Multi-scale analysis of carbon mineralization in lime-treated soils considering soil mineralogy

Mineral carbonation is emerging as a reliable CO_(2) capture technology that can mitigate climate change.In lime-treated clayey soils,mineral carbonation occurs through the carbonation of free lime and cementitious products derived from pozzolanic reactions.The kinetics of the reactions in lime-treated clayey soils are variable and depend primarily on soil mineralogy.The present study demonstrates the role of soil mineralogy in CO_(2) capture and the subsequent changes caused by carbon mineralization in terms of the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of lime-treated soils during their service life.Three clayey soils(kaolin,bentonite,and silty clay)with different mineralogical characteristics were treated with 4%lime content,and the samples were cured in a controlled environment for 7 d,90 d,180 d,and 365 d.After the specified curing periods,the samples were exposed to CO_(2) in a carbonation cell for 7 d.The non-carbonated samples purged with N2 gas were used as a benchmark to compare the mechanical,chemical-mineralogical,and microstructure changes caused by carbonation reactions.Experimental investigations indicated that exposure to CO_(2) resulted in an average increase of 10%in the UCS of limetreated bentonite,whereas the strength of lime-treated kaolin and silty clay was reduced by an average of 35%.The chemical and microstructural analyses revealed that the precipitated carbonates effectively filled the macropores of the treated bentonite,compared to the inadequate cementation caused by pozzolanic reactions,resulting in strength enhancement.In contrast,strength loss in lime-treated kaolin and silty clay was attributed to the carbonation of cementitious phases and partly to the tensile stress induced by carbonate precipitation.In terms of carbon mineralization prospects,lime-treated kaolin exhibited maximum carbonation due to the higher availability of unreacted lime.The results suggest that,in addition to the increase in compressive strength,adequate calcium-bearing phases and macropores determine the efficiency of carbon mineralization in lime-treated clayey soils.

Depositional Environment and Lithofacies Analyses of Eocene Lacustrine Shale in the Bohai Bay Basin:Insights from Mineralogy and Elemental Geochemistry

The effect of various depositional parameters including paleoclimate,paleosalinity and provenance,on the depositional mechanism of lacustrine shale is very important in reconstructing the depositional environment.The classification of shale lithofacies and the interpretation of shale depositional environment are key features used in shale oil and gas exploration and development activity.The lower 3rd member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation(Es_(3)^(x)shale)was selected for this study,as one of the main prospective intervals for shale oil exploration and development in the intracratonic Bohai Bay Basin.Mineralogically,it is composed of quartz(avg.9.6%),calcite(avg.58.5%),dolomite(avg.7%),pyrite(avg.3.3%)and clay minerals(avg.20%).An advanced methodology(thin-section petrography,total organic carbon and total organic sulfur contents analysis,X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM))was adopted to establish shale lithofacies and to interpret the depositional environment in the lacustrine basin.Six different types of lithofacies were recognized,based on mineral composition,total organic carbon(TOC)content and sedimentary structures.Various inorganic geochemical proxies(Rb/Sr,Ca/(Ca+Fe),Ti/Al,Al/Ca,Al/Ti,Zr/Rb)have been used to interpret and screen variations in depositional environmental parameters during the deposition of the Es_(3)^(x)shale.The experimental results indicate that the environment during the deposition of the Es_(3)^(x)shale was warm and humid with heightened salinities,moderate to limited detrital input,higher paleohydrodynamic settings and strong oxygen deficient(reducing)conditions.A comprehensive depositional model of the lacustrine shale was developed.The interpretations deduced from this research work are expected to not only expand the knowledge of shale lithofacies classification for lacustrine fine-grained rocks,but can also offer a theoretical foundation for lacustrine shale oil exploration and development.

