Mechanism and monitoring and early warning technology for rockburst in coal mines

On the basis of the massive amount of published literature and the long-term practice of our research group in the field of prevention and control of rockburst,the research progress and shortcomings in understanding the rockburst phenomenon have been comprehensively in-vestigated.This study focuses on the occurrence mechanism and monitoring and early warning technology for rockburst in coal mines.Results showed that the prevention and control of rockburst had made significant progress.However,with the increasing mining depth,several unre-solved concerns remain challenging.From the in-depth research and analysis,it can be inferred that rockburst disasters involve three main problems,i.e.,the induction factors are complicated,the mechanism is still unclear,and the accuracy of the monitoring equipment and multi-source stereo monitoring technology is insufficient.The monitoring and warning standards of rockburst need to be further clarified and im-proved.Combined with the Internet of Things,cloud computing,and big data,a study of the trend of rockburst needs to be conducted.Further-more,the mechanism of multiphase and multi-field coupling induced by rockburst on a large scale needs to be explored.A multisystem and multiparameter integrated monitoring and early warning system and remote monitoring cloud platform for rockburst should be explored and developed.High-reliability sensing technology and equipment and perfect monitoring and early warning standards are considered to be the de-velopment direction of rockburst in the future.This research will help experts and technicians adopt effective measures for controlling rock-burst disasters.

Risk monitoring and early-warning technology of coal mine production

This article was written according to the secudty information theory and the secudty cybernetics basic principle, for reducing the accident risk effectively and safeguarding the production safety in coal mine. First, each kind of risk characteristic has carried on the earnest analysis to the coal-mining production process. Then it proposed entire wrap technology system of the risk management and the risk monitoring early warning in the coal-mining production process, and developed the application software-coal mine risk monitoring and the early warning system which runs on the local area network. The coal-mining production risk monitoring and early warning technology system includes risk information gathering, risk identification and management, risk information transmission; saving and analysis, early warning prompt of accident risk, safety dynamic monitoring, and safety control countermeasure and so on. The article specifies implementation method and step of this technology system, and introduces application situations in cooperating mine enterprise, e.g. Xiezhuang coal mine. It may supply the risk management and the accident prevention work of each kind of mine reference.

Research on Monitoring and Early-warning Standards of Ancient and Famous Trees Protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden

Based on the current situation and symptoms of the trees' growth in the Humble Administrator's Garden,this paper put forward corresponding monitoring and early-warning standards and technical measures of the ancient and famous trees protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden specifically.The aim of doing this is to establish a scientific basis for the protection of the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden by setting up systematic fundamental data,dynamic protection standard grades and technique measures of protecting the trees.The main symptom of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden is the erosion and decay of the tree trunks.Fifteen tree trunks need technical protection,which holds 65.22% of the total sum of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden.Therefore,much more emphasis should be paid in strengthening technical protection procedures of monitoring and early warning of the tree trunks in the future protection of the ancient and famous trees in the garden.Besides,the rejuvenation technique of rooting zone and rooting system,tree pruning technique as well as tree supporting measures according to the specific condition and symptom of the trees should be concerned with in order to protect the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden in a more scientific and effective way.

Design and Construction of Automatic Monitoring System for Open-pit Coal Mine Slopes

[Objectives]To monitor the stability of open-pit coal mine slopes in real time and ensure the safety of coal mine production.[Methods]The automatic monitoring system of coal mine slope was explored in depth,and the core functions of the system were designed comprehensively.According to the design function of the automatic monitoring system,the slope automatic monitoring system was constructed.Besides,in accordance with the actual situation of the slope,the monitoring frequency of slopes was set scientifically,and the key indicators such as rainfall,deep displacement and surface displacement of the slopes were monitored in an all-round and multi-angle way.[Results]During the monitoring period,the overall condition of the slope remained good,and no landslides or other geological disasters occurred.At the same time,the overall rainfall in the slope area remained low.In terms of monitoring data,the horizontal displacement and settlement of the slopes increased first and then tended to be stable.Specifically,the maximum horizontal displacement during the monitoring period was 22.74 mm,while the maximum settlement was 18.65 mm.[Conclusions]The automatic slope monitoring system has obtained remarkable achievements in practical application.It not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of slope stability monitoring,but also provides valuable reference experience for similar projects.

