Epidemiological investigation of military training injuries for sea trainingand parachuting training

Objective: To study epidemiological characteristics of the military training injuries (MTI) during parachuting training of the air force and sea training of the navy. Methods:The subjects of this study were 1382, including 971 navy soldiers (300 recruits and 671 soldiers) and 411 for force recruits. Navy: Each of injured soldiers was investigated by the trained battalion surgeon; Air force: When the parachuting training finished , two doctors in specific field screened and investigated them one by one. Results: The incidence of injury in for force recruits was 16.3% and in navy recruits was 18. 7%. The incidence of navy soldiers was 5.5%, which was significantly lower than that of navy recruits. There was a peak of incidence in the 2nd training month of navy recruits. The peak of incidence of navy soldiers was in 1st training month. The incidence of air force maintained at a high level except 2nd training month. The incidences of lower legs and ankles were higher than those of other sites in navy with percentage of 42.9% and 17.9% respectively. The incidences of ankles and lumbar region were higher than those of other sites in air force with percentage of 26.9% and 23.9% respectively. Incidence of acute traumatic injuries was highest during special course. Conclusion: The result showed the incidence of injury in sea and parachuting training varied. Different preventive measures should be adopted during special training.

The effect of military training on anxiety symptoms in Chinese recruits

Objective To investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in army recruits and the effect of military training on anxiety.Methods A cluster sampling of 1431 new army recruits was conducted.The anxiety level of recruits was determined by Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI) and Adult EPQ questionnaires prior to,one month after,and two months after entering basic military training.Self compiled biographic variables of the recruits were collected before the training.Results The highest BAI score(32.71±7.87) was observed 2 days before training,followed by 1 month after training(31.49±7.75) and 2 months after training(29.87±6.95).BAI score before training correlated with neuroticism and extraversion of recruits,the psychological trauma,suicide feeling and frequency of exercise before recruiting.A significant decrease in the percentage of severe symptom of wobbliness in legs,instability to relax,racing heart,dizziness,fear of the worst happening and trembling hands was observed after 1 month and/or 2 months of military training.Conclusion A higher BAI score and percentage of severe anxiety symptoms were observed before the training which correlated with psychological characteristics of recruits as well as the psychological experience before entering training.A combination of early psychological interference and physical exercise could reduce the anxiety.

Models to predict injury, physical fitness failure and attrition in recruit training: a retrospective cohort study

Background:Attrition rate in new army recruits is higher than in incumbent troops.In the current study,we identified the risk factors for attrition due to injuries and physical fitness failure in recruit training.A variety of predictive models were attempted.Methods:This retrospective cohort included 19,769 Army soldiers of the Australian Defence Force receiving recruit training during a period from 2006 to 2011.Among them,7692 reserve soldiers received a 28-day training course,and the remaining 12,077 full-time soldiers received an 80-day training course.Retrieved data included anthropometric measures,course-specific variables,injury,and physical fitness failure.Multivariate regression was used to develop a variety of models to predict the rate of attrition due to injuries and physical fitness failure.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the performance of the models.Results:In the overall analysis that included both the 28-day and 80-day courses,the incidence of injury of any type was 27.8%.The 80-day course had a higher rate of injury if calculated per course(34.3%vs.17.6%in the 28-day course),but lower number of injuries per person-year(1.56 vs.2.29).Fitness test failure rate was significantly higher in the 28-day course(30.0%vs.12.1%).The overall attrition rate was 5.2%and 5.0%in the 28-day and 80-day courses,respectively.Stress fracture was common in the 80-day course(n=44)and rare in the 28-day course(n=1).The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the course-specific predictive models were relatively low(ranging from 0.51 to 0.69),consistent with"failed"to"poor"predictive accuracy.The course-combined models performed somewhat better than the course-specific models,with two models having AUC of 0.70 and 0.78,which are considered"fair"predictive accuracy.Conclusion:Attrition rate was similar between 28-day and 80-day courses.In comparison to the 80-day full course,the 28-day course had a lower rate of injury but a higher number of injuries per person-year and of fitness test failure.These findings suggest fitness level at the commencement of training is a critically important factor to consider when designing the course curriculum,particularly short courses.

