Current minimization programs do not permit full control over different aspects of minimization algorithm such as distance or probability measures and may not allow for unequal allocation ratios. This article describe...Current minimization programs do not permit full control over different aspects of minimization algorithm such as distance or probability measures and may not allow for unequal allocation ratios. This article describes the implementation of “MinimPy” an open-source minimization program in Python programming language, which provides full customizetion of minimization features. MinimPy supports naive and biased coin minimization together with various new and classic distance measures. Data syncing is provided to facilitate minimization of multicenter trial over the network. MinimPy can easily be modified to fit special needs of clinical trials and in particular change it to a pure web application, though it currently supports network syncing of data in multi-center trials using network repositories.展开更多
In this paper, the properties of the maps for the Heisenberg group targets are studied. For u e∈W1,α(Ω, Hm), some Poincare type inequalities are proved. For the energy minimizers, the ∈-regularity theorems and the...In this paper, the properties of the maps for the Heisenberg group targets are studied. For u e∈W1,α(Ω, Hm), some Poincare type inequalities are proved. For the energy minimizers, the ∈-regularity theorems and the singularity theorems are obtained.展开更多
In this article, we first investigate the properties of modular Frobenius groups. Then, we consider the case that G＇ is a minimal normal subgroup of a modular Frobenius group G. We give the complete classification of...In this article, we first investigate the properties of modular Frobenius groups. Then, we consider the case that G＇ is a minimal normal subgroup of a modular Frobenius group G. We give the complete classification of G when G＇ as a modular Frobenius kernel has no more than four conjugacy classes in G.展开更多
We call a subgroup H of a finite group G c-supplemented in G if there exists a subgroup K ofG such that G = HK and H ∩K ≤ core(H). In this paper it is proved that a finite group G is p-nilpotentif G is S4-free and e...We call a subgroup H of a finite group G c-supplemented in G if there exists a subgroup K ofG such that G = HK and H ∩K ≤ core(H). In this paper it is proved that a finite group G is p-nilpotentif G is S4-free and every minimal subgroup of P ∩ GN is c-supplemented in NG(P), and when p = 2 P isquaternion-free, where p is the smallest prime number dividing the order of G, P a Sylow p-subgroup of G.As some applications of this result, some known results are generalized.展开更多
Leaf functional traits are adaptations that enable plants to live under various environmental conditions. This study aims to determine the differences in leaf functional traits among plants grouped by growth habit, le...Leaf functional traits are adaptations that enable plants to live under various environmental conditions. This study aims to determine the differences in leaf functional traits among plants grouped by growth habit, leaf life span,leaf lifestyle, leaf form, and origin. Specific leaf area（SLA） of perennial or evergreen species was lower than that of annual or deciduous species because longer-lived leaves of perennial or evergreen species require more investment in structural integrity and/or defense against disturbances, especially with any resource constraint. SLA of large individuals was lower than that of small individuals. The low SLA in large individuals can improve their response to changing light and water conditions because increasing plant height is advantageous for light competition, but it can also impose a cost in terms of structural support and water transport. Petioles of plants with compound leaves were significantly longer than those of simple leaves because branching is expensive in terms of gaining height. SLA of plants increased with increasing invasiveness accordingly, and SLA of invasive plants was higher than that of their native congeners because invasive plants should invest more biomass on leaf growth rather than leaf structures per unit area to achieve a higher growth rate.Overall, variation in leaf functional traits among different groups may play an adaptive role in the successful survival of plants under diverse environments because leaf functional traits can lead to pronounced effects on leaf function,especially the acquisition and use of light. Plant species with different growth and leaf traits balance resource acquisition and leaf construction to minimize trade-offs and achieve fitness advantages in their natural habitat.展开更多
Let G be a discrete group and (G, G+) an ordered group. Let (G, GF) be the minimal quasiordered group containing (G, G+). Let G+ (G) and (G) be the corresponding Toeplitz algebras, and γGF,G+ the natural C*-algebra m...Let G be a discrete group and (G, G+) an ordered group. Let (G, GF) be the minimal quasiordered group containing (G, G+). Let G+ (G) and (G) be the corresponding Toeplitz algebras, and γGF,G+ the natural C*-algebra morphism from G+ (G) to GF(G). This paper studies the connection between Ker GF,G+ and the minimal closed ideal ofTG+ (G). It is proved that if G is amenable and GF≠G+, then Ker γGF,G+ is exactly the minimal closed non-trivial ideal of G+ (G). As an application, in the last part of this paper, a character of K-groups of Toeplitz algebras on ordered groups is clarified.展开更多
Assume p is an odd prime. We investigate finite p-groups all of whose minimal nonabelian subgroups are of order p^3. Let P1-groups denote the p-groups all of whose minimal nonabelian subgroups are nonme tacyclic of or...Assume p is an odd prime. We investigate finite p-groups all of whose minimal nonabelian subgroups are of order p^3. Let P1-groups denote the p-groups all of whose minimal nonabelian subgroups are nonme tacyclic of order p^3. In this paper, the P1-groups are classified, and as a by-product, we prove the Hughes' conjecture is true for the P1-groups.展开更多
A finite group G is called an J N J-group if every proper subgroup H of G is either subnormal in G or self-normalizing. We determinate the structure of non-J N J-groups in which all proper subgroups are J N J- groups.