Disaster reduction stick equipment: A method for monitoring and early warning of pipeline-landslide hazards

Oil and gas pipelines are of great importance in China,and pipeline security problems pose a serious threat to society and the environment.Pipeline safety has therefore become an integral part of the entire national economy.Landslides are the most harmful type of pipeline accident,and have directed increasing public attention to safety issues.Although some useful results have been obtained in the investigation and prevention of pipeline-landslide hazards,there remains a need for effective monitoring and early warning methods,especially when the complexity of pipeline-landslides is considered.Because oil and gas pipeline-landslides typically occur in the superficial soil layers,monitoring instruments must be easy to install and must cause minimal disturbance to the surrounding soil and pipeline.To address the particular characteristics of pipelinelandslides,we developed a multi-parameter integrated monitoring system called disaster reduction stick equipment.In this paper,we detail this monitoring and early warning system for pipeline-landslide hazards based on an on-site monitoring network and early warning algorithms.The functionality of our system was verified by its successful application to the Chongqing Loujiazhuang pipeline-landslide in China.The results presented here provide guidelines for the monitoring,early warning,and prevention of pipeline geological hazards.

Early faults prediction of running state of electromechanical systems and reconfigurable integration of series safety monitoring systems

Fault prediction technology of running state of electromechanical systems is one of the key technologies that ensure safe and reliable operation of electromechanical equipment in health state. For multiple types of modern, high-end and key electromechanical equipment, this paper will describe the early faults prediction method for multi-type electromechanical systems, which is favorable for predicting early faults of complex electromechanical systems in non-stationary, nonlinear, variable working conditions and long-time running state; the paper shall introduce the reconfigurable integration technology of series safety monitoring systems based on which the integrated development platform of series safety monitoring systems is built. This platform can adapt to integrated R&D of series safety monitoring systems characterized by high technology, multiple species and low volume. With the help of this platform, series safety monitoring systems were developed, and the Remote Network Security Monitoring Center for Facility Groups was built. Experimental research and engineering applications show that: this new fault prediction method has realized the development trend features extraction of typical electromechanical systems, multi-information fusion, intelligent information decision-making and so on, improving the processing accuracy, relevance and applicability of information; new reconfigurable integration technologies have improved the integration level and R&D efficiency of series safety monitoring systems as well as expanded the scope of application; the series safety monitoring systems developed based on reconfigurable integration platform has already played an important role in many aspects including ensuring safety operation of equipment, stabilizing product quality, optimizing running state, saving energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, improving working conditions, carrying out scientific maintenance, advancing equipment utilization, saving maintenance charge and enhancing the level of information management.

Research and application of real-time monitoring and early warning thresholds for multi-temporal agricultural products information

Monitoring and early warning is an important means to effectively prevent risks in agricultural production,consumption and price.In particular,with the change of modes of national administration against the background of big data,improving the capacity to monitor agricultural products is of great significance for macroeconomic decision-making.Agricultural product information early warning thresholds are the core of agricultural product monitoring and early warning.How to appropriately determine the early warning thresholds of multi-temporal agricultural product information is a key question to realize real-time and dynamic monitoring and early warning.Based on the theory of abnormal fluctuation of agricultural product information and the research of substantive impact on the society,this paper comprehensively discussed the methods to determine the thresholds of agricultural product information fluctuation in different time dimensions.Based on the data of the National Bureau of Statistics of China(NBSC)and survey data,this paper used a variety of statistical methods to determine the early warning thresholds of the production,consumption and prices of agricultural products.Combined with Delphi expert judgment correction method,it finally determined the early warning thresholds of agricultural product information in multiple time,and carried out early warning analysis on the fluctuation of agricultural product monitoring information in 2018.The results show that:(1)the daily,weekly and monthly monitoring and early warning thresholds of agricultural products play an important early warning role in monitoring abnormal fluctuations with agricultural products;(2)the multitemporal monitoring and early warning thresholds of agricultural product information identified by the research institute can provide effective early warning on current abnormal fluctuation of agricultural product information,provide a benchmarking standard for China's agricultural production,consumption and price monitoring and early warning at the national macro level,and further improve the application of China's agricultural product monitoring and early warning.

