Study on Tanshinone Extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Dregs

[Objective]The aim was to extract tanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. dregs and to determine tanshinone components. [Method]Organic solvent method was adopted to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs and TLC was used to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The components of tanshinone were measured with HPLC. [Result]Ether was the best solvent to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs. After water immersion,dry dregs of S. miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng were extracted with ethanol to obtain fat-soluble extracts. Then with ether as the solvent for Soxhlet extraction,the yield of crude tanshinone was 2.17%. The HPLC detection showed that the contents of tanshinone Ⅱ A,methylene tanshinquinone,cryptotanshinone,tanshinone Ⅰ were 3.62%,1.02%,2.56%,2.75% respectively. [Conclusion]The components of tanshinone in S. miltiorrhiza dregs were basically the same as tanshinone in medicine S. miltiorrhiza. S. miltiorrhiza dregs could be used as a kind of tanshinone resource,which has the value of development and utilization.

Investigation on Genetic Characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. by Using cpSSR Technology

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the genetic characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza by using cpSSR （chloroplast microsatellites） molecular marker method. [Method] Twelve pairs of SSR primers with ideal cpSSR amplification result, good repeatability and clear amplification bands were selected for cpSSR detection and analysis of S. miltiorrhiza samples from 31 sampling locations in 25 counties of 8 provinces in China. [Result] S. miltiorrhiza shows an overall medium level in the cytoplasmic inheritance （cpSSR） and varying degrees of differences in the regions. Based on Shannon’s Information index （I） and Nei’s genetic diversity index, the cytoplasmic genetic diversity in different provinces shows a decreasing order of Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Anhui. Genetic variations of S. miltiorrhiza in eight provinces were found mainly among populations. Gene flow among populations with in a province is less than that among different provinces. [Conclusion] Comprehensive analysis shows that S. miltiorrhiza cultivated in genuine producing areas and traditional main producing areas are mainly introduced from the local before introduction of some foreign germplasm resources during cultivation. The exchange of S. miltiorrhiza germplasm resources exists very early among genuine producing areas such as Sichuan, Shandong and Henan, while S. miltiorrhiza germplasm resources in new producing areas are mainly introduced from genuine producing areas. However, no geographical correlation was observed in the genetic differentiation, which further reveals that there is a wide range of genetic exchange among S. miltiorrhiza germplasm resources in China, resulting from the artificial introduction from allopatry.

Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba on neuronal regeneration following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

BACKGROUND： Subsequent to cerebral ischemic injury, endogenous neural stem cells are activated, but ischemia-induced neuronal loss is not compensated by ischemic injury-induced neural regeneration. Salvia （S.） miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba （Baihua Danshen, a Chinese herbal medicine） could enhance learning and memory functions, as well as promote neural regeneration. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba on recovery from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the influence on neuronal regeneration and differentiation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, animal experiments were performed at the Experimental Animal Center and Neurobiology Laboratory of Taishan Medical College in September of 2006. MATERIALS： S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba was provided by Taishan Medical College Botanic Garden, Taian, China; dl-3n-butylphthalide （NBP） soft capsule was purchased from NBP Pharmaceutical, Shijiazhuang, China; mouse anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibody, rabbit anti-NF200 antibody, and bromodeoxyuridine were purchased from Sigma, Louis, MO, USA; Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI apoptosis kit was purchased from Nanjing Comissariado Biological Technology Development, Nanjing, China. METHODS： Adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham surgery, model （cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, without administration）, S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba, and NBP groups. Following establishment of the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model, S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba or NBP （1 mL/100 g） was respectively perfused at 30 minutes following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Alterations in cerebral blood flow before and after ischemia/reperfusion, NF200- and bromodeoxyuridine-double positive cells in striatum of affected tissues, as well as neuronal apoptosis rate at days 5 and 7 following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. RESULTS： Subsequent to cerebral ischemia reperfusion, cerebral blood flow was reduced. Following treatment with S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba, cerebral blood flow significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）. NBP treatment was inferior to S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba with regard to stabilization of cerebral blood flow （P 〈 0.05）. S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba significantly increased the number of newly formed neurons in rats following cerebral ischemia （P 〈 0.05） and significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis （P 〈 0.05）, with no significant difference compared with NBP treatment （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba significantly increased cerebral blood flow, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and promoted neuronal regeneration in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion impairment.

Effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and the Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

The effects of salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the action mechanism were investigated. Normal Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats were used as negative control, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly assigned to receive pla- cebo or SMB. SMB (1 g/kg·d) was injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured. HE, VG and immunohistochemical staining combined with computed morphometry were employed to evaluate the cardiomyocyte size, diameter, the collagen volume fraction (CVF), perivascular circumferential area (PVCA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the left ventricular tissue. The results showed, as compared with WKY rats, the SBP, LVMI, cardiomyocyte size, diameter, CVF, PCVA, and TNF-α expression were increased markedly in the 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. SMB decreased LVMI (P<0.01), size of cardiomyocytes (P<0.01), collagen volume fraction (P<0.01), perivascular circum- ferential area (P<0.01), and TNF-α expression (P<0.01), but had no effect on SBP (P>0.05). It was suggested that chronic administration of SMB could inhibit and reverse the development of LVH in spontaneously hypertensive rats independent of BP. TNF-α may be involved in the reversal mecha- nism of LVH by SMB.

Visualizing the spatial distribution and alteration of metabolites in continuously cropped Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge using MALDI-MSI

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge(SMB)has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Growing clinical usage has led to a huge demand for artificial planting of SMB.Thus,continuous cropping of SMB is an important challenge that needs to be addressed.Continuous cropping can alter the metabolic profile of plants,resulting in poor growth and low yield.In this study,we tried to image the spatial location and variation of endogenous metabolites in continuously cropped SMB using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDIMSI).Spatially resolved expressions of tanshinones,salvianolic acids,polyamines,phenolic acids,amino acids,and oligosaccharides in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots were compared.The expressions of dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ,tanshinone Ⅱ A,dehydromiltirone,miltirone,dehydrotanshinone ⅡA,spermine,salvianolic acid B/E,tetrasaccharide,and pentasaccharide in continuously cropped SMB roots were much lower than those in normal roots.There was little difference in the expressions of caffeic acid and salvianolic acid A in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots.Ferulic acid was more widely distributed in xylem of normal SMB but strongly expressed in xylem,phloem,and cambium of continuously cropped SMB.The spatially resolved metabolite information enhances our understanding of the metabolic signature of continuously cropped SMB and also provides insights into the metabolic effects of continuous cropping in other plants.

Molecular Identification of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Its Adulterants Based on ITS2 Sequences

[ Objectives] The study was conducted to investigate the molecular identification of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and its adulterants by DNA barcoding andspecific primer PCR. [ Methods] With ITS2 sequenceas DNA barcode, the materials were amplified by PCR and sequenced, and the NJ phylogenetic tree was constructed. The secondary structure of ITS2 was predicted by database and its website established by Koetschan et al. , and the self-designed primers were used to carry out specific primer PCR identification. [Results] ITS2 sequence length was around 470 bp. The results of cluster analysis showed that S. miltiorrhiza Bge. and its adulterants were clustered on different branches and showed monophyly. The comparison of secondary structure showed that S. miltiorrhiza Bge. had little differences from S. przewalskii, while there were significant differences from A. lappa in the number, size and location of stem-loop and the rotation angle of the spiral arm from the central ring. The specific primers could distinguish the S. miltiorrhiza Bge. and its counterfeits by PCR technique. [Conclusions] DNA barcoding and specific primer PCR are effective in distinguishing S. miltiorrhiza Bge. and its adulterants, and it has an important application foreground in the identification of Chinese herbal medicines.

Effects of salvia miltiorrhiza bge on myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive rats

Objective: To study the effects of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on myocardial fibrosis in hypertension in rats. Methods: Normal Wistar kyoto rats served as negative control (group A) . The rats with hypertension were divided into 2 groups: the hypertension group (group B) which served as the positive control and the SMB-treated hypertension group (group C). The effects of SMB on the systolic pressure, the myocardial content of aldosterone (ALD) and nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the myocardium were detected. Results: The systolic pressure of the rats of group C showed no marked change after the administration of SMB and showed no difference from that of the rats of group B. The content of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ of the left ventricle, the collagen Ⅰ /collagen Ⅲ ratio and the content-of ALD were lower in group C than in group B and higher in group C than in group A. The content of NO and the activity of SOD in the myocardium were higher in group C than in group B and lower in group C than in group A. Conclusion: It was concluded that SMB was able to prevent or reverse the progress of myocardial fibrosis resulting from hypertension. The mechanism of this effect of SMB might be due to the fact that SMB can decrease the collagen synthesis and ALD content and increase collagen decomposition, NO content and SOD activity in the myocardium.

