Multi-agent immune recognition of water mine model

It is necessary for mine countermeasure systems to recognise the model of a water mine before destroying because the destroying measures to be taken must be determined according to mine model. In this paper, an immune neural network (INN) along with water mine model recognition system based on multi-agent system is proposed. A modified clonal selection algorithm for constructing such an INN is presented based on clonal selection principle. The INN is a two-layer Boolean network whose number of outputs is adaptable according to the task and the affinity threshold. Adjusting the affinity threshold can easily control different recognition precision, and the affinity threshold also can control the capability of noise tolerance.

基于Mine2Vec煤矿风险推送机制的研究与实现

为了及时发现和预防可能出现的煤矿安全隐患和安全事故,基于Mine2Vec的煤矿风险推送模型与Item2Vec的用户访问信息推送模型加权融合,实现了煤矿风险推送机制,并应用于“互联网+”煤矿安全管控平台中。经Hololens2眼动仪验证,平台内容经模型推送后,点击次数、注视时长明显增多。研究成果可为用户推送相似煤矿企业的风险信息及其他煤矿风险资讯,使用户提前预防和规避煤矿风险。

3DMine软件在罗河铁矿测量中的应用

在地下矿山测量中,3DMine软件具有高效处理数据、直观反映采空区或其他井下巷道实际情况、准确提供充填空间体积与质量等优势。通过分析3DMine在罗河地下铁矿的建模过程和模型剖面,进一步判断采空区体积以及超欠挖情况。结果表明,相较于传统测量方式,3DMine软件能更加便捷直观地分析矿山数据,并且各类数据利用率也较高。同时也证明了3DMine矿业软件在矿山生产过程中具备巨大优势,并为地下矿山测量技术的发展提供了有益参考。

基于Rhino和3Dmine的露天煤矿边坡三维数值模型构建

针对露天煤矿边坡人工地表起伏突出和自然地层相对平滑的几何特点,以Rhino和3Dmine软件为过渡平台,以Nurbs和DTM曲面差值处理方法分别对露天煤矿地表和地层进行处理,最终在Rhino中完成露天煤矿边坡三维数值模型网格的划分及输出,实现兼顾人工地表特征和自然地层特征的露天煤矿边坡三维数值模型的全程可视化构建。工程案例分析结果表明:此方法所构建的数值模型可充分体现露天煤矿三维边坡的几何特点。

关于3Dmine矿业软件在露天矿山短中期采剥规划中的应用实践

在露天矿山开采过程中,往往因无法准确估算计划采剥区域的废石量、矿石量、废石资源量,同时难以直观的看出短中期计划采剥区域在开挖后会形成一个怎样的空间形态以及计划采剥区域范围内矿石量和围岩量,而导致在做短中期采剥计划过程中无法进行合理的设备配置以及难以直观看到在短中期计划区域竣工后对整个采区下一步采剥规划的影响,主要包括:下一步采剥规划过程中的运输道路预布置、穿爆作业面布置、平台防排水沟道规划、动力管线布置等。本文主要介绍基于在露天矿山已应用3Dmine矿业软件完成对整个采剥区域的地质建模(主要包括采区的围岩、矿体、矿石品位、矿体号、经济类型、矿石种类)及每月计划结束后已完成地形图更新的基础上,应用3Dmine矿业软件对计划采剥区域块进行模拟设计,可解决上述问题。

3DMine三维矿业软件在矿山地质中的应用

以夏甸金矿为例,利用3DMine三维矿业软件建立钻孔数据库,采用勘探线切剖面图、圈定矿体轮廓等信息构建三维矿体模型,估算矿产资源储量,对矿体在深部赋存情况进行分析。通过3DMine三维矿业软件建立三维模型,实现矿产资源可视化,指导矿山生产,为矿山后续探矿工作提供模型数据依据。

3Dmine在南非某金矿资源量估算中的应用

以南非某金矿①号主矿体为例,本文介绍了3Dmine软件在资源量估算中的全过程应用。该过程包括原始数据的整理,统计分析样品,建立主矿体和构造模型,建立矿块模型并进行赋值,进行矿体资源量估值等步骤。本文侧重利用距离幂次反比法对建立的矿块模型进行品位估值,生成金品位分布模型,并完成估值参数合理性验证。这些步骤提供了科学依据,为下一步地质勘探工作和数字化矿山建设提供了支持。

Numerical modeling of failure mechanisms in phyllite mine slopes in Brazil

This paper presents three case studies comprising failure mechanisms in phyllite mine slopes at Quadrilá-tero Ferrífero, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Numerical modeling techniques were used in this study. Failure mechanisms involving discontinuities sub parallel to the main foliation are very common in these mines. Besides, failure through the rock material has also been observed due to the low strength of phyllites in this site. Results of this work permitted to establish unknown geotechnical parameters which have significant influence in failure processes, like the in situ stress field and the discontinuity stiffness.