China agricultural outlook for 2015–2024 based on China Agricultural Monitoring and Early-warning System(CAMES)

The primary goal of Chinese agricultural development is to guarantee national food security and supply of major agricultural products. Hence, the scientiifc work on agricultural monitoring and early warning as wel as agricultural outlook must be strengthened. In this study, we develop the China Agricultural Monitoring and Early-warning System (CAMES) on the basis of a comparative study of domestic and international agricultural outlook models. The system is a dynamic and multi-market partial equilibrium model that integrates biological mechanisms with economic mechanisms. This system, which includes 11 categories of 953 kinds of agricultural products, could dynamical y project agricultural market supply and demand, assess food security, and conduct scenario analysis at different spatial levels, time scale levels, and macro-micro levels. Based on the CAMES, the production, consumption, and trade of the major agricultural products in China over the next decade are projected. The fol owing conclusions are drawn:i) The production of major agricultural products wil continue to grow steadily, mainly because of the increase in yield. i ) The growth of agricultural consumption wil be slightly higher than that of agricultural production. Meanwhile, a high self-sufifciency rate is expected for cereals such as rice, wheat, and maize, with the rate being stable at around 97%. i i) Agricultural trade wil continue to thrive. The growth of soybean and milk im-ports wil slow down, but the growth of traditional agricultural exports such as vegetables and fruits is expected to continue.

Development and Application of Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning Platform for Characteristic Agriculture in Huzhou City Based on GIS

Based on the needs of characteristic agricultural production for meteorological services in Huzhou City,we use C# programming language to develop the meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning platform for characteristic agriculture in Huzhou City. This platform integrates the functions of meteorological and agricultural information monitoring,disaster identification and early warning,fine weather forecast product display,and data query and management,which effectively enhances the capacity of meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning for characteristic agriculture in Huzhou City,and provides strong technical support for the meteorological and agricultural departments in the agricultural meteorological services.

Design of Integrated Monitoring and Early Warning System of Urban Rail Transit Train Running State

The monitoring and warning of urban rail transit is the core of operation management, and the breadth and depth of the monitoring range directly affect the quality of urban rail transit operation. For the current domestic monitoring system, most of the critical equipments and technologies are introduced from abroad;it is diseconomy, and also causes hidden danger. Realizing the localization of monitoring and early warning system is imperative. Based on the analysis of the present situation of urban rail transit operation safety at home and abroad, the paper proposes to use integrated technology to design basic framework of monitoring and warning system of urban rail train, and puts forward the critical technologies to realize the system. Compared with the existing monitoring system, the integrated monitoring system has the characteristics of wide monitoring range, clear division of labor, centralized management, coordination and integration operation and intelligent management, and embodies the concept of people-oriented. It has scientific significance for future construction of domestic Integrated Monitoring and Early Warning System (IMEWS) of urban rail transit.

The Project Monitoring and Early Warning System of Mould and Die

The article simply describes the difficulties of the Mould and Die project control,and then put forward the thoughts of developing the Monitoring and Early Warning System for the Mould and Die manufacturing.Afterwards,the main three constructing principles and the goals of the system are explained carefully.Based on those,the theory and the classifications of the Monitoring and Early Warning are expounded.With the assistance of the use case diagram of UML(the United Modeling Language),the main functions of the system are analyzed;and with the activity diagram of the UML,the work flows of the monitoring and early warning are expressed clearly.Finally,the classes and the architectures of the system are designed by making use of the class diagram of UML.