Protective effect and possible mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies

Objective:To explore the protective effect and potential mechanisms of danshen root(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,S.miltiorrhiza) and its extracts for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods:Preclinical studies of S.miltiorrhiza and its extracts on DN were systematically searched in nine databases.The primary outcomes were blood glucose,kidney function,proteinuria,and renal histopathology.The secondary outcomes included the related mechanisms.The methodological quality of animal studies was assessed based on the risk of bias tool of the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation(SYRCLE) for animal studies.Meta-analysis was performed using R software(version 4.1.2).Results:Twenty-nine animal experimental studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in this study.Compared to the control group,S.miltiorrhiza reduced the serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,24-h urine protein,24-h urine albumin,blood glucose,and kidney index(kidney weight/body weight),and alleviated renal pathological damage.In terms of the mechanism of action,compared to the control group,S.miltiorrhiza reduced the levels of transforming growth factor β1,collagen Ⅳ,malondialdehyde,tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin-6,and monocyte/macrophage(ED-1),and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,nuclear factor E2-related factor 2,and heme oxygenase-1.Conclusion:The existing evidence shows that S.miltiorrhiza has beneficial effects on the animal model of DN,and its mechanism is mainly related to improving kidney fibrosis,oxidative stress,and inflammatory response.

The Effect of Soil Enzymes and Polysaccharides Secreted by the Roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge under Drought,High Temperature,and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deficits

Root exudates serve as crucial mediators for information exchange between plants and soil,and are an important evolutionary mechanism for plants’adaptation to environmental changes.In this study,15 different abiotic stress models were established using various stress factors,including drought(D),high temperature(T),nitrogen deficiency(N),phosphorus deficiency(P),and their combinations.We investigated their effects on the seedling growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and the activities of Solid-Urease(S-UE),Solid-Nitrite Reductase(S-NiR),Solid-Nitrate Reductase(S-NR),Solid-Phosphotransferase(S-PT),and Solid-Catalase(S-CAT),as well as the contents of polysaccharides in the culture medium.The results showed that the growth of S.miltiorrhiza was inhibited under 15 stress conditions.Among them,13 stress conditions increased the root-shoot ratio.These 15 stress conditions significantly reduced the activity of S-NR,two combinations significantly improved the activity of S-NIR,they were synergistic stresses of high temperature and nitrogen deficiency(TN),and synergistic stresses of drought and nitrogen deficiency(DN)(p<0.05).The activity of S-UE was significantly improved under N,D,T,synergistic stresses of drought and high temperature(DT),DN,synergistic stresses of drought and phosphorus deficiency(DP),and synergistic stresses of high temperature,nitrogen,and phosphorus deficiency(TNP)stress conditions(p<0.05).Most stress combinations reduced the activity of S-PT,but D and T significantly improved it.(p<0.05).The N,DN,and TN stress conditions significantly reduced S-CAT activity.The P,DT,and synergistic stresses of drought,high temperature,and phosphorus deficiency(DTP)significantly decreased the total polysaccharide content of the soil(p<0.05).The research suggested that abiotic stress hindered the growth of S.miltiorrhiza and altered the behavior of root secretion.Roots regulated the secretion of several substances in response to various abiotic stresses,including soil nitrogen cycle enzymes,phosphorus transport-related enzymes,and antioxidant enzymes.In conclusion,plants regulate the utilization of rhizosphere substances in response to abiotic stresses by modulating the exudation of soil enzymes and polysaccharides by the root system.At the same time,soil carbon sequestration was affected by the adverse environment,which restricted the input of organic matter into the soil.

Hypoglycemic Effect of Radix Et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Guixi Green Tea and Their Compatibility on Mice

[Objectives]To explore the hypoglycemic effect of Radix Et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Guixi green tea and their compatibility on mice,so as to provide more options for the adjuvant treatment of diabetes and improve the comprehensive utilization value of Guixi green tea.[Methods]After being fed adaptively for 7 d,60 SPF-grade male mice were intraperitoneally injected with alloxouracil(180 mg/kg)to induce hyperglycemia model,from which 35 mice with a successful model were selected.They were randomly divided into 5 groups(Danshen group,green tea group,compatible group,positive control group and blank control group),with 7 animals in each group.The mice in all groups were administered according to the dose of 200 mg/kg once a day for 15 d.After the last administration,their body weight was measured on the 15 th day after fasting for 12 h,and their fasting blood glucose was measured by tail clipping.[Results]After modeling,the mice in each group showed typical hyperglycemia symptoms,namely obvious polydipsia,polyphagia,polyuria and weight loss.Compared with the blank control group,Danshen group and green tea group had obvious hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and compatible group had significant hypoglycemic effect(P<0.01).Compared with the blank control group,the weight loss of diabetic mice could also be inhibited in green tea group and compatible group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Danshen,Guixi green tea and their compatibility had the effect of lowering blood sugar,among which the compatible group had the most obvious effect.