Process mineralogy approach to optimize curing-leaching in vanadiumbearing stone coal processing plants

The purpose of this study is to apply process mineralogy as a practical tool to further understand and analyze the reasons for low leaching rates in the curing-leaching process of vanadium-bearing stone coal and to find a solution or improvement to optimize the leaching index.Using vanadium-bearing stone coal with the V2O5 mass fraction of 0.88%as the research object,the effects of particle size,mineral composition,and sulfuric acid curing on the feed,intermediate,and final products of curing-leaching were analyzed.The main vanadium-bearing minerals in the feed samples included sericite/illite,montmorillonite,kaolinite,limonite,and schreyerite.Through the penetration depth analysis of sulfuric acid,the reason for the high vanadium content in the coarse leaching residue(0.205%V2O5)was found,mainly due to the poor curing effect and incomplete washing after screening.Therefore,thorough washing after sieving and further optimizing the curing process are necessary.The vanadium content of the fine leaching residue(0.078%)was low and the curing-leaching effect was good.However,the vanadium content in the thickened residue(0.296%)exceeded that in the fine leaching residue,which was attributed to the neutralization reaction in the#1 thickener.To solve this problem,the neutralization and thickening processes should be performed in separate equipment.The analysis and detection of key products is helpful for identifying problems and improving the curing-leaching circuit process.

Mineralogy and geochemistry of hydrothermal sulphide from a submarine volcanic high at 18°36.4'S Central Lau Spreading Center, Southwest Pacific

We report the mineralogy and geochemistry of hydrothermal sulphide from the crater of a volcanic high near 18°36.4′S of the Central Lau Spreading Center.During 1990s,that volcanic structure was reported active and sulphide samples were collected by MIR submersible.A section of a chimney-like structure from the crater-floor was studied here.The Fe-depleted sphalerites,and Co-depleted pyrites in that chimney were similar to those commonly found in low to moderate temperature(<300℃)sulphides from sediment-starved hydrothermal systems.Bulk analyses of three parts of that chimney section showed substantial enrichment of Zn(18%–20%)and Fe(14%–27%)but depletion of Cu(0.8%–1.3%).In chondrite-normalized rare earth element-patterns,the significant negative Ce-anomalies(Ce/Ce*=0.27–0.39)and weakly positive Eu-anomalies(Eu/Eu*=1.60–1.68)suggested sulphide mineralisation took place from reduced low-temperature fluid.The depleted concentration of lithophiles in this sulphide indicates restricted contribution of sub-ducting plate in genesis of source fluid as compared to those from other parts of Lau Spreading Centre.Uniform mineralogy and bulk composition of subsamples across the chimney section suggests barely any alteration of fluid composition and/or mode of mineralisation occurred during its growth.

Mineralogy and element geochemistry of the Sohnari rocks of Early Eocene Laki Formation in the Southern Indus Basin,Pakistan:Implications for paleoclimate,paleoweathering and paleoredox conditions

The Sohnari Member of the Early Eocene Laki Formation is massively deposited in the Southern Indus Basin of Pakistan and is considered a potential source rock to generate hydrocarbons.However,the detailed paleoclimatic,paleoweathering,and depositional conditions of the Sohnari Member have not been studied earlier.This research mainly discusses the detailed mineralogical(bulk and clay)and elemental geochemistry of the Laki Formation from two outcrop sections(Jhimpir and Lakhra)in the Southern Indus Basin,Pakistan.The bulk minerals,including quartz(low),hematite,calcite,halite,gypsum,and clay minerals such as kaolinite,chlorite,smectite and illite have been discussed here.These results demonstrate the paleo-environment of studied area was arid with enhanced saline and weak to strong oxidizing depositional conditions.The chemical index of alteration(CIA)values in Jhimpir and Lakhra sections are in the ranges of 41.30-97.93 and 22.30-96.19,respectively,indicating that the Sohnari sediments experienced weak to intense chemical weathering in the source area.The interpretation of the A-CN-K ternary diagram is consistent with the clay mineral contents in the studied sediments,which is characterized by the predominance of kaolinite,gibbsite and chlorite,demonstrating the weak to strong weathering state under warm and humid climatic conditions.The chemical indices such as Sr/Ba,δU,V/Cr,Ni/Co,and Cu/Zn,U/Th and Ba/Ga show that Sohnari rocks of Early Eocene Laki Formation underwent strong evaporation,oxic water column with warm to humid and minor contact of cold climatic conditions.Based on our present data,it can be concluded that the sediments of Sohnari Member of Laki Formation from Jhimpir and Lakhra areas of Southern Indus Basin in Pakistan are related to Indio-Eurasian collision and came from the Indian shield rocks that were deposited in a brackish water body with a minor contact of the freshwater oxidizing paleo-environment depositional conditions.