A single dual-mode gas sensor for early safety warning of Li-ion batteries:Micro-scale Li dendrite and electrolyte leakage

Li dendrites and electrolyte leakage are common causes of Li-ion battery failure.H_(2),generated by Li dendrites,and electrolyte vapors have been regarded as gas markers of the early safety warning of Li-ion batteries.SnO_(2)-based gas sensors,widely used for a variety of applications,are promising for the early safety detection of Li-ion batteries,which are necessary and urgently required for the development of Li-ion battery systems.However,the traditional SnO_(2)sensor,with a single signal,cannot demonstrate intelligent multi-gas recognition.Here,a single dual-mode(direct and alternating current modes)SnO_(2)sensor demonstrates clear discrimination of electrolyte vapors and H_(2),released in different states of Li-ion batteries,together with principal component analysis(PCA)analysis.This work provides insight into the intelligent technology of single gas sensors.

Study on Quality and Safety Trust Early Warning of Dairy Products Based on Statistical Process Control

In order to solve such problems as lack of dynamic evaluation system in evaluation of quality and safety trust of dairy products,and weak awareness of prevention,it is necessary to introduce the statistical process control into the quality and safety trust evaluation system of dairy products,and establish quality and safety trust early warning model for dairy products,so as to determine the control limit of control chart and carry out early warning according to eight criteria. According to the empirical results,the statistical process control is helpful for finding the hidden process risks and providing the necessary basis for enterprises taking positive measures to raise the confidence of consumers.

Research on Monitoring and Earlywarning System of Marine Organisms for the Intake of Nuclear PowerPlants

An monitoring and earlywarning system is proposed for marine organisms and the cause of water intake blockage is analyzed. Based onthe intelligent sensing technology, computer software and hardware technology and digital signal processing technology, the buoy monitoring platformsystem is developed by internet of things technology, cloud computing and the application of large data. Remote realtime monitoring of aquatic organisms and foreign bodies is realized based on underwater acoustic detection and low light imaging technology. Data processing center is established to store, analyze and process monitoring information and display it in real time, and provide emergency decision support. Through development and test of relevant key equipments, the reliability of cold source system of nuclear power plants is improved, which effectively reduces theinfluence of marine biological invasion on security and economic operation of the units.

Design and Availability Research of a Flammable and Explosive Volatiles Monitoring and Early Warning System (FEVMEW) for the Bus Crowded Places

In order to reduce the arson or accidental fire losses, we developed a gas sensitive detector used for the rapid detection and early warning of flammables in crowded places such as buses. A MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) based thin film semiconductor was fabricated as the gas sensor. To obtain the target gas selective response, the surface of the sensitive film was modified with highly active metal catalytic nano-particles. Thus the anti-interference ability was improved and the false alarm rate was effectively reduced. Furthermore, the modular embedded system for information acquisition and transmission was developed. Supported by the Airflow Precision control system (APs), the rapid warning of volatile gas of flammable substances was realized. Experiments showed that RAs has satisfied selectivity to volatiles of usual flammable liquid, such as the output voltage reaches 3 V (0 - 3.3 V). With simulation about the actual installation state in bus, MWs sounds an alarm at 2 minutes after splashing 50 mL 92# petrol to the floor. For the last two years, FEVMEW has been integrated into more than 4000 buses in Hefei. This design has been proved feasible according to the actual operation.

Global Challenges and Solutions in the Early Warning,Monitoring and Toxicity Assessment of Biotoxins in the Food and Feed Chain

There is a massive and urgent need to ensure safety and security of the food supply of the world´s growing population.However,global agriculture and food industries continue to be vulnerable to problems of contamination with biotoxins produced by plants,algae and particularly by fungi;with global warming and extreme weather events making the occurrence of these toxic metabolites even more unpredictable.In this paper we summarize the multidisciplinary,multi-sectoral complementary competencies needed to innovate in various scientific fields and approaches,so strongly needed to develop improved early warning,monitoring and toxicity assessment of biotoxins in the food and feed chain.These include big data approaches using satellite and drone images,portable monitoring devices and(combined)toxicity testing of(emerging)biotoxins using proteomics and transcriptomics.