山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida Bge．)遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR标记分析

利用RAPD和ISSR标记对35份山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge．）资源进行了DNA多态性分析。12个RAPD引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带，其中89条显示多态性，平均每个引物扩增出7．4条多态性谱带。13个ISSR引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带，其中94条显示多态性，平均每个引物扩增出7．2条多态性谱带。基于RAPD和ISSR标记，利用UPGMA分别构建了35份山楂资源的聚类树状图。距离系数分别为0～0．62（RAPD）和0～0．64（ISSR），表明山楂具有较高的遗传多样性。

山东丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)不同地理居群的遗传多样性

以山东泰安、临沂、莱芜、菏泽和潍坊5个居群的72份丹参株系为材料,利用ISSR引物进行群体遗传结构的研究。结果表明:8个ISSR引物在5个居群中共扩增出219个位点,平均可扩增出27条带,在种级水平及泰安、临沂、莱芜、菏泽和潍坊5个居群水平多态性位点百分比分别为98.63%、81.28%、66.67%、66.21%、51.14%和50.68%,种级水平的Nei基因多样性和Shannon信息指数大于各居群;5个居群Nei基因多样性和Shannon信息指数相比较,泰安>临沂>莱芜>菏泽>潍坊;根据基因分化系数,测得的基因流值Nm为4.2352;UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,莱芜居群和临沂居群遗传一致度最大,遗传关系最近,泰安居群与其它4个居群遗传关系最远;分析发现菏泽居群、泰安居群是相对独立的群体,但5个居群间存在部分基因交流。所有参数分析表明,泰安居群遗传多样性最丰富,故在制定原位种质保护计划时应优先考虑泰山周边地区的丹参。

保水剂对杜梨(P. betulaefolia Bge.)生长及生理的影响

在盆栽条件下，对保水剂处理的杜梨苗木的生长及生理状况进行比较研究。研究结果表明，在自然生长环境中，3种保水剂用量处理对杜梨苗木生长量依次为T2（50g／盘）、T3（70g／盘），T1（25g／盘），且生长量显著高于对照；而在干旱胁迫条件下，随着保水剂用量增加生长量也增加，且苗木生存期显著延长，比对照显著提高29．7％～58．2％。在干旱胁迫前期，净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）随剂量增加而上升，但达到一定剂量会受水分的胁迫而下降；而在干旱21d时，净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）随剂量增加而上升。

盐胁迫对梭梭(HaloxylonammodendzonBge.)幼苗体内保护酶系统活性的影响

分别用０、１％、２％、３％和４％ＮａＣｌ盐溶液处理梭梭幼苗１２ｈ．测定体内ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ和ＰＯＤ活性，ＭＤＡ和蛋白质含量，电导率．结果表明：梭梭幼苗在适当的ＮａＣｌ胁迫下，体内能维持较高的保护酶活性；较低的膜脂过氧化作用和细胞膜透性．说明梭梭具有较强的耐盐性．

葡萄糖对盐胁迫下山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.)幼苗光合荧光特性的影响

为了探讨外源葡萄糖对盐胁迫下山楂叶片的缓解效应,采用光合和叶绿素荧光技术,研究了葡萄糖对盐胁迫下山楂幼苗叶片光合与叶绿素荧光特性及细胞保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:葡萄糖能减轻因盐胁迫造成的叶片光合机构的破坏程度,提高叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)及气孔导度(Gs),降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci),提高PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm),PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo),反应中心吸收的光能用于电子传递的量子产额(ΦEo)及以吸收光能为基础的光合性能指数(PIABS)。各浓度外源葡萄糖处理Pn、Fv/Fm及PIABS值比单一盐胁迫处理分别高3.4%～59.8%、5.4%～18.2%和5.6%～78.4%,表明外源葡萄糖提高了盐胁迫下山楂叶片光能利用率及光系统Ⅱ的光化学效率。同时,外源葡萄糖还能够显著提高其叶片内SOD和POD的活性,减少MDA的含量。5.0mmol.L-1外源葡萄糖处理叶片内SOD和POD活性比单一盐胁迫植株分别高21.1%和15.3%,而MDA的含量降低30.1%。

