Study of Spatial Characteristics of Streets and Alleys in Traditional Villages:Taking Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area as an Example

Taking the traditional residential street space in Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area as an example,the factors influencing the formation and development of lane space and the distribution characteristics of lanes were analyzed in this paper.Subsequently,an analysis was conducted on the scale and proportion of street and lane space enclosed in the settlement,the experiential aspects of street and lane space,as well as the node space.Lastly,a systematic summary of the street space characteristics in the settlements of Pingtan Island and Dongxiang Island is presented.

Agricultural intensity for sustainable regional development:A case study in peri-urban areas of Karawang Regency,Indonesia

Peri-urban areas are playing an increasingly crucial role in the agricultural development and intensification in Indonesia.Peri-urban agriculture is highly vulnerable to change compared with urban and rural agriculture,due to its location in transitional areas.Indicators of peri-urban agricultural intensity can help guide regional development.In this study,we assessed the sustainability of peri-urban areas based on agricultural intensity in Karawang Regency,Indonesia.We developed a village-based index to assess the region’s agricultural intensity by rescaling the village agriculture index(VAI)and combining the local sustainability index(LSI)with factor analysis.Since the unit of analysis is the village,we modified the LSI to the village sustainability index(VSI).In addition,we also developed a logical matrix analysis to determine the level of agricultural sustainability(LoAS)of each village.The combined results of the three indices(VAI,VSI,and LoAS)generated information about agricultural sustainability.The results indicated that peri-urban villages with high agricultural intensity tended to exhibit low levels of social welfare,economic development,and disaster risk.Moreover,high agricultural intensity did not necessarily ensure the prosperity of the people.Instead,there was the economic disparity among the villages in the study area.Encouraging diversity of agricultural intensity seems to be more critical than promoting agricultural intensity itself.Overall,this study highlights the distinctive characteristics and dynamic of peri-urban areas.New approaches,variables,and information regarding the combination of agricultural intensity and sustainability need to be developed as valuable tools for regional planning.

Instability identification on large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine based on the improved FRBFNN

To identify the instability on large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine effectively,the parameters of radial basis function were determined through clustering method and the improved fuzzy radial basis function neural network(FRBFNN)model of instability identification model about large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine was built.The improved FRBFNN model was trained and tested.The results show that the improved FRBFNN model has high training accuracy and generalization ability.Parameters such as pillar area ratio,filling level and the value of rock quality designation have strong influence on instability of large scale underground mined-out area.Correctness of analysis about the improved FRBFNN model was proved by the practical application results about instability discrimination of surrounding rock in large-scale underground mined-out area of a metal mine in south China.

Quantitative analysis of biotechnical reinforcement for a steep slope consisting of composite coal-gangue-soil medium adjacent to a mined-out area

The engineering and geological characteristics of a steep slope consisting of coal gangue, rock and soil medium in Huating coal mine have been comprehensively investigated. Owing to humid weather, heavy rainfall, vegetation and porous characteristics of the soil and rock mass, the steep slope will be destabilized and induce mud-rock flow or derive hazard easily. Firstly, based on the classical slope reinforcement theory, some regularity between the shear and displacement in the destabilized zone of the slope with or without root strength contribution is presented. Then, based on the experimental and statistical analysis of root strength, hydrological characteristics and stability status, etc., some possible biotechnical techniques for reinforcement of the steep slope have been suggested. These methods are important for quantitative analysis of destabilization of the slope and design of the biotechnical reinforcement.

Time function of surface subsidence based on Harris model in mined-out area

The surface subsidence is a common environmental hazard in mined-out area. Based on careful analysis of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area, we proposed a new time function based on Harris curve model in consideration of the shortage of current surface subsidence time functions. By analyzing the characteristics of the new time function, we found that it could meet the dynamic process, the velocity change process and the acceleration change process during surface subsidence. Then its rationality had been verified through project cases. The results show that the proposed time function model can give a good reflection of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area and can accurately predict surface subsidence. And the prediction data of the model are a little greater than measured data on condition of proper measured data quantity, which is safety in the engineering. This model provides a new method for the analysis of surface subsidence in mined-out area and reference for future prediction, and it is valuable to engineering application.

