A New Discovery on the Deformation Behavior of Shale Gas Reservoirs Affecting Pore Morphology in the Juhugeng Coal Mining Area of Qinghai Province, Northwest China

Objective The Juhugeng mining area in Qinghai Province of northwest China has attracted wide attention among geologists for it hosts typical coal measure gases.The shale gas reservoirs were reformed by intensive structural movements during geological periods,

Types and Characteristics of the Lower Silurian Shale Gas Reservoirs in and Around the Sichuan Basin

This study analyzed the characteristics and types of the Lower Silurian shale gas reservoirs in and around Sichuan Basin through field observations, slices, Ar-ion-beam milling, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis of 25 black shale outcrops and samples. Two main types of shale gas reservoirs were determined, i.e., fractures and pores. Fractures were classified into five categories, i.e., giant, large, medium, small, and micro, according to the features of the shale gas reservoirs, effect of fracture on gas accumulation, and fracture nature. Pore types include organic matter pores, mineral pores（mineral surface, intraparticle, interparticle, and corrosional pore）, and nanofractures. The various fracture types, fracture scales, pore types, and pore sizes exert different controls over the gas storage and production capacity. Pores serve as a reservoir for gas storage and, the gas storage capacity can be determined using pores; fractures serve as pathways for gas migration, and gas production capacity can be determined using them.

A review and research on comprehensive characterization of microscopic shale gas reservoir space

In this paper,substantial domestic and foreign research results of microscopic shale reservoir space were systemically reviewed,the research history consisting of simple observation and qualitative classification,quantitative research,the combination of qualitative and quantitative research successively as well as the characteristics of each research stage were summarized.In addition,the current problems existing in the characterization methods of shale reservoir space were also analyzed.Furthermore,based on massive actual detection of typical core samples obtained from more than 50 global shale gas wells and relevant practical experience,a comprehensive characterization method of combining qualitative with the semiquantitative characterization was put forward.In detail,the indicators of the qualitative characterization include pore combination type and organic-matter microscopic morphology type,while the core elements of the semi-quantitative characterization include the percentage of the organic-matter area and the plane porosity of the pores of different types.Based on the reference of the naming and classification of rocks,the three-end-member diagram method was used to characterize microscopic shale reservoir space.This is achieved by plotting the three end-member diagram of 3 kinds of first-order critical reservoir spaces,i.e.,organic-matter pores,matrix pores,and micro-fractures,in order to intuitively present the features of the microscopic pore combination.Meanwhile,statistic histograms of organic-matter microscopic morphology type and the plane porosity of different types of pores were adopted to characterize the development degree of second-order pores quantitatively.By this comprehensive characterization method,the importance of both pore combination and the microscopic morphology of organic matter were emphasized,revealing the control of organic-matter microscopic morphology over the organic-matter pores.What is more,high-resolution FE-SEM was adopted to obtain semi-quantitative statistics results.In this way,the features of pore development and pore combination were quantified,not only reflecting the types and storage capacity of the microscopic shale reservoir space,but also presenting the hydrocarbongenerating potential of organic matter in shale.Therefore,the results of this research are capable of providing in-depth microscopic information for the assessment and exploration and development of shale gas resources.

Characteristics of microscopic pore heterogeneity and development model of Wufeng‒Longmaxi Shales in the Pengshui area of south-east Chongqing

Normal-pressure shale gas reservoirs are widely distributed in south-eastern Chongqing and show good potential for resource exploration.This paper reports the organic matter(OM),physical,and pore characteristics,mineral composition,and gas content of representative shale samples from the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Member 1 of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation(Long 1 Member).Microscopic pores within different shale layers of the Long 1 Member were classified,quantitatively evaluated,and their development mechanisms were systematically studied.We found that OM characteristics,mineral composition,and pore type were the main factors affecting the enrichment and preservation of shale gas.The characteristics of the Long 1 Member are mainly controlled by changes in the sedimentary environment.There are evident differences in total organic carbon content and mineral composition vertically,leading to a variable distribution of pores across different layers.Organic matter abundance controls the degree of OM pore development,while clay minerals abundance control the development of clay mineral-related pores.Total organic carbon content generally controls the porosity of the Long 1 Member,but clay minerals also play a role in OM-poor layers.Pore connectivity and permeability are influenced by the development of pores associated with brittle minerals.We propose a microscopic pore development model for the different layers.Combining geochemical data and this pore development model,layers 1‒4 are considered to be excellent shale gas preservation and enrichment reservoirs.Poor preservation conditions in layers 5‒7 result in high levels of shale gas escape.Layers 8‒9 possess a better sealing condition compared with layers 5‒7 and are conducive to the enrichment and preservation of shale gas,and can thus be used as future potential target strata.This research provides a theoretical basis for exploring and evaluating shale gas potential in the studied region or other complex normal-pressure shale blocks.