Circle geometric constraint model for open-pit mine ore-matching and its applications

The circle geometric constraint model(CGCM) was put forward for resolving the open-pit mine ore-matching problems(OMOMP).By adopting the approaches of graph theory,block model of blasted piles was abstracted into a set of nodes and directed edges,which were connected together with other nodes in the range of circle constraints,to describe the mining sequence.Also,the constructing method of CGCM was introduced in detail.The algorithm of CGCM has been realized in the DIMINE system,and applied to a short-term(5d) program calculation for ore-matching of a cement limestone mine in Hebei Province,China.The applications show that CGCM can well describe the mining sequence of ore blocks and its mining geometric constraints in the process of mining blasted piles.This model,which is applicable for resolving OMOMP under complicated geometric constraints with accurate results,provides effective ways to solve the problems of open-pit ore-matching.

Predictors of work injury in underground mines—an application of a logistic regression model

Mine accidents and injuries are complex and generally characterized by several factors starting from personal to technical, and technical to social characteristics.In this study, an attempt has been made to identify the various factors responsible for work related injuries in mines and to estimate the risk of work injury to mine workers.The prediction of work injury in mines was done by a step-by-step multivariate logistic regression modeling with an application to case study mines in India.In total, 18 variables were considered in this study.Most of the variables are not directly quantifiable.Instruments were developed to quantify them through a questionnaire type survey.Underground mine workers were randomly selected for the survey.Responses from 300 participants were used for the analysis.Four variables, age, negative affectivity, job dissatisfaction, and physical hazards, bear significant discriminating power for risk of injury to the workers, comparing between cases and controls in a multivariate situation while controlling all the personal and socio-technical variables.The analysis reveals that negatively affected workers are 2.54 times more prone to injuries than the less negatively affected workers and this factor is a more important risk factor for the case-study mines.Long term planning through identification of the negative individuals, proper counseling regarding the adverse effects of negative behaviors and special training is urgently required.Care should be taken for the aged and experienced workers in terms of their job responsibility and training requirements.Management should provide a friendly atmosphere during work to increase the confidence of the injury prone miners.

A limit equilibrium fracture zone model to investigate seismicity in coal mines

This paper explores possible synergies between techniques used to minimise seismicity in deep South African gold mines and their applicability to control coal bumps. The paper gives a summary of the techniques used in the deep gold mines and a critical appraisal if these are useful in coal mines. The techniques typically include control of mining rate, preconditioning, optimisation of extraction sequences and centralised blasting. Of particular interest to the coal bump problem is an experimental limit equilibrium fracture zone model implemented in a displacement discontinuity code. This was recently developed for the gold mines to enable the interactive analysis of complex tabular mine layout extraction sequences. The model specifically accommodates energy dissipation computations in the developing fracture zone near the edges of these excavations. This allows the released energy to be used as a surrogate measure of ongoing seismic activity and addresses a number of the weaknesses in the traditional usage of this quantity as a criterion for the design of seismically active layouts. This paper investigates the application of the model to a hypothetical coal longwall layout and the specific problem of coal bumps.

Investigation of the role of personal factors on work injury in underground mines using structural equation modeling

Work injuries in mines are complex and generally characterized by several factors starting from personal to technical and technical to social characteristics.In this paper,investigation was made through the application of structural equation modeling to study the nature of relationships between the influencing/associating personal factors and work injury and their sequential relationships leading towards work injury occurrences in underground coal mines.Six variables namely,rebelliousness,negative affectivity,job boredom,job dissatisfaction and work injury were considered in this study.Instruments were developed to quantify them through a questionnaire survey.Underground mine workers were randomly selected for the survey.Responses from 300 participants were used for the analysis.The structural model of LISREL was used to estimate the interrelationships amongst the variables.The case study results show that negative affectivity and job boredom induce more job dissatisfaction to the workers whereas risk taking attitude of the individual is positively influenced by job dissatisfaction as well as by rebelliousness characteristics of the individual.Finally,risk taking and job dissatisfaction are having positive significant direct relationship with work injury.The findings of this study clearly reveal that rebelliousness,negative affectivity and job boredom are the three key personal factors influencing work related injuries in mines that need to be addressed properly through effective safety programs.

Analysis of gateroad stability at two longwall mines based on field monitoring results and numerical model analysis

Coal mine longwall gateroads are subject to changing loading conditions induced by the advancing longwall face. The ground response and support requirements are closely related to the magnitude and orientation of the stress changes, as well as the local geology. This paper presents the monitoring results of gateroad response and support performance at two longwall mines at a 180-m and 600-m depth of cover.At the first mine, a three-entry gateroad layout was used. The second mine used a four-entry, yieldabutment-yield gateroad pillar system. Local ground deformation and support response were monitored at both sites. The monitoring period started during the development stage and continued during first panel retreat and up to second panel retreat. The two data sets were used to compare the response of the entries in two very different geotechnical settings and different gateroad layouts. The monitoring results were used to validate numerical models that simulate the loading conditions and entry response for these widely differing conditions. The validated models were used to compare the load path and ground response at the two mines. This paper demonstrates the potential for numerical models to assist mine engineers in optimizing longwall layouts and gateroad support systems.