Satisfaction of Village Doctors with the Township and Village Health Services Integration Policy in the Western Minority-inhabited Areas of China

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management（TVHSIM） is an essential form of China＇s two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level. Its main purpose, also one of the target goals in China＇s new healthcare reform, is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources. This study aims to assess the village doctors＇ satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed. Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors＇ personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales. Village doctors with different years of practice, social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels（all P〈0.05）. Age（P〈0.05） and years of practice（P〈0.01） were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management. Essential medical knowledge level（P〈0.05） was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well. However, social insurance status（P〈0.05） was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management. Gender, age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors＇ satisfaction with TVHSIM（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China, a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed. In addition, the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced. Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

Layout Optimization of Riverside Residential Area Based on Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of Nanhua Village, Shenzhen

Based on the previous researches on building layout with thermal comfort, this paper Stud Shenzhen Nanhua Village to explore the way of using building layout to change thermal environment of riverfront residential areas. The results showed that a more comfortable outdoor thermal environment could be obtained by applying proper building layouts favorable for the thermal comfort of the Nanhua Village. It proves again that efficient and feasible building layout, which is suitable for a river microclimate, is important in improving thermal comfort of a riverside residential area. The study also provides a good example for the future architectural designs of a riverside residential area for obtaining thermal comfort.

Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages in Coastal Areas of Jiangsu Province

The village is the product of the objectification of human spirit, bearing the human production, life and other behaviors. Traditional villages in coastal area are the important carrier of sea salt culture, reflect a unique human landscape, form the unique structure characteristics and become China’s rural society’s important component. But in recent years, due to the urban renewal and the accelerating of the socialism new rural construction and the deterioration of the natural environment, traditional villages in Jiangsu coastal areas relying on the natural and cultural environment are experiencing an unprecedented test. In this paper, according to the investigation of the coastal areas of existing traditional village, after the comparative analysis, some basic spatial structure characteristics were summarized. It is expected to provide a reference for the planning, construction and management of villages.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN-RURAL RELATION IN RAPID URBANIZATION AREAS——Case of Transformation of "Urban Village" in Guangzhou

Many studies have been made concerning the problems, characteristics, formation, transformation measures, etc. of urban village from sociology, urban planning and geography, etc., which have made insightful analysis. However, most of these studies started mainly from the standpoint of the city government, drumming for the landscape-oriented urbanization, namely pulling-down the urban village and constructing the splendid residence or business buildings. The article maintains that the most important thing the city government should do is to pay much attention to the sustainable living of urban villagers, who would lose their main income source, namely, the collective dividend and the family housing rent. The single method of compensation has been proved to be harmful to the villagers’ community, in which some young villagers relying on rent were no longer to do anything but stay at home. On the other hand, considering the floating population has become the main stream of renters in urban villages, the emergence of urban villages was inevitable and would continue to exist in a long time under the socio-economic transition in urban China and globalization. Based on the analysis above, the transformation of urban village should take more concerns on the housing demands of floating population besides compensation for local villagers. Meanwhile, it is necessary to avoid the "landscape-oriented urbanization" without the "peasant-to-citizen" transformation.

How to Quickly Cast off Poverty in Poverty-stricken Mountainous Areas Relying on the "Whole Village Advancement" Model?

We carry out a field survey on the implementation of the"Whole Village Advancement"poverty alleviation model in Lisizhuang Village,Shunping County,Hebei Province.Based on the"Whole Village Advancement"poverty alleviation model,we put forth the following recommendations:(i)Oriented by the market,fostering the function of"blood-refreshing";(ii)Strengthening the new ideas of using projects to attract investment;(iii)Implementing the new strategy of"driven by the able person";(iv)Improving the farmers'quality;(v)Adhering to the diversification of financing channels.

Economic and Financial Structural Adjustment at Village Level: A Case Study of Rural Areas in Guizhou Province

Village-level economy is not only the important foundation for promoting grass-roots agricultural and rural modernization, but also an essential guarantee for sustainable development of small scale economy of rural farmer households. Research on this field will play a significant role in rural economic development of Guizhou Province. Taking the observation data from 1999 to 2009 in 10 fixed observation villages in Guizhou Province, we carried out empirical survey and analysis on land scale and use structure, scale and composition of fixed assets for production, level and composition of operational income, and level and composition of financial revenue and expenditure at village level. Finally, we put forward conclusions and recommendations.