Quantitative characterization of reservoir space in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale,southern Sichuan,China

Based on the drilling data of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Shale and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale in southern Sichuan Basin,the construction of matrix pores and the development condition of fractures in a marine organic-rich shale are quantitatively evaluated through the establishment of the reservoir petrophysical models and porosity mathematical models.Our studies show that there are four major characteristics of the Longmaxi Shale confirmed by the quantitative characterization:(1)the pore volume of per unit mass is the highest in organic matter,followed in clay minerals,finally in brittle minerals;(2)the porosity of the effective shale reservoir is moderate and equal to that of the Barnett Shale,and the main parts of the shale reservoir spaces are interlayer pores of clay minerals and organic pores;(3)the porosity of the organic-rich shale is closely related to TOC and brittle mineral/clay mineral ratio,and mainly increases with TOC and clay mineral content;(4)fractures are developed in this black shale,and are mainly micro ones and medium-large ones.In the Longmaxi Shale,the fracture density increases from top to bottom,reflecting the characteristics with high brittle mineral content,high Young’s modulus,low Poisson's ratio and high brittleness at its bottom.

Diagenesis of shale and its control on pore structure, a case study from typical marine, transitional and continental shales

Due to discrepancies in pore structure,the productivity of shale gas reservoirs under different diagenesis stages varies greatly.This study discussed the controlling of sedimentation and diagenesis on shale pore structure in typical marine,transitional,and continental shales,respectively.Continental shale samples from the Shuinan Formation,Jiaolai Basin,transitional shale samples from the Taiyuan,Shanxi and Xiashihezi Formations,Ordos Basin,and marine shale samples from the Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin,were collected.Scanning electron microscope with argon ion polishing,high-pressure mercury injection,and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments were conducted to acquire pore structure parameters.And the diagenetic stage of the reservoir was classified according to thermal maturity,organic geochemical parameters,and mineral composition.Our results exhibit that continental,transitional,and marine shales are period A,period B of the middle diagenetic stage,and the late diagenetic stage,respectively.For pore structure,micropore(0–2 nm)and mesopore(2–50 nm)controlled pore volume and specific surface area of transitional and marine shales,and specific surface area of continental shale have similar results,while micropore,mesopore,and macropore(>50 nm)all have a significant proportion of pore volume in continental shale.The pore structure characteristics and controlling factors exhibit a pronounced difference in different diagenesis stages,the compaction and cementation in period A of the middle diagenesis stage is relatively weak,intergranular pore and interlayer pore of clay minerals are well preserved,and moldic pore and dissolved pore developed as well;organic matter is in high maturity in period B of the middle diagenesis stage,organic matter pore developed correspondingly,while the intergranular pore developed poorly affected by compaction,notably,the carbonate is negligible in transitional shale,and the interlayer pore of clay minerals are well preserved with weak cementation;while dissolution and metasomatism controlled the pore structure in the late diagenesis stage in marine shale,the primary pores were poorly preserved,and the organic matter pore and carbonate dissolved pore developed.Results from this work are of a specific reference for shale gas development under different diagenesis stages.

Gas-in-place and its influence factors of the upper Paleozoic coal-bearing shale in the Qinshui Basin, China

