In cicadas the songs are produced by vibrations of the sounding membrane driven by sounding muscles. The innervations of sounding movements are synchro-controlling type for some species and asynchro-controlling type f...In cicadas the songs are produced by vibrations of the sounding membrane driven by sounding muscles. The innervations of sounding movements are synchro-controlling type for some species and asynchro-controlling type for other species. The contracting movements of sounding muscles on both sides are synchronous for some species and alternate for other species, and the contracting frequencies are from several decade to several hundred and generally below 500 Hz. On the basis of studies on the song property and innervation of sound production in the Mingnfing cicada, the innervation frequency-response of movements in sounding muscles is studied in this note. The results provide the important basis for expounding the sounding mechanism of vari-toned songs in cicadas.展开更多
In this paper, the frequency conversion property Df Mingming cicada songs is revealedand its dynamic process is given. In every single call the prelude and coda are mostly mono-timbre sounds whose dominantsounds are m...In this paper, the frequency conversion property Df Mingming cicada songs is revealedand its dynamic process is given. In every single call the prelude and coda are mostly mono-timbre sounds whose dominantsounds are mainly the basic sound (BS) with the main peak frequency of about 4000 Hz. Themajority of the loud songs consist of 5--8 vari-toned syllables (VTS) 'Weiying'. The process of frequency conversion consists of the pre-mixed tone 'Wei', with BS as thedominant sound, mid-mixed tone and 'Ying' with the inferior sound (IS_2) of 3--5 octave ofBS as the dominant sound. The inferior sound (IS_1) of 1.5--2 octave of BS is a sound accom-paniment of low intensity. In the process of frequency couversion, although no obviouschange occurs in the contraction frequency of sounding muscle (SMc), about 220±25 Hz,obvious differences occur in the twitch property of it. BS, IS_1 and IS_2 are respectively excitedby quasi-sine and saw-tooth twitches. The velocities of upward and downward sound accom-paniment movements of the abdomen are respectively about 2.5--5 cm/s and 5 cm/s on anaverage.展开更多
In this paper, the original process of vari-toned song in the Mmgming cicada is revealed, and the brand-new recognition for studies of the song mechanism in cicadas is opened up. Each vari-toned syllable 'Weiying&...In this paper, the original process of vari-toned song in the Mmgming cicada is revealed, and the brand-new recognition for studies of the song mechanism in cicadas is opened up. Each vari-toned syllable 'Weiying' is composed of 'Wei' with the basic sound (BS) as the dominant tone and 'ying' with the upper partials (UP2) as the dominant tone, and the upper partials (UP1) is a sound accompaniment of low intensity.The BS, UP1 and UP2 are produced by vibrations of the long ribs LR2,3 and LR1 in sounding membrane driven, separately, by two kinds of the twich in sounding muscle, 'Wei' and 'ying' are separately produced by the prin-subordinate vibrations of LR2,3 -LR1 and LR1-LR2,3. The LR1 and LR2,3 are analogous to a string tensioned two ends and a beam hinged two ends with a load in the middle respectively. Obtained the acoustic properties of sounding vibration are not only suited to the structural characteristics of LR1, 2, 3 but also consist basically with the acoustic properties of song.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In cicadas the songs are produced by vibrations of the sounding membrane driven by sounding muscles. The innervations of sounding movements are synchro-controlling type for some species and asynchro-controlling type for other species. The contracting movements of sounding muscles on both sides are synchronous for some species and alternate for other species, and the contracting frequencies are from several decade to several hundred and generally below 500 Hz. On the basis of studies on the song property and innervation of sound production in the Mingnfing cicada, the innervation frequency-response of movements in sounding muscles is studied in this note. The results provide the important basis for expounding the sounding mechanism of vari-toned songs in cicadas.
文摘In this paper, the frequency conversion property Df Mingming cicada songs is revealedand its dynamic process is given. In every single call the prelude and coda are mostly mono-timbre sounds whose dominantsounds are mainly the basic sound (BS) with the main peak frequency of about 4000 Hz. Themajority of the loud songs consist of 5--8 vari-toned syllables (VTS) 'Weiying'. The process of frequency conversion consists of the pre-mixed tone 'Wei', with BS as thedominant sound, mid-mixed tone and 'Ying' with the inferior sound (IS_2) of 3--5 octave ofBS as the dominant sound. The inferior sound (IS_1) of 1.5--2 octave of BS is a sound accom-paniment of low intensity. In the process of frequency couversion, although no obviouschange occurs in the contraction frequency of sounding muscle (SMc), about 220±25 Hz,obvious differences occur in the twitch property of it. BS, IS_1 and IS_2 are respectively excitedby quasi-sine and saw-tooth twitches. The velocities of upward and downward sound accom-paniment movements of the abdomen are respectively about 2.5--5 cm/s and 5 cm/s on anaverage.
文摘In this paper, the original process of vari-toned song in the Mmgming cicada is revealed, and the brand-new recognition for studies of the song mechanism in cicadas is opened up. Each vari-toned syllable 'Weiying' is composed of 'Wei' with the basic sound (BS) as the dominant tone and 'ying' with the upper partials (UP2) as the dominant tone, and the upper partials (UP1) is a sound accompaniment of low intensity.The BS, UP1 and UP2 are produced by vibrations of the long ribs LR2,3 and LR1 in sounding membrane driven, separately, by two kinds of the twich in sounding muscle, 'Wei' and 'ying' are separately produced by the prin-subordinate vibrations of LR2,3 -LR1 and LR1-LR2,3. The LR1 and LR2,3 are analogous to a string tensioned two ends and a beam hinged two ends with a load in the middle respectively. Obtained the acoustic properties of sounding vibration are not only suited to the structural characteristics of LR1, 2, 3 but also consist basically with the acoustic properties of song.