Developments and prospects of microseismic monitoring technology in underground metal mines in China

Microseismic monitoring technology has become an important technique to assess stability of rock mass in metal mines.Due to the special characteristics of underground metal mines in China,including the high tectonic stress,irregular shape and existence of ore body,and complex mining methods,the application of microseismic technology is more diverse in China compared to other countries,and is more challenging than in other underground structures such as tunnels,hydropower stations and coal mines.Apart from assessing rock mass stability and ground pressure hazards induced by mining process,blasting,water inrush and large scale goaf,microseismic technology is also used to monitor illegal mining,and track personnel location during rescue work.Moreover,microseismic data have been used to optimize mining parameters in some metal mines.The technology is increasingly used to investigate cracking mechanism in the design of rock mass supports.In this paper,the application,research development and related achievements of microseismic technology in underground metal mines in China are summarized.By considering underground mines from the perspective of informatization,automation and intelligentization,future studies should focus on intelligent microseismic data processing method,e.g.,signal identification of microseismic and precise location algorithm,and on the research and development of microseismic equipment.In addition,integrated monitoring and collaborative analysis for rock mass response caused by mining disturbance will have good prospects for future development.

Energy evolution and structural health monitoring of coal under different failure modes:An experimental study

Structural instability in underground engineering,especially in coal-rock structures,poses significant safety risks.Thus,the development of an accurate monitoring method for the health of coal-rock bodies is crucial.The focus of this work is on understanding energy evolution patterns in coal-rock bodies under complex conditions by using shear,splitting,and uniaxial compression tests.We examine the changes in energy parameters during various loading stages and the effects of various failure modes,resulting in an innovative energy dissipation-based health evaluation technique for coal.Key results show that coal bodies go through transitions between strain hardening and softening mechanisms during loading,indicated by fluctuations in elastic energy and dissipation energy density.For tensile failure,the energy profile of coal shows a pattern of “high dissipation and low accumulation” before peak stress.On the other hand,shear failure is described by “high accumulation and low dissipation” in energy trends.Different failure modes correlate with an accelerated increase in the dissipation energy before destabilization,and a significant positive correlation is present between the energy dissipation rate and the stress state of the coal samples.A novel mathematical and statistical approach is developed,establishing a dissipation energy anomaly index,W,which categorizes the structural health of coal into different danger levels.This method provides a quantitative standard for early warning systems and is adaptable for monitoring structural health in complex underground engineering environments,contributing to the development of structural health monitoring technology.

Coal mine safety production forewarning based on improved BP neural network

Firstly, the early warning index system of coal mine safety production was given from four aspects as per- sonnel, environment, equipment and management. Then, improvement measures which are additional momentum method, adaptive learning rate, particle swarm optimization algorithm, variable weight method and asynchronous learning factor, are used to optimize BP neural network models. Further, the models are applied to a comparative study on coal mine safety warning instance. Results show that the identification precision of MPSO-BP network model is higher than GBP and PSO-BP model, and MPSO- BP model can not only effectively reduce the possibility of the network falling into a local minimum point, but also has fast convergence and high precision, which will provide the scientific basis for the forewarnin~ management of coal mine safetv production.

Mechanism,prevention,and control of mining-induced dynamic disasters in underground metal mines in China:Challenges and solutions

Metal mineral resources play an indispensable role in the development of the national economy.Dynamic disasters in underground metal mines seriously threaten mining safety,which are major scientific and technological problems to be solved urgently.In this article,the occurrence status and grand challenges of some typical dynamic disasters involving roof falling,spalling,collapse,large deformation,rockburst,surface subsidence,and water inrush in metal mines in China are systematically presented,the characteristics of mining-induced dynamic disasters are analyzed,the examples of dynamic disasters occurring in some metal mines in China are summarized,the occurrence mechanism,monitoring and early warning methods,and prevention and control techniques of these disasters are highlighted,and some new opinions,suggestions,and solutions are proposed simultaneously.Moreover,some shortcomings in current disaster research are pointed out,and the direction of efforts to improve the prevention and control level of dynamic disasters in China’s metal mines in the future is prospected.The integration of forward-looking key innovative theories and technologies in the abovementioned aspects will greatly enhance the cognitive level of disaster prevention and mitigation in China’s metal mining industry and achieve a significant shift from passive disaster relief to active disaster prevention.