Coal-bearing shale shows great potential for unconventional gas resources in China, while its exploration and development have been challenging for a long time. Gas-in-place (GIP) is critical to shale gas evaluation, but the major factors controlling the GIP content of coal-bearing shale remain unclear. To address this issue, the coal-bearing shales of the upper Carboniferous-lower Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi formations in the Zuoquan Block, Qinshui Basin, China, were collected for GIP measurements and an integrated investigation, including organic geochemistry, inorganic mineral compositions, and pore characterizations, was carried out. Our results show that the GIP content of the studied shales displays relatively low values and wide variations, which range from 0.30 to 2.28 m^(3)/t. The GIP is dominated by desorbed gas and residual gas. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents of the studied shales vary from 0.92% to 16.91%, and inorganic minerals are dominated by clays that mainly consist of illite/smectite mixed layer (I/S) and kaolinite. Inorganic pores have been widely observed in the studied shales, while the organic matter-hosted pores are rarely found using SEM observations. Total porosity of the studied shales is primarily contributed by clay minerals, followed by organic matter and quartz. Weak positive relationships between the GIP content and pore structure parameters imply that the adsorption of methane to nanopores is relatively weak, which may be attributed to the hydrophilicity of clay-hosted pores. Moreover, hydrophobic organic pores are not well developed. Positive correlations between the GIP contents and contents of TOC, clays, and the I/S indicate that major factors influencing the GIP contents of the coal-bearing shales are clays (especially I/S) and TOC content. In summary, these findings would be very helpful to reveal the enrichment mechanism of coal-bearing shale gas and provide a scientific basis for the exploration and development of coal-bearing shale gas.

Shale gas reservoirs: Theoretical, practical and research issues

Shale gas reservoirs are found all over the world.Their endowment worldwide is estimated at 10,000 tcf by the GFREE team in the Schulich School of Engineering at the University of Calgary.The shale gas work and production initiated successfully in the Unites States and extended to Canada will have application,with modifications,in several other countries in the future.The‘modifications’qualifier is important as each shale gas reservoir should be considered as a research project by itself to avoid fiascos and major financial losses.Shale gas reservoirs are best represented by at least quadruple porosity models.Some of the production obtained from shale reservoirs is dominated by diffusion flow.The approximate boundary between viscous and diffusion-like flow is estimated with Knudsen number.Viscous flow is present,for example,when the architecture of the rock is dominated by mega pore throat,macro pore throat,meso pore throat and sometimes micro pore throat.Diffusion flow on the other hand is observed at the nano pore throat level.The process speed concept has been used successfully in conventional reservoirs for several decades.However,the concept discussed in this paper for tight gas and shale gas reservoirs,with the support of core data,has been developed only recently,and permits differentiating between viscous and diffusion dominated flow.This is valuable,for example,in those cases where the formation to be developed is composed of alternating stacked layers of tight sands and shales,or where there are lateral variations due to facies changes.An approach to develop the concept of a super-giant shale gas reservoir is presented as well as a description of GFREE,a successful research program for tight formations.The paper closes with examples of detailed original gas-in-place(OGIP)calculations for 3 North American shale gas reservoirs including free gas in natural fractures and the porous network within the organic matter,gas in the non-organic matter,adsorbed gas,and estimates of free gas within fractures created during hydraulic fracturing jobs.The examples show that the amount of free gas in shale reservoirs,as a percent of the total OGIP,is probably larger than considered previously in the literature.

塔里木盆地侏罗系泥页岩储层特征与页岩气成藏地质背景

页岩气作为重要的非常规能源之一，具有巨大的勘探和开发前景。中国塔里木盆地侏罗系泥页岩作为典型的陆相泥页岩，主要发育于沼泽化浅湖、半深湖、河漫沼泽、河漫湖泊以及滨湖沼泽相，有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主，有机碳含量多介于0．5％～3％，镜质体反射率多为0．5％～2％。塔里木盆地侏罗系泥页岩累计厚度20-400m，埋深主要介于2000～8000m，主要分布于库车坳陷、塔西南地区以及塔东北地区。塔里木盆地侏罗系泥页岩矿物组成以石英和黏土矿物为主，黏土矿物以伊利石为主。岩石孔隙度主要介于0．5％～4％，渗透率主要为0．006～0．01mD。晶间孔、溶蚀孔、有机质孔等纳米级孔隙以及微裂隙较发育，常见微裂隙多为1～3μm宽。泥页岩的最大吸附气量介于1～2m3／t，最大吸附气量与总有机碳含量及黏土矿物含量呈良好的正相关关系。塔里木盆地侏罗系泥页岩储集性能较好，其分布及地球化学特征与美国五大含气页岩及四川盆地下古生界页岩相似，具有较大的页岩气勘探潜力和开发前景，库车坳陷和塔西南地区是最为有利的页岩气发育区。