The author studies minimal surfaces in 3-dimensional solvable Lie groups with left invariantRiemannian metrics. A Weierstraβ type integral representation formula for minimal surfaces isobtained.
We introduce and study the minimal inner-Σ-Ω-groups and the minimal outer-Σ-■-groups.Then we give some applications and obtain some interesting results,including characterizations of nilpotent,supersolvable,solvab...We introduce and study the minimal inner-Σ-Ω-groups and the minimal outer-Σ-■-groups.Then we give some applications and obtain some interesting results,including characterizations of nilpotent,supersolvable,solvable,and p-closed groups in terms of the join of two conjugate cyclic subgroups having the same property.展开更多
We study several stronger versions of sensitivity for minimal group actions,including nsensitivity,thick n-sensitivity and blockily thick n-sensitivity,and characterize them by the regionally proximal relation.
Bozek(1980)has introduced a class of solvable Lie groups Gn with arbitrary odd dimension to construct irreducible generalized symmetric Riemannian space such that the identity component of its full isometry group is s...Bozek(1980)has introduced a class of solvable Lie groups Gn with arbitrary odd dimension to construct irreducible generalized symmetric Riemannian space such that the identity component of its full isometry group is solvable.In this article,the authors provide the set of all left-invariant minimal unit vector fields on the solvable Lie group Gn,and give the relationships between the minimal unit vector fields and the geodesic vector fields,the strongly normal unit vectors respectively.展开更多
基金Research of the first author is supported by a NNSF grant of China(Grant No.11371335)Wu Wen-Tsun Key Laboratory of Mathematics of Chinese Academy of Science.The second author was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(Project No.13-01-00469)+1 种基金the Complex Program of UB RAS(Project 15-16-1-5)under the Agreement 02.A03.21.0006 of 27.08.2013 between the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and Ural Federal University.
文摘In this paper,we determine the finite minimal non-supersolvable groups decomposable into the product of two normal supersolvable subgroups.
文摘Current minimization programs do not permit full control over different aspects of minimization algorithm such as distance or probability measures and may not allow for unequal allocation ratios. This article describes the implementation of “MinimPy” an open-source minimization program in Python programming language, which provides full customizetion of minimization features. MinimPy supports naive and biased coin minimization together with various new and classic distance measures. Data syncing is provided to facilitate minimization of multicenter trial over the network. MinimPy can easily be modified to fit special needs of clinical trials and in particular change it to a pure web application, though it currently supports network syncing of data in multi-center trials using network repositories.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (19771048)
文摘In this paper, the properties of the maps for the Heisenberg group targets are studied. For u e∈W1,α(Ω, Hm), some Poincare type inequalities are proved. For the energy minimizers, the ∈-regularity theorems and the singularity theorems are obtained.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11171243, 11201385)the Technology Project of Department of Education of Fujian Province(JA12336)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2010121003)the Science and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2011J01022)
文摘In this article, we first investigate the properties of modular Frobenius groups. Then, we consider the case that G＇ is a minimal normal subgroup of a modular Frobenius group G. We give the complete classification of G when G＇ as a modular Frobenius kernel has no more than four conjugacy classes in G.
基金This work was supported by a research grant of Shanxi Province for the first author and partially supported by a fund of UGC(HK) for the second author (Grant No. 2160126, 1999/2000).