喜马拉雅东部库曲锂铍花岗质伟晶岩的稀有金属矿物学研究

在喜马拉雅造山带已发现普士拉、热曲、吉隆、洛扎等多个岩体中花岗岩-伟晶岩与锂铍等稀有金属成矿作用相关,并有大规模的锂辉石伟晶岩(含细晶岩)产出。喜马拉雅东部的库曲岩体也发现了锂辉石伟晶岩出露,主要侵入到主体白云母花岗岩中。本次研究对库曲岩体中不同类型的花岗质伟晶岩进行了详细的岩相学、矿物学和年代学的研究。根据不同矿物组合和产出位置,将库曲伟晶岩分为四类:广泛分布的伟晶岩I,主要包含长石-石英-白云母;岩体西部桑玉村出露伟晶岩II(包含钠长石-石英-白云母带和细粒钠长石带)和伟晶岩III(锂辉石-钠长石-石英带);岩体东部出露细晶岩脉。库曲伟晶岩都含不同体积百分比的石榴石和电气石,以及典型的稀有金属矿物如绿柱石、铌铁矿族矿物和少量锡石。独居石和铌铁矿族矿物的U(-Th)-Pb同位素年代学结果显示库曲伟晶岩主要形成于~25Ma,还存在稍晚一期的岩浆活动,细晶岩形成于~14Ma。同时代的伟晶岩I、II和III全岩成分呈现出明显的变化趋势,K_(2)O/Na_(2)O、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta比值、REE总量和Eu/Eu^(*)呈降低趋势,而稀有金属(Li、Be、Nb、Ta、Rb和Cs)含量逐渐增加。矿物的成分变化趋势更明显,从伟晶岩I到III中白云母的K/Rb比值和MgO含量明显降低,电气石向更富集Li、石榴子石和铌铁矿族矿物向更富集Mn(在伟晶岩III中分别接近锰铝榴石和铌/钽锰矿端元组分)、绿柱石向更富集Li-Cs的方向变化。伟晶岩III中锡石含量相对增加,常与锂辉石共生。细晶岩脉的矿物学特征介于伟晶岩I和II之间。综合上述研究显示库曲伟晶岩是花岗质岩浆分异演化的最终产物,矿物是伟晶岩形成过程和分异程度的有效指示剂,库曲的稀有金属成矿作用显示出Be、Be-Nb-Ta(-Sn)、Li-Be-Nb-Ta-Sn(岩体最边缘)矿化的变化趋势。锂辉石是库曲伟晶岩中主要的原生锂矿物,次生的锂辉石和石英后成合晶可能是在富锂流体中形成的,而不是透锂长石降温过程中形成的,这与库曲伟晶岩侵入到白云母花岗岩的产状相符。