Relationship between Sustainable Land Use and Rural Economic Development:A Case Study of Meining Village,Pingma Town in Guangxi

For a long time,rural economic development has put economic benefits in the first place,ignoring the impact of unreasonable land use on local land resources and ecological environment,which is not conducive to the long-term high-quality development of local economy and sustainable land use.There is an urgent need to study the relationship between sustainable land use and rural economic development in order to achieve the coordinated development of the two.By using the methods of literature research and field investigation,this paper studies Meining Village,Tiandong County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The study found that farmers tend to plant pure eucalyptus forest,single land use structure,short-term rotation planting model and traditional afforestation and land preparation technology are not conducive to sustainable land use in forest areas,and affected by economic and educational factors,farmers livelihood is relatively simple,so the development of rural economy will be restricted.In view of the above problems,this paper puts forward the following solutions:changing the land use model of Meining Village to promote sustainable land use;introducing advanced science and technology and diversified livelihood ways to promote the sustainable development of rural economy;building a virtuous circle of sustainable land use and rural economic development.

The Building of New Countryside in Poverty-stricken Mountainous Area: A case of Hongyan Village,Haizijie Township of Bijie City

The essential drive of building a new countryside lies in scientific and technological innovation. Through expounding the scientific and technological demonstration benefits and roles of new countryside building in poverty-stricken mountainous area,the major problems and hardships of new countryside building in poverty-stricken area are analyzed and the new breakthroughs which should be focused on during the building of a new countryside are put forward. These breakthroughs include transforming the philosophy and approach of rural work; highlighting the construction of rural operation mode and rural socialized service system,and improving the quality of rural labors.

The Protection of Chinese Traditional Villages and Construction of Beautiful Countryside in the Wuling Mountain Area

Chinese traditional villages have the characteristics of both intangible and tangible cultural heritage,and are the largest cultural heritage left by farming civilization in China. Under the synchronous propulsion of new four modernizations and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,the important issues we face are to protect the Chinese traditional villages,inherit the agricultural heritage,and develop the farming culture resources. There are 60 Chinese traditional villages in the Wuling Mountain area. This article introduces the Chinese traditional villages in the area,analyzes its Chinese traditional village protection and beautiful village construction,and puts forward corresponding recommendations.

脱贫民族地区韧性乡村建设:逻辑、测度与进路

基于脱贫民族地区乡村社会所处的战略意境、风险环境和问题情境,以生计韧性、产业韧性、生态韧性、文化韧性、组织韧性五大要素构建韧性乡村评价体系,并运用熵值法、多因素综合评价法对2011—2020年大湘西地区韧性乡村建设水平进行综合测度。研究发现:样本地区韧性乡村建设水平持续提升并呈现阶段性特征,“十三五”时期提升幅度较为显著;各维度韧性贡献力呈不均衡发展趋势且建设水平差异明显,文化韧性、生计韧性和产业韧性是推动韧性乡村建设水平持续提升的主要动力源泉;空间分异特征显著,总体呈现出以“芷江侗族自治县-中方县-溆浦县”一线为分界线且南高北低的空间分布格局。脱贫民族地区应厚植内生性韧性治理理念,构筑高质量韧性乡村要素体系,完善多元化韧性乡村系统功能,打造一体化韧性乡村空间协同机制,促进韧性乡村建设向更高层次、更高水平和更高质量迈进。

东南沿海传统村落人口外流格局及驱动机制的微观研究

该文以浙闽粤三省959个国家级传统村落为样本,综合运用加权核密度估计、克里金插值等方法,在村级尺度多维刻画东南沿海传统村落人口外流的空间格局,利用相关系数和地理探测器定量探测影响因子的作用,进而从地理资本视角分析影响因子的作用机理并构建驱动机制。结果表明:①东南沿海传统村落人口外流的地形分异和山区集聚格局显著,重心位于闽北山区,核心源区位于浙西南山区;②地形条件、人地关系、城村联系和经济收入是影响人口外流率村际差异的显著因子,人均耕地面积与其他因子的协同作用是主导驱动力;③传统村落人口外流是海拔、坡度、地形起伏度等7个显著因子协同作用的结果,是生态资本、区位资本和经济资本的函数。