Integrating artificial neural networks and geostatistics for optimum 3D geological block modeling in mineral reserve estimation:A case study

In this research,a method called ANNMG is presented to integrate Artificial Neural Networks and Geostatistics for optimum mineral reserve evaluation.The word ANNMG simply means Artificial Neural Network Model integrated with Geostatiscs.In this procedure,the Artificial Neural Network was trained,tested and validated using assay values obtained from exploratory drillholes.Next,the validated model was used to generalize mineral grades at known and unknown sampled locations inside the drilling region respectively.Finally,the reproduced and generalized assay values were combined and fed to geostatistics in order to develop a geological 3D block model.The regression analysis revealed that the predicted sample grades were in close proximity to the actual sample grades.The generalized grades from the ANNMG show that this process could be used to complement exploration activities thereby reducing drilling requirement.It could also be an effective mineral reserve evaluation method that could produce optimum block model for mine design.

3-D discontinuum numerical modeling of subsidence incorporating ore extraction and backfilling operations in an underground iron mine in China

An underground iron mine in China has been used as a case-study to research the subsidence due to ore extraction and backfilling during open stoping operations. A 3-D discontinuum numerical model was built incorporating geologic complexities including faults and interfaces between different lithologies,and the stoping and backfilling sequence adopted from the mine plans. The stoping was carried out in two vertically stacked horizontal layers, with a total of 16 stopes. Large displacements of up to 50 cm were observed along the roof of the stopes, and a maximum surface subsidence of 22.5 cm was observed.Backfilling was found to eliminate subsequent displacements and subsidence. The extraction of the upper orebody was found to influence displacements in the lower orebody. Finally, a subsidence profile was constructed to show the subsidence at all locations along the length of the surface and region of influence on the surface.

APPLICATION OF UBIQUITOUS JOINT MODEL IN NUMERICAL MODELING OF HILLTOP MINES IN JAPAN

Numerical modeling of three cases(Fuka Mine,Okayama;Shouda Mine,Okayama;Tokiwa Mine,Fukushima)of mining in Japan using FLAC(fast Lagrangian analysis of continua)is introduced to evaluate the stability of hilltop excavation.Ubiquitous joint model is adopted to account for the presence of weak planes,such as weathering joints,bedding planes,in FLAC Mohr-Coulomb mode.By studying the distribution of stress,displacement and safety factor,the stability of excavation can be evaluated and new suggestions based on the numerical modeling process can be presented.Further consideration and methodology of the numerical modeling method are also discussed.

3D visualization model and key techniques for digital mine

Digital mine is the inevitable outcome of the information processing, and is also a complicated system engineering. Firstly, for the 3D visualization application of the digital mine, the ground and underground integrative visualization framework model was proposed based on the mine entity database. So, the visualization problem was availably resolved, as well as the professional analytical ability was improved. Secondly, aiming at the irregularities, non-uniformity, dynamics of mine entities, mix modeling method based on the entity character was put forward, in which 3D expression of mine entities was realized. Lastly, the 3D visualization project for a copper mine was experimentally studied. Satisfactory results were acquired, and the rationality of visualization model and feasibility of 3D modeling were validated.

Comparison of closure measurements with finite element model results in an underground coal mine in central Utah

Quantitative analysis of mine-wide subsidence at the kilometer scale and details of stress distribution about an advancing longwall face are estimated using an adaptation of the finite element method. The method is well suited to the tasks at hand. For greater realism, variability of strata properties is taken into account as are the effects of joints and cleats on elastic moduli and strengths. Evolution of pillar stress and entry closure remote from the face is readily quantified in a series of analyses that simulate face advance. Computed results compare favorably with the evolution of closure measurements about an instrumented pillar in a two-entry headgate. The appropriateness of the finite element method is confirmed. This method is based on first principles that avoid empirical schemes of uncertain applicability and numerical models ‘‘calibrated" by fitting computer output to mine measurements.

A General Channel Model for Visible Light Communications in Underground Mines

In underground mines, visible light communication(VLC) system is a promising method to realize effective communication,which supports communication and illumination at the same time. Therefore, adequate research of underlying physical propagation phenomenon should be carried out to realize VLC system in underground mines. To design VLC system and evaluate its performance, accurate and efficient channel models, including large-scale fading and scattering characteristics, are needed to be established. However,the characteristics of the underlying VLC channels about fading and scattering have not been sufficiently investigated yet. In this paper, a path loss channel model, based on the recursive model, is proposed precisely. Its path loss exponent is determined by three different trajectories, which is studied in the mining roadway and working face environment. Besides, the shadowing effect for VLC has been modelled by a Bimodal Gaussian distribution in underground mines. Considering the number of transmitters in line-of-sight(Lo S) as well as non-line-of-sight(NLo S) scenarios,our simulation illustrates the fact that, as the curve fitting technique is employed, the path loss displays a linear behavior in log-domain.The path loss expression is derived, it is related to the distance. Finally, root mean square(RMS) delay spread and Mie scattering in underground mines are analyzed.