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组页岩孔隙结构特征及其控制因素

以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组富含有机质灰黑色页岩为例,利用低压氮气吸附测试方法,分析了页岩的孔隙形态、比表面积及孔容,并研究了页岩孔隙结构特征影响因素。研究表明:鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组页岩孔隙形态复杂,主要发育狭缝形和墨水瓶状孔;页岩的矿物组成以石英和黏土矿物为主,前者体积分数为17.10%~72.33%,与TOC含量呈明显的负相关性,后者体积分数为12.37%~61.55%;页岩的BET比表面积为0.380~3.030 m^2/g,BJH总孔体积为0.696~6.575 mm^3/g,且中孔孔隙提供了主要的孔容并贡献了主要的比表面积;页岩的孔容和比表面积主要受TOC、黏土矿物及石英等含量的影响,同时也受碳酸盐矿物及长石含量的影响,其与TOC、黏土矿物及长石等的含量呈正相关性,而与石英及碳酸盐矿物的含量呈负相关性;TOC和黏土矿物是延长组页岩微孔孔容和中孔孔容的主要贡献者,而石英是延长组页岩大孔孔容的主要贡献者。

渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷沙河街组富有机质页岩孔隙分类及孔径定量表征

页岩微观孔隙特征分析和孔径定量表征是页岩油气储层评价和开发的关键。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、X-衍射、扫描电镜、氮气吸附等实验手段,分析了渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷富有机质页岩的矿物组成和微观孔隙类型,并对微观孔径进行了定量表征。结果表明:沙河街组页岩具有碳酸盐矿物含量高、粘土矿物含量较低的特征。根据发育位置、成因及产状,将储集空间分为孔隙与裂缝两大类,并制定了孔隙和裂缝的尺度评价标准。孔隙包括矿物基质孔隙和有机质孔隙;裂缝包括构造、层间、超压破裂、成岩和有机质收缩裂缝。氮气吸附等温曲线主要存在3种类型,分别反映了样品中微孔、中孔及宏孔的分布差异。通常氮气吸附实验能更好地表征中孔的发育特征,而扫描电镜所测孔隙更好地表征了宏孔的发育。需要进一步采用二氧化碳吸附、纳米CT及压汞实验定量表征页岩的微孔和宏孔的大小及分布。

水化作用下页岩微观孔隙结构的动态表征——以四川盆地长宁地区龙马溪组页岩为例

为了研究真实压裂环境下水化作用对页岩孔隙结构的影响,选取四川盆地长宁地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩样品,在90℃储层温度下开展了页岩压裂液自吸及水化实验;采用扫描电镜、低温N2吸附、高压压汞、CT扫描等实验手段,对比了水化0 d、5 d、10 d、20 d时页岩样品颗粒形态、孔径、比表面积等孔隙结构参数的宏观演变过程,并且对页岩孔隙结构变化的原因进行了剖析;开展单黏土矿物(蒙脱石、伊利石)水化实验,对比单黏土矿物的水化特征,进而从机理上研究了水化对页岩微观结构的影响。研究结果表明:①黏土矿物水化可以促进页岩层理面间微裂缝的产生,由于水化诱导裂缝尺度较小,分布较为密集,微观上能局部相互连通,从而对页岩储层物性有明显的改善作用;②随水化时间延长,微裂缝由延伸扩展到趋于闭合,孔隙体积先增大后减小,并在水化5 d时达到最大值;③黏土矿物水化膨胀相对于水化应力变化的滞后性是导致页岩微观结构变化的主要原因,并且伊利石的水化膨胀体积小于蒙脱石;④无机阳离子可以抑制黏土矿物水化,K+、Na+、Ca2+的抑制效果依次变差。结论认为,水化作用可以提高页岩储层的渗透率,研究区龙马溪组页岩储层压裂后的合理焖井时间推荐为5 d,而对于蒙脱石含量较高的页岩气储层则可以适当延长焖井时间。

碳酸盐矿物溶蚀对页岩孔隙的改造作用及其意义——以川东地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩为例