条带状铁建造的原始矿物组成:进展与问题

原生矿物信息作为前寒武纪条带状铁建造(BIF)研究的最基本命题,是研究BIF成矿规律及其早期地球环境效应的基础。长期以来,将低级变质且保存部分原始矿物及沉积结构的BIF作为研究对象,进而追踪BIF的原始矿物组成与后期演变过程一直是科学家们关心的关键问题。目前,关于BIF原始矿物组成主要有三种认识:三价铁的氢氧化物、铁硅酸盐(成分类似于铁蛇纹石和黑硬绿泥石)和绿锈。其中,绿锈为含二价和三价铁的过渡态化合物,仅可见于局部缺氧环境。由于绿锈的亚稳态性质,对于其在类似于前寒武纪的富硅海洋条件下转变成何种矿物及相关转变的具体途径仍不清楚。因而,当前关于原始铁质矿物的争议主要存在于三价铁的氢氧化物和铁硅酸盐之间,由此引发的对BIF成矿理论及其对古环境指示意义的理解也存在较大分歧。本文系统回顾和评述了近年来BIF原始矿物组成研究的重要进展;在此基础上,认为三价铁的氢氧化物应是BIF最为主要的原始矿物,其次为铁硅酸盐矿物,二者可能在地质历史时间和空间分布上具有差异性。然而,支持铁硅酸盐原始成因的现有证据主要为经典的岩相学特征,急需更多元素和同位素地球化学等方面的佐证。BIF中现有铁质矿物组合应是原始沉淀物在成岩-变质作用条件下发生转变的产物,相较于成岩早期的菱铁矿,磁铁矿可能形成时间偏晚,究竟是生物-有机质成因抑或是菱铁矿的热化学分解成因亟待深入探讨。在此背景下,同时考虑到华北作为国际上BIF的重要产区,且发育不同变质级别的太古宙末期BIF,可能完整记录了BIF的全部历程。因此,可立足于华北,在已有的初步工作基础上,深度挖掘,力图为BIF矿物成因演变规律提供进一步约束,极大深化和推动我国BIF的成因研究。

某铜矿工艺矿物学研究

为了充分了解某铜矿矿石性质,制定合理的选矿工艺流程,利用化学多元素分析、光学显微镜、MLA等综合手段,对矿石的化学成分、矿物种类、结构构造、主要矿物的嵌布特征以及主要有用元素的赋存状态进行分析研究。查明该矿石中主要有用元素为Cu和S,品位分别为1.73%、20.81%,伴生贵金属元素Au和Ag,品位分别为0.63、5.46 g/t。铜矿物主要是黄铜矿,其次是砷黝铜矿、黝铜矿,铜矿物以0.020~0.147 mm细粒为主,主要嵌布在硫化物及脉石矿物中。金属硫化物主要以黄铁矿为主,嵌布粒度以0.043~0.417 mm为主,在选矿时需要细磨以实现单体解离。金矿物主要以自然金和银金矿为主,以微粒金为主,嵌布在硫化物及脉石矿物中,共生关系复杂,回收难度也比较大。银元素分布比较分散,大部分分布在黄铁矿和铜矿物中。根据以上结果,建议采用“铜硫混合浮选-铜硫分离浮选工艺流程”处理铜矿石,对混合铜硫精矿再磨后进行分离,金银可以分别在铜精矿、硫精矿和尾矿中计价回收。

