Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years,making great contributions to industrialization.Given the increasing demand for energy,along with the restructuring of the energy supply catalyzed by effor...Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years,making great contributions to industrialization.Given the increasing demand for energy,along with the restructuring of the energy supply catalyzed by efforts to achieve a low-carbon economy,deep seabed mining will play an important role in addressing energy-and resource-related problems in the future.However,deep seabed mining remains in the exploratory stage,with many challenges presented by the high-pressure,low-temperature,and complex geologic and hydrodynamic environments in deep-sea mining areas,which are inaccessible to human activities.Thus,considerable efforts are required to ensure sustainable,economic,reliable,and safe deep seabed mining.This study reviews the latest advances in marine engineering geology and the environment related to deep-sea min-ing activities,presents a bibliometric analysis of the development of ocean mineral resources since the 1950s,summarizes the development,theory,and issues related to techniques for the three stages of ocean mining(i.e.,exploration,extraction,and closure),and discusses the engineering geology environment,geological disasters,in-situ monitoring techniques,envi-ronmental protection requirements,and environmental effects in detail.Finally,this paper gives some key conclusions and future perspectives to provide insights for subsequent studies and commercial mining operations.展开更多
The Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area is rich in mineral resources and has a long history of mining.The environmental impact of long-term mining activities cannot be ignored.It is of great sign...The Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area is rich in mineral resources and has a long history of mining.The environmental impact of long-term mining activities cannot be ignored.It is of great significance to study the ecological risk and the accumulation trends of heavy metals in the soil of mining areas for scientific prevention and control of heavy metal pollution.Taking the Taowanbeigou River Basin in the mine concentration area as the research object,the ecological pollution risk and cumulative effect of heavy metals in the soil of the basin were studied by using the comprehensive pollution index method,potential ecological risk assessment method and geoaccumulation index method.On this basis,the cumulative exceeding years of specific heavy metals were predicted by using the early warning model.The comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil near the Luanchuan mine concentration area is moderate,and the single element Cd is the main ecological risk factor,with a contribution rate of 53.6%.The overall cumulative degrees of Cu and Pb in the soil are“none-moderate”,Zn and Cd are moderate,Mo has reached an extremely strong cumulative level,Hg,As and Cr risks are not obvious,and the overall cumulative risks order is Mo>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Hg.According to the current accumulation rate and taking the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land as the reference standard,the locations over standard rates of Cu,Zn and Cd will exceed 78%in 90years,and the over standard rate of Pb will reach approximately 57%in 200 years.The cumulative exceeding standard periods of As,Cr and Hg are generally long,which basically indicates that these elements do not pose a significant potential threat to the ecological environment.Mining activities will accelerate the accumulation of heavy metals in soil.With the continuous development of mining activities,the potential pollution risk of heavy metals in the soil of mining areas will also increase.展开更多
为掌握矿山地质环境问题的影响程度,以调查区多年遥感图像为信息源,通过图像识别技术,解译矿山地物信息,提取量化评价数据;然后结合改进序关系法与拉开档次法,最终建立基于直觉模糊集(Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set,IFS)-理想解法(Technique...为掌握矿山地质环境问题的影响程度,以调查区多年遥感图像为信息源,通过图像识别技术,解译矿山地物信息,提取量化评价数据;然后结合改进序关系法与拉开档次法,最终建立基于直觉模糊集(Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set,IFS)-理想解法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)的矿山地质环境综合评价模型。最后以陕西省富平县曹村镇为实例,基于遥感信息提取数据的分析,并结合研究区矿山开发与自然地理情况,构建矿山地质环境评价指标体系,应用所提出的模型对研究区的矿山进行地质环境评价,得出以矿山为单元的评价等级分区。结果表明,所提出的方法能够客观地反映研究区矿山地质环境现状,能为政府进一步制定矿山地质环境保护与治理政策提供合理参考。展开更多
基金Funding for this research was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42022052,42277138,and 52108337)the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2803800)+1 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2020YQ29)UCL's Department of Civil,Environmental and Geomatic Engineering,and Ocean University of China.
文摘Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years,making great contributions to industrialization.Given the increasing demand for energy,along with the restructuring of the energy supply catalyzed by efforts to achieve a low-carbon economy,deep seabed mining will play an important role in addressing energy-and resource-related problems in the future.However,deep seabed mining remains in the exploratory stage,with many challenges presented by the high-pressure,low-temperature,and complex geologic and hydrodynamic environments in deep-sea mining areas,which are inaccessible to human activities.Thus,considerable efforts are required to ensure sustainable,economic,reliable,and safe deep seabed mining.This study reviews the latest advances in marine engineering geology and the environment related to deep-sea min-ing activities,presents a bibliometric analysis of the development of ocean mineral resources since the 1950s,summarizes the development,theory,and issues related to techniques for the three stages of ocean mining(i.e.,exploration,extraction,and closure),and discusses the engineering geology environment,geological disasters,in-situ monitoring techniques,envi-ronmental protection requirements,and environmental effects in detail.Finally,this paper gives some key conclusions and future perspectives to provide insights for subsequent studies and commercial mining operations.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Project to Henan Provincial Department of Natural Resources(Henan Natural Resources Letter[2019]373–10)。
文摘The Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area is rich in mineral resources and has a long history of mining.The environmental impact of long-term mining activities cannot be ignored.It is of great significance to study the ecological risk and the accumulation trends of heavy metals in the soil of mining areas for scientific prevention and control of heavy metal pollution.Taking the Taowanbeigou River Basin in the mine concentration area as the research object,the ecological pollution risk and cumulative effect of heavy metals in the soil of the basin were studied by using the comprehensive pollution index method,potential ecological risk assessment method and geoaccumulation index method.On this basis,the cumulative exceeding years of specific heavy metals were predicted by using the early warning model.The comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil near the Luanchuan mine concentration area is moderate,and the single element Cd is the main ecological risk factor,with a contribution rate of 53.6%.The overall cumulative degrees of Cu and Pb in the soil are“none-moderate”,Zn and Cd are moderate,Mo has reached an extremely strong cumulative level,Hg,As and Cr risks are not obvious,and the overall cumulative risks order is Mo>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Hg.According to the current accumulation rate and taking the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land as the reference standard,the locations over standard rates of Cu,Zn and Cd will exceed 78%in 90years,and the over standard rate of Pb will reach approximately 57%in 200 years.The cumulative exceeding standard periods of As,Cr and Hg are generally long,which basically indicates that these elements do not pose a significant potential threat to the ecological environment.Mining activities will accelerate the accumulation of heavy metals in soil.With the continuous development of mining activities,the potential pollution risk of heavy metals in the soil of mining areas will also increase.
文摘为掌握矿山地质环境问题的影响程度,以调查区多年遥感图像为信息源,通过图像识别技术,解译矿山地物信息,提取量化评价数据;然后结合改进序关系法与拉开档次法,最终建立基于直觉模糊集(Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set,IFS)-理想解法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)的矿山地质环境综合评价模型。最后以陕西省富平县曹村镇为实例,基于遥感信息提取数据的分析,并结合研究区矿山开发与自然地理情况,构建矿山地质环境评价指标体系,应用所提出的模型对研究区的矿山进行地质环境评价,得出以矿山为单元的评价等级分区。结果表明,所提出的方法能够客观地反映研究区矿山地质环境现状,能为政府进一步制定矿山地质环境保护与治理政策提供合理参考。