碳酸盐矿物与页岩气储层的孔隙结构密切相关,探讨二者之间的定量关系有助于深化对页岩岩石学定量表征与微米/纳米尺度孔隙改造等的认识。为此选取四川盆地东部彭水地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩,开展了稀盐酸—页岩酸岩反应实验;综合利用场发射电镜、微CT以及低压氮气吸附方法,表征溶蚀前后孔隙结构;研究碳酸盐矿物对页岩储层孔隙结构的影响,进而探讨溶蚀孔的地质、工程指示意义。研究结果表明:①常温下酸岩反应120 h,碳酸盐矿物完全溶蚀而其他矿物则无明显变化;②碳酸盐矿物完全溶蚀后,出现大量孔径介于3.9~62.5μm的溶蚀孔,溶蚀孔总体积分数占比为6.8%,与样品酸溶率数值6.9%接近,同时纳米孔的形态、体积、孔径、表面积等参数未发生明显的变化;③碳酸盐矿物完全酸溶后仅产生微米孔,而在纳米尺度未表现出增孔、扩孔现象,表明碳酸盐晶粒处于微米尺度。结论认为,基于微米级溶蚀孔的图像统计参数,可以有效反演碳酸盐矿物的微观分布、形貌、数量、粒径等特征参数,为页岩岩石学定量研究提供了一种新的方法,同时该溶蚀孔协同水力压裂缝网,有助于加速页岩气的产出。

四川盆地东北部下侏罗统自流井组陆相页岩储层孔隙特征及形成控制因素

为查明川东北自流井组陆相富有机质页岩储层孔隙发育特点及形成机理,采用岩石薄片、全岩X-衍射、有机岩石学、高压压汞-吸附联合测定、氩离子抛光-扫描电镜及物性测试等多种技术方法,开展了川东北地区自流井组陆相页岩储层孔隙结构、类型及储集性能研究,并探讨了主要孔隙类型的形成控制因素。研究结果表明:川东涪陵地区东岳庙段和川北元坝地区大安寨段页岩平均孔隙度均大于4%,储集性能较好,页岩孔隙类型主要以无机矿物质孔为主,其次为有机质孔,局部发育微裂缝,无机矿物质孔对孔隙度的贡献最大。页岩粘土矿物含量及压实作用的强弱控制了无机矿物质孔的发育程度,有机质组分类型是控制有机质孔发育与否的关键因素,表现为固体沥青内普遍发育有机质孔,而大多数镜质体内基本不发育有机质孔。川东涪陵地区东岳庙段与大安寨段、川北元坝地区大安寨段无机矿物质孔与有机质孔均有发育,而川北元坝地区东岳庙段仅发育无机矿物质孔,有机质孔基本不发育。

黏土矿物对页岩储集空间及吸附能力的影响

在地层条件下,受多种因素综合作用,黏土矿物对页岩储层特征及吸附能力的作用较为复杂,难以进行客观评价。基于此,结合大量文献调研,通过前人XRD分析、扫描电镜观察、N_2吸附实验、甲烷等温吸附实验等方法,研究黏土矿物特征及其影响因素,以期更客观地评价黏土矿物对页岩储层及吸附能力的贡献。研究认为:黏土矿物具有较大的比表面积,但受多种因素影响,其对甲烷分子的吸附能力主要取决于黏土矿物与有机质的赋存关系;黏土矿物对有机质既有富集作用又有催化生烃作用,富集的有机质可减少黏土矿物表面的吸附位,而有机质生烃产生的有机质孔隙又增加了吸附空间,二者的相互作用及相对含量的匹配关系对页岩储层含气量影响较大;广泛存在的地层水虽然能降低其对甲烷分子的吸附能力,但并不意味着页岩储层含气量一定会低,这主要取决于有机质的发育情况。正确认识黏土矿物的作用可为最优含气量组合分析以及勘探"甜点"选择提供依据。

页岩气储层表征评价技术进展与思考

油气勘探理论与技术的进步使非常规油气勘探开发不断取得新的突破。复杂的微-纳米级孔隙体系与特殊的流体赋存方式是页岩有别于常规储层的显著特征,并对储层表征评价内容、方法与技术手段的针对性、准确性和适用性提出了更高要求。在充分调研国内外页岩气储层表征评价技术的基础上,重点介绍了页岩气储层岩相划分与预测、矿物组分、孔隙结构、可压裂性及多尺度/手段联合方法等储层表征评价技术进展。同时,提出未来发展趋势应聚焦于以下几个方面:①精度与针对性的进一步提高;②多技术、多尺度深度融合;③原地/原位条件储层评价;④储层动态监测评价;⑤大数据油气储层评价。最后,针对中国页岩气地质条件与勘探开发现状,提出未来页岩气储层表征技术与研究发展方向应重点聚焦于以下4个方面:①细粒沉积特征;②储层时空演化特征;③可压裂性评价;④储层评价技术的融合、引进与创新。

