Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China.In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao,the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minori...Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China.In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao,the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minority Candidates(PBSEMC)has been issued,whose,however,effectiveness in promoting upward social class has not been adequately empirically explored.The difference-in-differences(DID)analysis based on cross-sectional data,which is distinct from the traditional DID analysis paradigm,was implemented to assess the Reform of PBSEMC in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1988.The results showed that PBSEMC had a significant and positive impact on the social classes of ethnic minorities,and gender,residence type and occupation type were also relevant to social class,aligning with the previous literature.The PBSEMC is effective in improving the social classes of ethnic minorities.However,the PBSEMC policy should be made more precise,in order to benefit the candidates who are in genuine need of assistance.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to compare Korean and Mongol minorities in the People’s Republic of China in terms of their native language preservation and educational experiences at the higher education level,and to i...The purpose of this study is to compare Korean and Mongol minorities in the People’s Republic of China in terms of their native language preservation and educational experiences at the higher education level,and to investigate differences and similarities between Korean and Mongol minorities’language issues.Content area experts on Chinese minority education from China,South Korea,and the United States were interviewed for this study.Findings include suggestions for helping to formulate government educational policies regarding issues related to language in Chinese minority education at the higher education level.This information is helpful to better understand and educate others in school and home settings where Chinese ethnic minority students reside.The advancement of Chinese minority education knowledge related to higher education will significantly strengthen and empower individuals,families,and communities throughout the People’s Republic of China.展开更多
Minority language literacy is an important issue in national education policy for any multi-nationality country.China sticks to the policy of safeguarding the rights and interests of ethnic minority groups to use thei...Minority language literacy is an important issue in national education policy for any multi-nationality country.China sticks to the policy of safeguarding the rights and interests of ethnic minority groups to use their own languages and writing systems.In education,considering communications among different nationalities and the development of minority ethnic groups,a bilingual education policy is being implemented by insisting on teaching students in their own ethnic languages;when the mastery of their own languages has been achieved,bilingual teaching will be employed.There are three types of bilingual teaching for minority ethnic groups:teaching in their own languages,with Mandarin Chinese added;teaching in Mandarin Chinese,with minority languages added;teaching both in Mandarin Chinese and in minority languages.The biggest problems to be solved in implementing bilingual education in ethnic minority regions are the editing of language textbooks and supporting materials for minority ethnic groups and the training of ethnic minority teachers.展开更多
The level of development of higher education(HE)is an important indicator to measure the development of the social economy and the civilization of a region or country.In this article,we compare the distribution of the...The level of development of higher education(HE)is an important indicator to measure the development of the social economy and the civilization of a region or country.In this article,we compare the distribution of the freshmen of ethnic minorities(EMs)with the distribution of EMs over the population,based on a sample of 1464 freshmen from 25 EMs of Yunnan Province in People's Republic of China(PRC).Although this analysis shows that access to HE is equal for some categories of EM students,it still shows that access to HE is harder for these minorities in comparison with freshmen from Han(major ethnic group comprising of 92%of the Chinese population)families.展开更多
Research on minority representation in academia has not receive serious scholarly attention until recently, apparently due to the belief that academia is a paragon of liberalism, openness and equal opportunity, howeve...Research on minority representation in academia has not receive serious scholarly attention until recently, apparently due to the belief that academia is a paragon of liberalism, openness and equal opportunity, however, the few studies that were conducted have completely contradicted this assumption. This paper deals with the representation of Arab citizens in Israel＇s academia, universities in particular. The StudyI explores the representation/sub-representation of Arabcitizens in three main areas： The percentage of Arab students （from the BA to the Doctoral level）; representation in faculties; and representation on permanent administrative staff. The paper offers up-to-date and precise data, which we received from the academic institutions themselves, and tries to lay the infrastructure for a broader and more in-depth study, which will deal with the barriers facing Arab citizens in Israeli universities.展开更多
The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the influence of selected cultural and adventure initiatives on the perception and experiences of group cohesion in a multicultural higher education institution. ...The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the influence of selected cultural and adventure initiatives on the perception and experiences of group cohesion in a multicultural higher education institution. After a 3-day camp, rich qualitative data f^om students （n = 120） were gathered through focus group discussions and PowerPoint presentations. Using ATLAS.ti, four themes emerged： positive attitude and behaviour, maintaining group level, self-maintaining, and membership attraction and attachment. The findings revealed positive experiences among the participants. It is recommended that follow-up interventions should follow to ensure sustainability.展开更多
基金supported by National Social Science Foundation(21BZZ021).