花岗伟晶岩分异演化与含矿性评价——从造岩矿物组构视角

高演化稀有金属伟晶岩的成矿过程是复杂和苛刻的,涉及到岩浆-热液过程热历史、岩浆迁移路径与成矿空间、侵位环境的过冷程度以及岩浆组分中稀有金属元素的初始富集等条件。而伟晶岩的分带特征是其形成过程的一种综合体现,不论是伟晶岩区域分带还是伟晶岩内部结构分带,都反映了伟晶岩岩浆结晶分异过程中岩浆的性质与形成环境,而这同时也赋予了造岩矿物在组构上的特殊性,形成遗传代码,对其进行解密,从而能够用于示踪与评估花岗伟晶岩的演化程度与成矿潜力。对于区域伟晶岩群的成矿潜力评估,由于含矿熔体在组分上的跨度较大,随着远离母体花岗岩体距离的增大,伟晶岩群演化程度增加,熔体中铁镁质组分以及Ca、Ba、Sr等碱土金属含量迅速降低,而挥发分、助熔剂组分、碱金属含量在残余熔体中逐渐增加,长石、云母与石英在类别和组构上产生显著变化;其中长石向钾-钠端元演化,且钠长石相对钾长石占据主导地位,云母由黑云母向白云母以及锂白云母转变,石英阴极发光特征与晶体结构及微量元素成分也表现出规律性的变化。受矿物晶格的限制,长石的K/Rb、K/Cs以及云母的K/Rb、K/Cs、Nb/Ta等比值特征能有效区分不同矿化潜力的伟晶岩群。石英的阴极发光特征能够揭示其生长环境与历史,石英的Li、Al、Ti、Ge等微量元素组成可以用来区分不同类型的伟晶岩矿床,并提供关于岩浆演化和成矿过程的重要线索。伟晶岩内部分带的形成主要受成矿熔体规模、过冷度以及成矿空间的封闭性等因素的控制,但在初始熔体成分上可以具有较大的变化。其中强分带型稀有金属伟晶岩记录了完整的岩浆-热液演化过程,不同阶段石英、长石和云母在晶体形态、微观结构以及微量元素组成上都具有显著变化。弱分带型稀有金属伟晶岩(钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩)的造岩矿物组分在伟晶岩内部变化不大,其受构造控制明显,在空间上与贫矿伟晶岩之间可具有较大的矿物组成差异,表明二者之间存在流动分异过程。而长距离(以更厚的地壳或大型拆离断层为标志)的熔体迁移正是形成超大型伟晶岩稀有金属矿床的有利要素。

塔里木盆地巴什布拉克铀矿床黑色泥岩成因及其对铀成矿的指示

巴什布拉克矿床是塔里木盆地重要的铀矿床,具有蚀变类型多样、矿石品位高、矿体呈多层板状等特点。铀矿化的分布与地沥青关系紧密,但地沥青的形成时间及其与铀成矿的关系仍不清楚,影响了矿床成因的认识和勘查方向的选择。文章选择以灰黑色泥岩和泥砾为研究对象,通过野外观察、岩石矿物学和X荧光光谱仪测量等,查明黑色泥岩的特征,厘定地沥青的发育时间及其与铀成矿的关系。结果表明,黑色泥岩产于砂砾岩层内部,呈薄夹层状产出,主要由泥晶白云石、半自形黄铁矿和大量团块状地沥青组成;铀矿物以铀石-细晶黄铁矿和UO_(2)/TiO_(2)混合物-地沥青矿物组合赋存在黑色泥岩矿石中,且U与Pb、Zn、Cu等同步富集。地沥青为下部油气逸散运移至近浅表地层中氧化分解的产物,形成于克孜勒苏群沉积-早成岩阶段,其形成与早白垩世的末期(115~113 Ma)塔西南地区岩浆活动造成的区域热事件有关。克孜勒苏群沉积-早成岩阶段的富U烃类流体是形成该矿床的关键因素,富U烃类还原性盆地流体与盆浅层地层水的流体混合作用导致U和Pb、Zn、Cu、Se等矿质的大规模沉淀,也为后期地表的氧化改造提供基础。

非洲某锂矿石的工艺矿物学

这是一篇工艺矿物学领域的论文。国外某锂矿研究程度低,矿石不仅具有较高的锂,而且伴生铌、钽、铷、铯等有益元素。为实现矿石资源综合利用,对该矿进行了详细的工艺矿物学研究。采用X射线荧光光谱分析及其他化学分析手段,查明了矿石化学成分;利用电子探针、X射线衍射分析仪、扫描电镜与能谱分析(SEM-EDS)等方法,研究了矿物的嵌布特征,重点考查了锂的赋存状态。研究结果表明:矿石中锂的主要载体矿物为锂辉石,次为磷锂铝石,其他矿物中的锂为包裹、夹杂的不可利用锂。元素配分结果表明,锂精矿的理论品位为6.64%,理论回收率为74.98%。分析了影响选矿回收指标的矿物学因素,摸清了伴生有益组分的赋存状态,为矿山资源综合利用提供了矿物学理论支撑。