文摘We call a subgroup H of a finite group G c-supplemented in G if there exists a subgroup K ofG such that G = HK and H ∩K ≤ core(H). In this paper it is proved that a finite group G is p-nilpotentif G is S4-free and every minimal subgroup of P ∩ GN is c-supplemented in NG(P), and when p = 2 P isquaternion-free, where p is the smallest prime number dividing the order of G, P a Sylow p-subgroup of G.As some applications of this result, some known results are generalized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31300343)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20130500)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment,Research Foundation for Advanced Talents,Jiangsu University(12JDG086)
文摘Leaf functional traits are adaptations that enable plants to live under various environmental conditions. This study aims to determine the differences in leaf functional traits among plants grouped by growth habit, leaf life span,leaf lifestyle, leaf form, and origin. Specific leaf area（SLA） of perennial or evergreen species was lower than that of annual or deciduous species because longer-lived leaves of perennial or evergreen species require more investment in structural integrity and/or defense against disturbances, especially with any resource constraint. SLA of large individuals was lower than that of small individuals. The low SLA in large individuals can improve their response to changing light and water conditions because increasing plant height is advantageous for light competition, but it can also impose a cost in terms of structural support and water transport. Petioles of plants with compound leaves were significantly longer than those of simple leaves because branching is expensive in terms of gaining height. SLA of plants increased with increasing invasiveness accordingly, and SLA of invasive plants was higher than that of their native congeners because invasive plants should invest more biomass on leaf growth rather than leaf structures per unit area to achieve a higher growth rate.Overall, variation in leaf functional traits among different groups may play an adaptive role in the successful survival of plants under diverse environments because leaf functional traits can lead to pronounced effects on leaf function,especially the acquisition and use of light. Plant species with different growth and leaf traits balance resource acquisition and leaf construction to minimize trade-offs and achieve fitness advantages in their natural habitat.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China!(No. 19901019) the YouthScience Foundation of Colleges and Universities o
文摘Let G be a discrete group and (G, G+) an ordered group. Let (G, GF) be the minimal quasiordered group containing (G, G+). Let G+ (G) and (G) be the corresponding Toeplitz algebras, and γGF,G+ the natural C*-algebra morphism from G+ (G) to GF(G). This paper studies the connection between Ker GF,G+ and the minimal closed ideal ofTG+ (G). It is proved that if G is amenable and GF≠G+, then Ker γGF,G+ is exactly the minimal closed non-trivial ideal of G+ (G). As an application, in the last part of this paper, a character of K-groups of Toeplitz algebras on ordered groups is clarified.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11771258 and 11471198)
文摘Assume p is an odd prime. We investigate finite p-groups all of whose minimal nonabelian subgroups are of order p^3. Let P1-groups denote the p-groups all of whose minimal nonabelian subgroups are nonme tacyclic of order p^3. In this paper, the P1-groups are classified, and as a by-product, we prove the Hughes' conjecture is true for the P1-groups.
文摘A finite group G is called an J N J-group if every proper subgroup H of G is either subnormal in G or self-normalizing. We determinate the structure of non-J N J-groups in which all proper subgroups are J N J- groups.
基金Partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (No. 12740051), Japan Society for Promotion of Science.
文摘The author studies minimal surfaces in 3-dimensional solvable Lie groups with left invariantRiemannian metrics. A Weierstraβ type integral representation formula for minimal surfaces isobtained.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10871032)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK2008156)
文摘We introduce and study the minimal inner-Σ-Ω-groups and the minimal outer-Σ-■-groups.Then we give some applications and obtain some interesting results,including characterizations of nilpotent,supersolvable,solvable,and p-closed groups in terms of the join of two conjugate cyclic subgroups having the same property.
基金Supported by NNSF of China(Grant Nos.11771264,11871188)NSF of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2018B030306024)。
文摘We study several stronger versions of sensitivity for minimal group actions,including nsensitivity,thick n-sensitivity and blockily thick n-sensitivity,and characterize them by the regionally proximal relation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12001007,12201358)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2021QA051)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 1908085QA03)Starting Research Funds of Shandong University of Science and Technology (Nos. 0104060511817, 0104060540626)
文摘Bozek(1980)has introduced a class of solvable Lie groups Gn with arbitrary odd dimension to construct irreducible generalized symmetric Riemannian space such that the identity component of its full isometry group is solvable.In this article,the authors provide the set of all left-invariant minimal unit vector fields on the solvable Lie group Gn,and give the relationships between the minimal unit vector fields and the geodesic vector fields,the strongly normal unit vectors respectively.