页岩气储层粘土矿物孔隙特征及其甲烷吸附作用

粘土矿物是页岩的主要组成矿物,与页岩气的赋存和富集密切相关。粘土矿物因其特殊的晶体结构,在晶层之间、矿物内部以及矿物颗粒之间形成了不同类型的孔隙,这些孔隙的大小、形貌和比表面积决定着粘土矿物的甲烷吸附能力。为此,本文综述了粘土矿物的孔隙结构以及孔隙中的水和有机质对甲烷吸附性的影响,指出不同类型的粘土矿物孔隙发育与形貌特征存在差异,蒙脱石中多发育圆形、狭缝状的微孔且总比表面积最大,导致蒙脱石在所有粘土矿物中的甲烷吸附量最大;伊利石与高岭石中多发育中孔与大孔,吸附甲烷的能力低于蒙脱石。粘土矿物孔隙中的水与有机质显著影响到甲烷的吸附能力,水分子会占据孔隙表面,降低了甲烷的吸附能力,但可溶有机质对粘土矿物甲烷吸附能力的具体影响目前尚不明了。同时,根据页岩气勘探需求指出了本方向某些有待深入探讨的问题。

页岩气在矿物孔隙中的微观吸附机理差异性研究

针对页岩气在不同矿物孔隙中的吸附机理差异性,采用巨正则蒙特卡洛分子模拟方法(GCMC),利用Material Studio软件模拟页岩气体在3种矿物(干酪根、黏土矿物、石英)孔隙模型中的赋存状态,研究页岩气在不同矿物孔隙中的吸附机理。结果表明:不同类型矿物的吸附能力按大小依次为干酪根、黏土矿物、石英;有机质、黏土矿物和碎屑矿物吸附能力产生巨大差异的主要原因是气体在不同矿物表面的吸附位特征(吸附质气体分布密度和吸附强度)显著不同;深入理解页岩气在不同矿物孔隙中的吸附机理差异对客观评价吸附气含量至关重要。该研究可为今后预测不同地区页岩气吸附能力提供理论基础。

黔南坳陷二叠纪玄武质火山活动对含煤泥页岩储层的影响

为了研究火山活动对泥页岩储层的影响,以黔南坳陷二叠纪峨眉山玄武岩对龙潭组泥页岩储层的影响为例,通过总有机碳含量、XRD、镜质体反射率以及低温氮气及二氧化碳吸附等方法,研究了火山活动对含煤泥页岩生烃、矿物成分以及储层孔隙结构等方面的影响。研究表明:火山活动对含煤泥页岩的生烃、矿物组成和孔隙结构存在明显的影响;火山活动显著促进了泥页岩的有机质成熟演化,使其迅速进入到了过成熟阶段(Ro从2.0%增加到2.88%),加快了烃源岩的生排烃效率;随着与岩浆岩距离的减小,石英和碳酸盐矿物含量增加,黏土矿物含量减小,伊利石和绿泥石含量呈现规律变化,指示了泥页岩成岩演化也受到了一定的影响;火山活动带来的热源对泥页岩储层孔隙的形成演化产生了重要的影响,随着距离岩浆岩越近,含煤泥页岩储层中的微孔占比逐渐增高,介孔和宏孔含量呈下降趋势,推测火山活动的热作用促进了有机质孔隙的生成,同时也影响了无机孔隙的发育。

海相页岩储层矿物质孔隙的形貌–成因类型

在南方下古生界海相页岩矿物种类识别和成因判断的基础上,研究矿物质孔隙的成因类型及其对页岩储层物性的影响。以场发射扫描电镜微观形貌观测结果为主要依据,立足于页岩的矿物组成,综合考虑沉积、成岩、地质构造等因素,将南方下古生界海相页岩储层矿物质孔隙的形貌–成因类型划分为3大类:主要孔隙(顺层缝隙、泥粒孔、组分间隙、层间裂隙等),镜下常见,数量多,对页岩储层有一定的影响;其他孔隙(晶间孔、溶蚀孔、气液包体孔、片间缝隙等),镜下少见,局限性大,对页岩储层影响微弱;构造孔隙(构造裂隙、碎粒孔等)是地质构造活动的记录,对页岩储层具有双刃剑的作用。页岩岩性不同,主要孔隙类型不同,不同的孔隙在页岩储层中有不同的作用。