岩浆因素对中国东部铜陵矿集区差异性矿化的控制作用:来自角闪石、斜长石矿物学证据

冬瓜山铜(金)矿床和新桥硫铁铜金矿床是铜陵矿集区内两个大型夕卡岩型矿床,二者成矿地质背景相似,矿体产于同一地层层位,冬瓜山矿床以黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿为主,新桥矿床以黄铁矿和磁铁矿为主,二者矿物组合差异性非常明显,但造成二者矿物组合差异的关键控制因素还不清楚。针对这一科学问题,本文以二者成矿岩体中的角闪石和斜长石为研究对象,拟揭示岩浆因素对二者差异性矿化的控制作用。冬瓜山矿床青山脚石英二长闪长岩和新桥矿床矶头石英闪长岩角闪石和斜长石岩相学和电子探针(EPMA)主量元素和LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析结果显示,青山脚岩体中的角闪石大部分属于镁角闪石系列;矶头岩体中的角闪石大部分属于镁角闪石和浅闪石系列。青山脚岩体和矶头岩体的角闪石结晶压力、结晶温度、结晶深度、氧逸度和含水量分别为41~306 MPa和23~225 MPa,691~916℃和634~918℃,1.6~11.6 km和0.9~8.5 km,ΔNNO=0~2.3和ΔNNO=-0.4~2.4,3.7%~5.5%和3.1%~5.4%,青山脚和矶头岩体内角闪石以地壳型为主,少部分为壳幔混合型。两个岩体中斜长石多为中长石,根据斜长石结构和成分剖面特征,推测青山脚和矶头岩体晶体群分别来自5个和4个不同的岩浆子系统,都经历了镁铁质岩浆的注入和混合作用。我们认为镁铁质岩浆中氧逸度和元素含量的差异控制了冬瓜山和新桥的差异性矿化。

辽宁某氰化尾渣浮硫试验

为提升辽宁某黄金选厂氰化尾渣的综合利用效率,基于样品性质研究,采用单因素条件试验以及开路、闭路试验分别考察了调整剂种类、捕收剂种类及用量、起泡剂用量、矿浆pH值、扫选药剂用量对分选效果的影响,确定了浮选回收工艺的适宜药剂制度以及工艺流程。结果表明:①氰化尾渣中脉石矿物以铝硅酸盐为主,具有回收利用价值的元素为S,赋存于黄铁矿中,是主要的有价回收组分。②氰化尾渣-0.038 mm、-0.074 mm粒级产率分别达54.98%和77.44%,硫矿物解离较充分,浮选回收过程中不需要进行磨矿。③对因科法破氰后的尾渣,适宜的浮选药剂制度为:捕收剂丁基黄药用量160 g/t、起泡剂2号油用量30 g/t,扫选起泡剂用2号油量10 g/t、矿浆pH值7.2。在上述药剂制度下,经过1粗2精2扫的闭路浮选流程处理,最终可得到硫品位44.20%、硫回收率58.73%的浮选精矿。本研究确定了氰化尾渣硫回收适宜的工艺条件,实现了黄金选厂氰化尾渣有价组分的高效提取和清洁化利用。

云南大关天星石英矿工艺矿物学研究

采用矿物解离度分析仪(MLA)分析、扫描电镜分析、光薄片鉴定等方法对云南大关地区天星石英砂岩型矿石进行了详细的矿物学研究。分析结果显示该矿SiO2含量98.95%,石英含量98.47%,主要杂质矿物为黏土矿物、黑云母和金红石等。矿石中石英原生粒度主要为100~210μm,黏土矿物粒度主要分布在10μm以下和75~150μm,金红石和锆石等主要分布在38~75μm。石英多以碎屑物的形式赋存,大部分杂质矿物分布在石英颗粒之间,其中黏土矿物多以胶结物形式赋存,金红石等多以碎屑物形式赋存,少量金红石被石英包裹。对矿体不同层位样品的分析显示,在磨矿细度基本不变的情况下,薄层状矿石中被包裹的金红石等有害矿物含量明显高于厚层状矿石。建议按矿石性质对云南大关天星石英砂岩矿分级利用,其中厚层状矿石适合加工超白石英砂等高端用途,薄层状矿石可以考虑生产中低端石英砂原料。同时建议选矿过程中适当降低磨矿细度,以提高石英单体解离度。