文摘Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China.In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao,the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minority Candidates(PBSEMC)has been issued,whose,however,effectiveness in promoting upward social class has not been adequately empirically explored.The difference-in-differences(DID)analysis based on cross-sectional data,which is distinct from the traditional DID analysis paradigm,was implemented to assess the Reform of PBSEMC in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1988.The results showed that PBSEMC had a significant and positive impact on the social classes of ethnic minorities,and gender,residence type and occupation type were also relevant to social class,aligning with the previous literature.The PBSEMC is effective in improving the social classes of ethnic minorities.However,the PBSEMC policy should be made more precise,in order to benefit the candidates who are in genuine need of assistance.
基金This paper is primarily based on the findings of the Ethnic Minority Trends in Chinese Higher Education Project,which is housed at the University of Pittsburgh Institute for International Studies in Education.
文摘The purpose of this study is to compare Korean and Mongol minorities in the People’s Republic of China in terms of their native language preservation and educational experiences at the higher education level,and to investigate differences and similarities between Korean and Mongol minorities’language issues.Content area experts on Chinese minority education from China,South Korea,and the United States were interviewed for this study.Findings include suggestions for helping to formulate government educational policies regarding issues related to language in Chinese minority education at the higher education level.This information is helpful to better understand and educate others in school and home settings where Chinese ethnic minority students reside.The advancement of Chinese minority education knowledge related to higher education will significantly strengthen and empower individuals,families,and communities throughout the People’s Republic of China.
基金This study is funded by 2010 National Science Education Programs(No.ADA100008).The author is grateful for the translation by Dr.Yao Zhenjun.
文摘Minority language literacy is an important issue in national education policy for any multi-nationality country.China sticks to the policy of safeguarding the rights and interests of ethnic minority groups to use their own languages and writing systems.In education,considering communications among different nationalities and the development of minority ethnic groups,a bilingual education policy is being implemented by insisting on teaching students in their own ethnic languages;when the mastery of their own languages has been achieved,bilingual teaching will be employed.There are three types of bilingual teaching for minority ethnic groups:teaching in their own languages,with Mandarin Chinese added;teaching in Mandarin Chinese,with minority languages added;teaching both in Mandarin Chinese and in minority languages.The biggest problems to be solved in implementing bilingual education in ethnic minority regions are the editing of language textbooks and supporting materials for minority ethnic groups and the training of ethnic minority teachers.
基金the National Philosophy Social Science Planning Leading Office in China who supported the National Fund Projects of Social Sciences titled“Difference Research on Demand for Higher Education by Ethnic Minority Students:A Case Study of 25 Indigenous Ethnic Minorities in Yunnan Province”(authorized in 2008 with the code of 08BMZ036).
文摘The level of development of higher education(HE)is an important indicator to measure the development of the social economy and the civilization of a region or country.In this article,we compare the distribution of the freshmen of ethnic minorities(EMs)with the distribution of EMs over the population,based on a sample of 1464 freshmen from 25 EMs of Yunnan Province in People's Republic of China(PRC).Although this analysis shows that access to HE is equal for some categories of EM students,it still shows that access to HE is harder for these minorities in comparison with freshmen from Han(major ethnic group comprising of 92%of the Chinese population)families.
文摘Research on minority representation in academia has not receive serious scholarly attention until recently, apparently due to the belief that academia is a paragon of liberalism, openness and equal opportunity, however, the few studies that were conducted have completely contradicted this assumption. This paper deals with the representation of Arab citizens in Israel＇s academia, universities in particular. The StudyI explores the representation/sub-representation of Arabcitizens in three main areas： The percentage of Arab students （from the BA to the Doctoral level）; representation in faculties; and representation on permanent administrative staff. The paper offers up-to-date and precise data, which we received from the academic institutions themselves, and tries to lay the infrastructure for a broader and more in-depth study, which will deal with the barriers facing Arab citizens in Israeli universities.
文摘The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the influence of selected cultural and adventure initiatives on the perception and experiences of group cohesion in a multicultural higher education institution. After a 3-day camp, rich qualitative data f^om students （n = 120） were gathered through focus group discussions and PowerPoint presentations. Using ATLAS.ti, four themes emerged： positive attitude and behaviour, maintaining group level, self-maintaining, and membership attraction and attachment. The findings revealed positive experiences among the participants. It is recommended that follow-up interventions should follow to ensure sustainability.