A longitudinal analysis of the U.S. Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps physical fitness assessment

Background:The U.S.Air Force physical fitness assessment(PFA)is used to determine the overall fitness of their personnel.It is currently unknown to what extent the PFA scores of Reserve Officers’Training Corps(ROTC)cadets are affected by mandatory physical training.The purpose of this investigation was to longitudinally examine the PFAs of ROTC cadets over a four-year period,evaluate the results across class ranks,and evaluate the sensitivity of the classification of the tests.Methods:Air Force ROTC cadets performed the PFAs(abdominal circumference,1-min pushups,1-min sit-ups,and a 1.5-mile run)in both the spring(n=26)and fall(n=22)semesters.PFAs were compiled over a four-year period(Spring 2014–Fall 2017)and were performed in accordance with Air Force Instruction 36–2905.A oneway repeated measures ANOVA was performed separately for the fall and spring groups for each dependent variable across the 4 years.Additionally,a one-way between groups ANOVA was performed for each dependent variable during the time point(fall 2015;n=46)with the most recorded cadets for each class rank.Results:Longitudinal assessments revealed a main effect of time(P=0.010)on abdominal circumference;cadets had a smaller abdominal circumference in their freshman year than in their senior year.A main effect of time(P=0.006)was also observed on sit-up quantity;cadets performed more sit-ups in their junior year than in their freshman year.Examining between class ranks during the same year(between-subjects ANOVA)revealed a main effect of class rank on sit-up quantity(P=0.003);the freshmen completed fewer repetitions than the sophomores(P=0.018)and the juniors did(P=0.001).Conclusions:The results indicated that only the sit-up component showed differences between class ranks.These findings suggest that the Air Force PFA may not be sensitive enough to detect changes in physical fitness or distinguish between class ranks regarding physical performance,even after years of training.This limitation may be in part due to the limited duration of training incorporated by the ROTC program(2 h per week),which provided a maintenance effect rather than improvement in physical performance.We recommend that more attention be directed to the efficacy of physical training,the sensitivity of measures included in the PFA,or both.

APPLICATION OF PUNCTURING THE POINTS OPPOSITE TO THE DISEASED SIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF TRAINING INJURY IN TROOPS——A Report on 2560 Cases

Puncturing points opposite to the diseased side was used to treat injuries in 2560soldiers during their training.The instant effective rate and curative rate of the therapy was up to 96.25％and 38.44％respectively.

Depression in military medicine cadets: a cross-sectional study

Background: Military medicine cadets undergo strenuous military training alongside demanding medical studies. This stressful and complex educational environment can lead to the emergence of depressive symptoms. We investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms in a cohort of military medicine cadets.Methods: We conducted a descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among Greek military medicine cadets in the undergraduate program of the Hellenic Military School of Combat Support Officers. The Greek translation of the Zung self-rating depression scale questionnaire was used to screen for the presence of depressive symptoms. In addition, demographic, academic and dietary information was collected. The Shapiro-Wilk test of normality, Pearson correlation test, Chi-square test, t-test and Mann Whitney U test were employed for statistical analysis.Results: We enrolled 55 female and 91 male military medicine cadets with a mean age of 19.84 years(SD=0.99). The mean Zung crude score was 43.32(SD=4.55): 42.8(SD=4.43) for female cadets and 43.64(SD=4.6) for male cadets. Cadets were further subdivided into low and high risk groups for the presence of depressive symptoms. We identified 57(39%) cadets with a total Zung crude score of 45 or above: 21 females and 36 males. Statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups based on gender, year of training, academic performance, alcohol consumption, smoking status, vitamin supplementation, dietary habits or BMI.Conclusion: We report a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in a cohort of military medicine cadets that underscores the need for effective screening and appropriate and timely interventions. We did not identify any related risk factors. Military medicine cadets are exposed to a challenging military and medical training environment, and thus represent a group at risk for development of depression.

Nutritional Status and Physical Activities among Army Trainees in Public Institutions of Higher Education in Malaysia

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status and physical activities of university students that enrolled in military training with the age range of 20 - 34 years. Nutritional status assessment was based on eating habit questionnaires, anthropometric measurements with body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), food intake records for three days and also food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Assessment of physical activities was carried out using physical activities records. Food intake and physical activities data were analyzed using the Nutri-Antro Web (NAW) software. Generally, the subjects were found to have good nutrition knowledge and food intake habits, except for having an irregular meal time (85.0%). Based on BMI studies, 80.0% of male subjects and 78.6% of female subjects were within normal range with the average of 22.94 ± 2.97 kg/m2 and 21.40 ± 3.06 kg/m2 respectively. None of the subjects had WHR above the cut-off point of 1.0 for men and 0.85 for women. The average energy intake for male and female was 2589 ± 687 kcal and 1959 ± 460 kcal respectively. Overall, nutrient intake of both genders fulfilled Malaysia Recommended Nutrient Intake 2005 (RNI) except for the average energy intake of the female subjects. The daily physiccal activities patterns revealed that 73.6% was used for light activities, 19.7% for moderate while 7.4% for heavy activities. The average daily energy expenditure for male subjects (3161 ± 444 kcal) was higher than the female subjects (2492 ± 388 kcal). Both male and female subjects have negative energy balance of -572 kcal and -533 kcal respecttively. Majority of the subjects were categorized as physically active (77.9%). Pearson correlation test showed that physical activities were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI, WHR and nutrient intakes except for the intake of vitamin C. In conclusion, nutritional status and physical activity level of subjects were satisfactory.