秘鲁某铜钼矿石工艺矿物学及分选性能研究

为了提高秘鲁某铜钼矿石的利用率,针对矿石的物质组成、矿物赋存状态等进行了详细的工艺矿物学研究。结果表明:矿石中可回收元素Cu含量为0.65%,其中96.92%的铜以硫化物形式存在,矿石Mo含量为0.01%,其中91.00%的钼呈辉钼矿产出;矿石中铜矿物为中细粒不均匀嵌布、辉钼矿为微细粒均匀嵌布、黄铁矿为中粗粒不均匀嵌布。推荐选矿流程:-0.075 mm占50%磨矿细度条件下进行铜钼硫的混合浮选作业综合回收包括铜矿物、黄铁矿和辉钼矿在内的全部金属硫化物,然后对混合浮选精矿进行铜硫分离作业分别得到铜精矿1和硫精矿1产品;之后对硫精矿产品细磨至-0.075 mm占65%再次进行铜硫分离作业获得铜精矿2和最终硫精矿产品;将铜精矿1和铜精矿2混合成综合铜精矿产品,然后对其进行铜钼分离作业,最后获得最终铜精矿和钼精矿产品。

风化矿选矿技术现状与进展

矿石风化后其理化性质发生了复杂变化,导致后续选矿难度大、分选效率低。详述了风化金属矿和风化非金属矿选矿技术现状,归纳总结了风化矿分选的主要方法。针对含泥量高、粒度细、嵌布复杂的风化金属矿,可采用预处理强化以及加强分级选矿等方法进行多段选别,提高选矿效果。针对风化非金属矿氧化程度高、杂质含量多的特点,利用辅助手段剥去矿物表面氧化层,联合浮选工艺以及分级选矿的方法可获得较高品位的精矿。通过对风化后的矿物进行工艺矿物学研究,可掌握目的矿物和伴生矿物风化后的矿物特征,为制定分选工艺、选择分选设备、确定选矿药剂提供技术指导。进行矿石工艺矿物学研究是风化矿分选的前提,开发先进分选工艺设备、研制高效选矿药剂是风化矿选矿未来研究的重点。

安徽铜陵地区晚中生代中基性侵入岩成因与成矿:来自磷灰石矿物学和地球化学证据

辉石闪长岩是安徽铜陵地区晚中生代侵入岩的重要类型,与铜金多金属成矿密切相关。本文以白芒山岩体和舒家店岩体辉石闪长岩为研究对象,着重开展磷灰石矿物学和地球化学研究,探索中基性侵入岩成因及与成矿关系。结果显示:磷灰石强烈富集稀土元素,轻重稀土元素分异明显,弱—中等Eu负异常,富集Th、U等高场强元素,亏损Ta、Nb、Ti、Zr、Hf等高场强元素和Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,稀土—微量元素组成特征指示其寄主岩石成岩物质具有壳幔混源特征。岩相学特征显示磷灰石具有两种不同的晶体形态、产出状态和显微结构,即长柱状、包裹体相、均质结构和短柱状、晶间相、核—边/环带结构,其元素地球化学特征有显著差异,指示其寄主岩石成岩作用经历过壳源长英质岩浆冷凝结晶→高温幔源镁铁质岩浆注入和长英质岩浆早期结晶矿物熔蚀→混合岩浆侵位和结晶的复杂过程。核—边/环带结构磷灰石从核部到边部SO_(3)和Cl含量波动式变化特征,指示镁铁质岩浆幕式注入,并触发混合岩浆上升侵位,有利于流体出溶和热液成矿。磷灰石卤族元素(F、Cl)和SO_(3)高含量则提供板块俯冲环境证据,指示基性端元的镁铁质弧岩浆来自俯冲板片析出流体交代富集岩石圈地幔,镁铁质岩浆幕式注入有利于流体出溶和热液成矿。