杜梨(Pyrus betulifolia Bge.)多糖提取工艺及其清除自由基活性

通过L9(33)正交试验获得杜梨(Pyrus betulaefolia Bge.)多糖最佳提取工艺。在运用紫外光谱、红外光谱及高效液相色谱等方法研究杜梨多糖(PBP)理化性质的基础上,进一步评价了PBP对羟自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)和1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基的清除活性。结果表明,在料液比为1∶15,90℃下提取5h的最优条件下,PBP提取率达到18.65%。多角激光光散射仪分析表明,PBP分子质量为392.9kD。单糖组成分析表明,PBP是由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖醛酸、鼠李糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖组成,摩尔比为49.54∶28.68∶8.81∶8.45∶4.54。PBP不仅具有清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基活性,对DPPH自由基的清除活性更强。

Study on Tissue Culture and Radiation Mutation of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus(Bge.) Hsiao

[Objective] The research aimed to study the tissue culture technology and callus induction by radiation mutation of A. membranaceus Bge. [ Method ] With the different parts of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus （ Bge. ） Hsiao aseptic seedling as explants （ leaves, cotyledons, hypocotyls） induced callus, and cotyledon and hypocotyls taken by the method of radiation mutation were studied. [ Result]The results showed that the three explants had relatively high callus induced rate in the medium which respectively made up of MS ＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L ＋ NAA2.0 mg/L, LS ＋6-BA2.0 mg/L ＋NAA0.1 mg/L, MS ＋ 6-BA2.0 rng/L ＋ NAA2.0 rag/L; the optimum mutation time of hypocotyls and cotyledons was 15 minutes; the growth of the callus induced from hypocotyls would be better as the mutation time increased, but when it reached a certain time the growth would be weaken, the induction rate also would be reduced. [ Conclusion] This study will provide the scientific reference in tissue culture and mutation breeding of A. membranaceus Bge.

Study on the Influencing Factors and the Root Mechanism in Cutting Process of Prunus humilis(Bge). Sok

A procedure for cutting Prunus humilis（Bge）. Sok was comprehensively studied in this paper. It was found that the key factors involved in this procession were medium, rooting accelerator, concentration of rooting accelerator and type of shoot. The results showed that send was used as mediums; Treatment with 1 000 mg/L AST rooting powder No. 2 and semi-woody shoots were the optimal materials for cutting, and the rooting rate reached 88.1%. Anatomical study on rooting of Prunus hum#is（Bge）. Sok cutting has been carded out by the paraffin section method. The observation result shows that the adventitious root primordium of Prunus humili$（Bge）. Sok cutting belongs to the type of induced root primordium. The adventitiousroot primordium originates from the cross region of vascular cambium and pith rays.

Dynamic of Root Dry Weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the dynamic of root dry weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza to provide a basis for optimal management in field cultivation. MethodThe Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge seedlings were transplanted at three different dates November 26, 2009 （T 1 ）, March 9, 2010（T 2 ） and March 27, 2010（T 3 ）, and at three different densities 20 cm × 25 cm （D 1 ）, 25 cm × 25 cm （D 2 ）, 25 cm × 30 cm （D 3 ）. So a total of nine treatments were finally set. The samples were collected regularly for measuring the root dry weight and plotting the dynamic curves. Normalized root weight was fitted with CURVE EXPERT 1.3. ResultLogistic equation was the most superior equation, and estimated respectively two inflection points and length of fast growing time of S. miltiorrhiza. ConclusionThe fast-growing time of S. miltiorrhiza root was in 1 900 ℃·d to 2 200 ℃·d GDD.

丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)中一对具有新奇结构的立体异构体的结构测定

为了进一步弄清丹参的化学成分，应用化学和色谱分离方法从丹参中分离到一个白色粉末固体，经综合运用先进的波谱分析手段，包括１Ｈ－１ＨＣＯＳＹ、１Ｈ－１３ＣＣＯＳＹ、ＣＯＬＯＣ、ＮＯＥ等二维核磁共振谱确定了它们的化学结构为一对具有螺环缩酮内酯结构的新二萜类立体异构体化合物．