Advances in the application of acupuncture in military first aid

Acupuncture has a long history in China and has played an important role in military medical treatment since ancient times.Acupuncture therapy has been gradually popularized in the armies of various countries.It not only alleviates tissue damage of acute cardio-cerebrovascular injury but also can relieve all types of pain.However,compared with its rising popularity abroad,insufficient attention has been devoted to acupuncture in first aid domestically.Military health care has also ignored its potential value.The implementation of acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine can relieve pain better and faster.Acupuncture can reduce the sequels of training-related injuries,and further improve the level of military medical security.It is significant for the establishment of an emergency medical system and the development of traditional medical techniques.

Study on Talent Cultivation Mode and Teaching Methods Reform in Military Academics

Military talents are those who have higher culture and scientific quality, much strong innovation consciousness and thinking ability. The overall objective of military talent training is to cultivate the comprehensive-quality military personnel that meet the requirements of military modernization and preparations for military struggle. In this paper, we construct the military talent training objectives model, and on this basis, we propose the innovative military talent training mode, from the perspective of curriculum content system and talent quality assurance system.

基于RoBERTa-Span-Attack的标签指针网络军事命名实体识别

军事领域文本中存在大量军事实体信息,准确识别这些信息是军事文本信息提取和构建军事知识图谱的基础性任务。首先,提出了一种基于RoBERTa预训练模型、跨度和对抗训练的标签指针网络的融合深度模型(RoBERTa-Span-Attack),用于中文军事命名实体识别;然后,采用了一种基于Span的标签指针网络,同时完成实体的起止位置和类别的识别任务;最后,在模型训练过程中加入对抗训练策略,通过添加一些扰动来生成对抗样本进行训练。在军事领域数据集上的实验结果表明:所提出的军事领域命名实体识别模型相较于BERT-CRF、BERT-Softmax和BERT-Span,在识别准确度上具有更优的效果。

“三全育人”视角下新时代普通高校学生军训育人体系的构建

新时代需要普通高等学校学生军事技能训练提质增效。学生军事技能训练既是学校国防教育的重要载体和有效形式,也是深化“三全育人”综合改革的有效途径。学生军训育人离不开对全员、全过程、全方位的“三全育人”核心理念理解与践行,其中全员育人是学生军训育人的基本保障,全过程育人是学生军训育人的发展方向,全方位育人是学生军训育人的必由之路,“三全育人”有力推进学生军训育人高质量发展。本文以“三全育人”视角,围绕北京科技大学学生军事技能训练实践,构建了“四相结合,五育并举”的新时代普通高校学生军训育人体系的构建,为深化学生军训改革提供参考建议。

军队院校岗位任职理论培训课程教学改革与实践

任职理论培训课程为提高机务军官岗位任职能力奠定了坚实的装备理论基础,但是随着部队岗位职责和装备技术形态的不断变化,传统任职理论培训模式亟须改革。结合“飞行控制系统”教学实际,从修订课程教学目标出发,始终秉持“源于部队、服务作战”的教学理念;通过优化改革,形成了“理论—装备—作战”一体的教学内容体系;采用多维协同的教学组织模式,创新凝练了“五步递进教学法”进行课堂教学;同时构建了包括实装和飞行模拟的实践教学环境,教学效果显著提升。课程改革实践可以为相关任职理论培训课程教学改革提供参考。

美国太空军的人才培养体系建设举措及其启示

为深入探讨新型作战力量人才队伍建设的基本规律,基于文献研究对美国近年来实施的太空军人才培养举措进行系统梳理。美军一向重视太空作战人才队伍建设,太空军独立后更是在太空训练与战备司令部的领导下加快构建独立的教育训练体系,围绕太空作战人才培养推出了一系列思路举措:一方面加强军队院校太空教育专业性,另一方面拓展军民融合途径。从分步建设人才培训体系、充分借助地方资源培养人才、重视文职人员培养3个方面提出军队新型作战力量人才队伍建设的建议。

腰肌劳损的中医药治疗研究进展

腰肌劳损是一种由腰部肌肉、筋膜、韧带等软组织损伤导致的炎症性疾病,临床常表现为反复发作不同程度的腰骶部酸胀痛,可向臀部放射,活动受限,多在扭转、久坐久立及天气变化时加重,通常在短暂休息或改变体位后,疼痛得到一定程度的缓解。本病的病理机制主要与肌组织及其附着点处的过度牵拉,导致局部反应性炎症、局部组织变性有关。近年来,中西医在本病的治疗方面均取得了显著进展,乙酰氨基酚、阿司匹林、塞来昔布等非甾体类抗炎药以及镇痛药效果较好,但存在不良反应,而中药内服、外敷、推拿、艾灸、康复锻炼等中医疗法效果显著,作用时间久,不容易复发,深受患者喜爱。腰肌劳损在军事训练伤中较为常见,管理者与临床医生也开展了系列研究。