相对贫困乡村空间分异格局与返贫脆弱性研究——以武陵山片区为例

在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的背景下,科学评价相对贫困乡村空间分异与返贫脆弱性有助于精准施策。本文以武陵山片区为研究样本,运用GIS、地理探测器模型和值灰色关联度方法分析影响该片区相对贫困乡村在县域尺度上的空间分异格局和返贫脆弱性,结果表明:1)相对贫困乡村在空间上整体呈集聚分布,分布格局呈现显著的空间自相关性,两极分化特征明显;2)平均高程和少数民族人口比重是影响该片区相对贫困村空间分布的重要因素,平均高程、少数民族人口比重、老龄化率和第一产业占比的交互作用对相对贫困乡村的空间分布造成显著影响;3)受经济发展和社会保障制约,绝大多数县域返贫脆弱性较高,其多维返贫脆弱性在空间上呈现中心分散、两端聚集的整体格局。因此,实施乡村振兴战略应充分利用该片区自然生态优势,因地制宜发展产业并加强公共服务基础设施建设。

规则下乡何以促进村庄自主性——基于浙东张村的田野调查

增强村庄自主性是实现村庄治理能力现代化的有效途径。通过对浙东张村田野调查,基于规则下乡赋予的自主空间,进一步促进了村庄自主性,服务村庄有效完成了国家治理任务和回应群众诉求。规则下乡促进村庄自主性的形成,具体表现为创新执行上级实质性工作、灵活应对上级形式化工作、精准实施内生实质性工作和简约开展内生形式化工作。规则下乡促进村庄自主性的形成机制主要为:适度组织嵌入激活组织动员,推动村庄主动完成治理任务和回应群众诉求;灵活资源嵌入提升治理能力,赋予村庄有效增强治理能力和营造自主空间;科学考评嵌入推动政策执行,引导村庄科学配置治理资源和调试治理方式。

快速工业化地区土地发展权演化中的村村差异——以佛山市南海区为例

以效率为导向的规划充斥在高速增长时期,各类空间尺度均展现出巨大的发展差异。聚焦于村域尺度的经济与空间差异表征,建立机会公平——结果公平的过程论分析框架,对土地发展权配置——行使过程中村村差异的形成机制进行解构,结果表明:1、制度与市场偏差分别影响土地发展权的配置与行使过程,进而产生机会不公平与结果不公平;2、南海区的村村差异经历市场偏差为主——制度与市场双重偏差——制度偏差为主的形成过程;3、在国土空间规划时代,以南海区为代表的快速工业化地区面临空间层面建设状态锁定,经济层面穷者恒穷、富者恒富的村村差异锁定困局;4、需要建立土地发展权转移与交易的制度响应,推动增值收益共享、保护责任共担,破解村村差异锁定困局,支撑全域空间格局优化。

地震易发区传统村落空间分布特征及灾害韧性评价

在全球气候变化背景下,我国地震易发区的传统村落正面临来自地震、气象和地质等多维灾害的侵扰。选择四川省地震易发区内179个传统村落为研究对象,围绕灾害韧性理论,从宏观、中观和微观3个尺度构建涵盖了社会、文化、环境、生态、建筑和区位6个维度的传统村落灾害韧性评价框架和指标体系,定量评价了研究区传统村落在不同空间分布下的灾害韧性水平。研究区内传统村落主要沿河(沟)谷地带分布,按地形特征,可分为高原山地区和平原丘陵地区传统村落,两者在地理区位、地形起伏度及集聚程度上皆表现出较大的差异;研究区传统村落灾害韧性整体偏低,且空间差异性显著。高原山地区约83.33%的传统村落处于低或较低的灾害韧性等级,仅在文化和建筑2个维度上的韧性水平高于平原丘陵地区,而平原丘陵地区传统村落在社会、环境、生态和区位4个维度上的韧性水平均高于高原山地区。研究构建了一套针对地震灾害易发区的传统村落灾害韧性评价指标体系,以期为提升传统村落综合防灾减灾能力提供参考。