攀西某强蚀变钒钛磁铁矿钛的赋存状态及理论指标预测

攀西四大矿区是我国战略资源铁、钛主产区,铁、钛均可综合利用,矿集区内铁主要从钛磁铁矿中回收,钛主要从钛铁矿中回收,从其他矿物中回收的类型鲜有报道。对攀西某地强蚀变矿石研究发现,矿石中铁含量低,主要赋存于绿泥石中,无利用价值;钛可有效利用,钛的赋存机制与四大矿集区差异较大。为查清该矿石中钛的赋存状态,采用多种矿物学研究手段对矿石进行了深入研究。研究结果表明:矿石中钛的主要载体矿物为锐钛矿及钛铁矿,分别占总钛的51.39%、21.54%,二者或紧密共生,或独立存在,粒间普遍分布不规则填隙状碳酸盐等脉石矿物;锐钛矿与钛铁矿粒径0.074 mm以上含量低,分别占35.64%、43.92%,细磨单体解离度较差。此外,因矿石发生重度蚀变,少量钛还分布在结晶较差无法有效利用的锐钛矿-绿泥石过度相及榍石等矿物中,即矿石为细粒难选冶、钛赋存状态复杂的钒钛磁铁矿矿石。基于矿石的嵌布特性,最终制定了原矿棒磨后摇床富集钛,预富集产品焙烧-磨矿-酸洗-浮钛-酸浸的混合选钛工艺流程,获得了TiO_(2)品位及回收率均在50%以上的钛精矿,研究成果为该区钛的后续选冶工艺制定提供了新的理论支撑,释放了呆滞钛资源,对同类型矿石综合利用具有重要的参考意义。

南芬选矿厂综合尾矿工艺矿物学研究

南芬选矿厂为实现综合尾矿的回收利用及为合理选择选矿工艺及参数提供参考,以综合尾矿为研究对象,采用MLA矿物自动分析系统进行了尾矿矿物学特性研究。研究结果表明:综合尾矿全铁品位为9.64%,铁主要以赤、褐铁矿的形式存在,分布率为63.49%;其次以磁铁矿的形式存在,分布率为12.20%;主要脉石矿物为石英、镁铁闪石、绿泥石和透闪石,其他矿物含量少。磁、赤铁矿的嵌布粒度-75μm含量占85.71%,单体解离度为63.88%;其中,单体的磁、赤铁矿包裹少量石英,被包裹的磁、赤铁矿则主要被石英等矿物包裹,富连生体中含有较多的石英和少量的菱铁矿。

联合多模态与多跨度特征的嵌套命名实体识别

嵌套命名实体识别(NNER)因日趋重要的现实意义成为信息抽取的研究热点。但是,由于语料资源匮乏、穷举窗口受限以及跨度特征缺失等问题,面向垂直领域的NNER研究进展缓慢且存在实体识别错误或遗漏的问题。针对上述问题,提出一种以矿物学为研究背景,融合语料感知词典的垂直领域NNER模型。首先,结合点互信息、词频逆文本频率算法与注意力机制自动集成语料感知词典,同时扩展锚文本知识提升模型的训练精度。其次,从共享视角出发,设计三种多模态信息的融合策略,训练编码器学习字符、字形、词汇的扩展向量表示,通过三重积运算和切片注意力机制,筛选整合由多层感知机捕捉到的私有表征,缩小异质特征的空间差距。再次,以自底向上的层级架构确定跨度间的上下文关联,生成建议跨度集合,以双仿射机制和线性分类器获得目标跨度与相邻跨度、目标跨度内部表征、目标跨度边界等特征。最后,为目标跨度分配对应的实体类型标签。在六项数据集上的实验结果表明,相比于基线模型,提出的方法实现了显著的性能提升,能有效提升低资源场景下的NNER任务效果。