MRD以增大阻尼通道有效工作长度,减缓磁饱和,并基于磁流变液流变特性和流体动力学理论给出了具体的结构与磁路设计计算方法,将5种不同结构的MRD进行有限元仿真对比。通过阻尼特性测试试验,分析其阻尼特性并与普通MRD、带弯曲磁路全通道有效MRD进行对比,应用线性二次高斯(LQG)控制器进行减振性能分析。研究结果表明:新型全通道有效MRD能够显著提高阻尼通道有效工作长度,达到阻尼通道全长的99%以上;新型全通道有效MRD能改善小尺寸MRD易发生磁饱和的问题;在相同电流激励与尺寸约束下阻尼通道的磁场强度分布更均匀,平均磁场强度更大,具有更大的输出阻尼力;新型全通道有效MRD在结构尺寸小的同时具有更大的输出阻尼力;新型全通道有效MRD相对于普通MRD具有更好的减振性能,能够进一步降低车辆的簧上质量加速度与轮胎动变形21.51%和1.43%。该研究能有效扩宽小尺寸MRD的实际应用范围,具有一定的工程应用价值。

机动车禁行区街区尺度污染物时空分布——基于自行车车载走航

以武汉第七届世界军人运动会期间为研究时段,以机动车辆管控的东湖风景区为研究区域,开展基于自行车车载走航形式的大气污染物浓度实时观测,填补该区域空气质量监测数据空白,为管控措施的效果评估和街区尺度健康风险评估提供精细数据.结果表明,走航观测所测得的ρ(CO)、ρ(NO_(2))、ρ(PM2.5)和ρ(O_(3))平均值均高于监测站点,平均超过2.1倍.管控期机动车禁行区ρ(CO)、ρ(BC)、ρ(NO_(2))、ρ(PM_(2.5))和ρ(O_(3))的平均值分别为0.97mg/m^(3),5.6μg/m^(3),57.8μg/m^(3),76.3μg/m^(3)和208.3μg/m^(3),非禁行区分别为1.1mg/m^(3),4.7μg/m^(3),60.9μg/m^(3),72.2μg/m^(3)和197.7μg/m^(3).车群行驶缓慢的地方如路口和信号灯处容易出现高值,ρ(BC)、ρ(CO)、ρ(O_(3))和ρ(PM2.5)可分别高达20.1μg/m^(3),1.8mg/m^(3),282.9μg/m^(3)和106.3μg/m^(3).对应时间省控站点所测得的ρ(CO)、ρ(O_(3))和ρ(PM_(2.5))分别为0.73mg/m^(3),128.0μg/m^(3)和31.0μg/m^(3),明显低估街区尺度上人群污染物暴露浓度.基于TPRS法计算背景浓度,发现管控期CO、NO_(2)、PM1、PM2.5、PM10、O_(3)和BC的背景浓度占比分别为75.9%,63.2%,77.6%,77.5%,78.8%,80.7%和37.4%,在管控后均有所上升.

搭载任务载荷军用地面无人系统发展综述

随着军用地面无人系统研究的深入,单一的地面无人机动平台或任务载荷很难满足现代战场的需求,只有任务载荷和机动平台协同发展,地面无人系统才能在战场中真正形成战斗力。为进一步推动任务载荷与机动底盘协同技术的发展,综述了搭载任务载荷军用地面无人系统的发展背景、研究现状及技术特点,分别从多层次多维度的环境建模、基于多模态数据的通行度估计、基于多智能体协同建模的协同规划控制优化方法三方面对其关键技术进行阐述,总结了相关的研究框架和重点,并对搭载任务载荷军用地面无人系统未来的发展方向进行了展望。

无人机在伤员后送中的发展现状与研究展望

现代战争模式发生了巨大变化,给伤员救护带来了严峻挑战。无人机伤员后送应运而生,具有显著的优势,成为各国研究的重要方向,但目前仍处于发展初期,在机型设计、机上医疗平台建设以及安全性方面还有待加强。文章主要介绍无人机伤员后送的发展现状,并结合创伤救治理论以及医疗新技术进行合理展望,以期为军民融合在伤员后送领域的研究提供一些参考。

开展翻覆军用载具医疗救援模拟训练的思考与建议

目的 围绕缩短翻覆军用载具现场救援时间、安全解救伤员和实现车内乘员的有效自救互救,提出有针对性地训练建议。方法 采用文献分析法,检索和归纳国内外军队作战或执行军事任务期间,因受袭或事故而造成的军用载具翻覆和相关救援的文献。结果 逐步开展翻覆军用载具医疗救援模拟训练,既可提高作战人员的自救互救技能,也能提升卫勤保障人员的实战化救援能力。结论 卫勤训练应考虑立足现有指南,制定与我军载具相适应的现场救援SOP;研发模拟训练装置,为展开训练提供硬件支撑;展开相关医学研究,提升现场救援的效能。

全地形车的军用适应性与发展前景

全地形车具有出色的复杂地域机动能力,其机动性能可通过适当的方式进行定量的比较评价。全地形车的技术特性与军事等特殊领域的特定需求有很高的契合度,并在外军得到广泛应用。全地形车在军事领域的应用提高了军队遂行特定任务的效能,在极大促进全地形车技术进步的同时,也为全地形车行业开辟出新的市场空间和发展方向。

军用汽车驾驶训练系统

为解决军用汽车驾驶训练组织困难的问题,搭建虚拟训练平台,设计一种模拟训练系统。立足军用汽车驾驶训练实际,完成军用汽车驾驶训练系统的需求分析,设计系统的基本组成、整体架构、工作流程和软硬件结构,并对关键技术进行深入剖析。结果表明,该模拟训练为系统开发和应用提供了完整的解决方案。

无人机在军事物流领域的应用探析

目的分析无人机的特点优势,提出无人机在军事物流领域应用的模式。方法通过归纳总结、对比分析等方法,设计无人机在军事物流领域的典型应用场景,结合目前存在的问题差距提出针对性对策建议。结果使用无人机进行物资投送保障不受复杂道路条件制约,能有效解决军事物流末端保障难题。结论无人机在军事物流领域的应用前景十分广阔,但当前仍需解决无人机环境适应性、用途多样化、物资投送包装等方面的问题。

军用车辆器材仓库库房布局优化

以某综合仓库保障队(军用车辆器材仓库)为研究对象,分析现有仓库库房布局的不足之处,将储存区细分为大件储存区、小件储存区及关重件保管区,并利用系统布置设计(SLP)方法对该仓库库房进行布局优化,最终结合加权评分法对方案进行评选。新方案在库房利用率、流程效率上都得到显著提升。

1947—1949年北平军车肇祸探赜———以《华北日报》的报道为中心

从《华北日报》对1947—1949年北平车祸的报道来看,军车肇祸数量大、占比高。这是因为平津战役中傅作义为抵抗人民解放军的进攻,于1948年12月率部固守北平城。其部队驻扎地多在城内居民区,往来运输物资及士兵的军车络绎不绝,且司机目无军纪,驾车肆意妄为,由此导致的军车肇祸事件层出不穷。为减少军车肇祸事件的发生,北平警察局及警备司令部等机关采取强制性政策与说教性措施相结合的办法,如出台相关法规或整理军纪、进行交通安全宣传等,但大多收效甚微。