非侵入性军事认知神经训练研究与展望

伴随认知神经科学进入技术应用时代,军事心理训练从传统的行为训练向基于神经成像、人工智能和虚拟现实等技术的认知神经训练发展。认知神经训练包括侵入性和非侵入性两类,既可用于军事职业相关神经精神障碍的辅助治疗,更可作为以脑为靶点的预防性训练以增强认知、调节情绪和塑造行为。本文聚焦于非侵入性认知神经训练,重点梳理以重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)、经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)和低强度聚焦超声(low-intensity focused ultrasound,LIFU)等为代表的非侵入性脑刺激(non-invasive brain stimulation,NIBS)以及由脑电图(electroencephalography,EEG)、功能磁共振(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)和功能近红外光谱技术(functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS)介导的神经反馈(neurofeedback,NF),展望其智能化、个性化、多模态、感官化和可穿戴发展趋势,并探讨我军开展认知神经训练研究和应用需要注意的问题。

理工类专业的专业思政探索——以军校电子信息工程专业为例

围绕电子信息工程专业高素质、专业化新型人才的培养目标,结合军校着重培养学生忠诚使命、爱国情怀、科学思维和岗位任职等能力素质的特点,该文从专业课课程整体出发,探索构建军校电子信息工程专业的专业思政体系,实现思政元素由点到面、思政路线由齐头并进到有序递进、思政模式由单打独斗到协同统一的转变。重点以电子信息工程专业的电路分析基础、信号与系统、数字信号处理三门基础专业课为例,提炼科学思维培养的典型思政案例,阐述专业思政体系构建的实施路径与方法,实现专业知识教学与思政教育的同向同行。

青鹏软膏超声波导入对膝关节军事训练伤的疗效研究

背景膝关节损伤是常见的军事训练伤,严重影响战士的战斗力,近年军事训练伤的防治变得越发重要。超声波治疗和青鹏软膏是常用的运动损伤疗法,但是两者联合应用的研究较少。目的分析青鹏软膏超声波导入治疗军事训练致膝关节损伤的临床效果。方法选取2022年5—7月在中国人民解放军西部战区总医院第五派驻门诊部治疗的膝关节损伤患者56例,利用IBM-SPSS 25.0统计软件产生随机数字后进行随机分组,分为对照组(研究过程中脱落4例,n=24)与治疗组(n=28)。对照组给予普通耦合剂超声波治疗,治疗组给予青鹏软膏超声波导入治疗,1次/d,1个疗程10次,共2个疗程。比较两组治疗前后Lysholm膝关节评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评分、膝关节活动度。结果治疗前,两组患者Lysholm膝关节评分、VAS评分、HAMD-17评分、膝关节活动度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗2个疗程,治疗组患者膝关节被动关节活动度优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗2个疗程后,两组患者Lysholm膝关节评分高于治疗前,VAS评分低于治疗前(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗组治疗2个疗程膝关节主动关节活动度、被动关节活动度增加(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗组患者治疗2个疗程HAMD-17评分降低(P<0.05)。结论青鹏软膏超声导入治疗与普通耦合剂超声波两种治疗方法均可显著增加Lysholm膝关节评分,改善膝关节功能;降低膝关节损伤患者VAS评分,缓解疼痛。青鹏软膏作为超声波治疗的特殊耦合剂,相比普通耦合剂,具有一定的优势。

基于HFACS模型的军事演训活动风险评估指标体系构建

基于人因分析与分类系统(HFACS)分析军事演训活动的全面风险,考虑联合军事演训和新域新质作战力量的特点,并突出演训活动的战斗力标准。在改进HFACS模型分析框架的基础上,逐层次细化拆解,建立初步的风险评估指标库,并结合专家知识运用风险矩阵对指标库进行优化。构建人为因素视角下涵盖战斗力的风险、组织管理的风险、不安全行为的前提条件的风险和不安全行为的风险等4个方面以及包含战斗精神、新型主战武器、智能装备等在内的15项极高风险指标、20项高风险指标和8项中风险指标的风险评估指标体系。

透视美国海军水面作战军官的首次任职教育

美国海军军官的培训体系由任命前教育、职业军事教育、兵种专业教育、研究生教育四种类型构成,首次任职教育属于兵种专业教育类型。美军水面作战军官首次任职教育自实施以来经历了培训模式的多次改革调整,虽然具有一定的合理先进之处,但也暴露出美国海军对院校培训重视不够、过于迷信技术手段、低估在岗学习的困难等主要问题。美军的经验教训启示我们要准确定位首次任职教育的培训属性、合理设计首次任职教育的培训模式、科学规划军官的职业成长体系。