优质多抗恢复系桂恢581的选育与应用及优良等位基因鉴定

【目的】选育优质多抗恢复系桂恢581,并对优良等位基因进行鉴定,为利用异源四倍体小粒野生稻优良基因培育优质多抗水稻新品种提供参考。【方法】以IR24为母本,小粒野生稻为父本进行回交、自交,结合分子标记辅助选择及田间稻瘟病和稻飞虱抗性鉴定,从小粒野生稻渗入系中选育优良恢复系,再与华浙2A、丰田A、天丰A和龙丰A等不育系测交配组测定桂恢581的恢复能力。利用五引物扩增受阻突变体系(PARMS)技术检测桂恢581、华浙2A和华浙优581携带的主要病虫害抗性基因和稻米品质基因。【结果】获得371份小粒野生稻渗入系,从中筛选出农艺性状基本整齐一致的材料R981,经加代提纯选育出强优恢复系桂恢581,2018年获植物新品种权(品种权号:CNA20171712.4)。桂恢581的稻飞虱的抗性水平为3.7级,稻瘟病抗性综合指数为5.0,该恢复系所配组合表现株叶型好、结实率高、杂种优势强,其中华浙2A/桂恢581杂交组合因表现适应性强、生育期适中、长势繁茂、后期熟色好、产量高、米质优、抗性强而入选参试品种。2019-2020年华浙优581参加广西桂南稻作区感光晚籼组区域试验和生产试验,2022年6月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:桂审稻2022149号)。PARMS检测发现,桂恢581携带稻瘟病抗性基因Pi5、Pi54、Pib和Pia,稻米品质优良等位基因GS2、GS3、GS5、GL7、GW5和Chalk5;华浙2A携带稻瘟病抗性基因Pita、Pi54、Pib和Pi46,白叶枯病抗性基因Xa7,稻飞虱抗性基因Bph15,稻米品质基因GS2、GS3、GS5、GL7、GW5、fgr、ALK和Chalk5。【结论】利用小粒野生稻资源成功培育出桂恢581,其丰产性好,适应性广,抗逆性强,携带稻飞虱抗性新基因,可作为优质多抗的恢复系应用于杂交水稻育种中。华浙优581的成功选育不仅丰富了水稻品种的类型,也对我国野生稻资源的开发利用具有借鉴价值。

C57BL/6小鼠微小三毛滴虫的观察与种系发育分析

为鉴定从某外单位引进的C57BL/6小鼠粪样检测中发现的虫体种类,本试验对虫体进行形态学观察,并进行种系发育分析。取C57BL/6小鼠粪样涂片和瑞士染色后进行显微镜观察,提取粪样总DNA,根据三毛滴虫的16S rRNA进行PCR扩增后测序,运用MEGA11进行种系发育分析。显微镜观察发现,虫体符合微小三毛滴虫的形态学特征,测序发现微小三毛滴虫的基因序列与鼠三毛滴虫高度同源。

以皮肤改变、肌肉痛及关节痛表现起病的心房黏液瘤的病例分析及文献复习

目的探讨心房黏液瘤引起皮肤改变、关节、肌肉疼痛的机制。方法搜集2017年1月至2024年1月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院收治的表现关节痛、肌肉痛、皮肤改变的5例心房黏液瘤患者资料。并通过搜集Pubmed、web science等网站发表的以皮肤改变或关节痛或肌肉疼痛为特征表现的心房黏液瘤患者15例。对以上20例患者在病例及文章中给出的临床症状、化验、病理检查结果进行综合分析。结果20例患者中,男女比例1∶3,诊断年龄6~77岁,平均(43.59±19.97)岁;14例患者表现皮肤改变,5例起病表现为反复的关节疼痛,关节痛或皮肤改变合并肌肉痛6例。仅1例患者皮肤改变合并肌肉疼痛、关节痛。其中11例患者进行了皮肤活检,7例真皮血管内发现黏液瘤组织。9例患者出现明确的大血管栓塞事件包含脑血管、肺动脉、下肢近段大血管等。20例患者均经超声心动图检查明确诊断。其中19例行黏液瘤摘除术治疗,并完善病理检查确诊。1例因高龄拒绝手术,长期口服利伐沙班抗凝治疗。结论心房黏液瘤早期表现为皮肤改变、肌肉疼痛,可能是黏液瘤组织脱落栓塞至微小动脉所致。

糖宁孜亚比土斯片基于高糖人结直肠腺癌细胞模型对小克里斯滕森菌-TαMCA-FXR/TGR5轴的调控作用

目的探讨糖宁孜亚比土斯片(TZT)基于高糖人结直肠腺癌细胞模型对小克里斯滕森菌科-牛磺-α鼠胆酸钠盐(TαMCA)-法尼醇X受体(FXR)/G蛋白偶联受体5轴的调控作用。方法配制菌株液体培养基、高糖培养基、TZT溶液、TαMCA溶液,培养菌株,制备灭活小克里斯滕森菌及其发酵液,常规培养人结直肠腺癌细胞(Caco-2细胞)。取部分细胞随机分为对照组、灭活菌体组、106 CFU/mL活菌组、10^(7)CFU/mL活菌组、10^(8)CFU/mL活菌组、10^(9)CFU/mL活菌组,对照组用无菌Caco-2专用培养基培养,灭活菌体组用灭活小克里斯滕森菌菌体悬液干预,106 CFU/mL活菌组、10^(7)CFU/mL活菌组、10^(8)CFU/mL活菌组、10^(9)CFU/mL活菌组分别在含有完全分化的Caco-2细胞培养板孔中加入2 mL 10^(9)CFU、10^(8)CFU、10^(7)CFU、10^(6)CFU的小克里斯滕森菌活菌干预。取部分细胞随机分为对照组、发酵培养液组,对照组用无菌Caco-2专用培养基培养,发酵培养液组用小克里斯滕森菌发酵液干预。取部分细胞随机分为对照组、高糖组及TZT低、中、中高、高剂量组,除对照组外其他各组加入8 g/L高糖培养基干预24 h,TZT低、中、中高、高剂量组分别加入10、25、50、100μg/mL的TZT含药培养基干预24 h。取部分细胞随机分为对照组、25μmol/L TαMCA组、50μmol/L TαMCA组,后两组换入25、50μmol/L的含TαMCA培养基干预24 h。实时荧光定量PCR法检测FXR、TGR5、IL-8、IL-10 mRNA,Western blotting法检测FXR、TGR5蛋白。结果与对照组比较,10^(6)CFU/mL活菌组、10^(7)CFU/mL活菌组、10^(8)CFU/mL活菌组、10^(9)CFU/mL活菌组TGR5 mRNA表达高(P均<0.05),FXR、IL-8、IL-10 mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与对照组比较,菌发酵液组FXR mRNA表达高(P均<0.05),TGR5 mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与对照组比较,高糖组FXR mRNA表达高(P<0.05),TGR5 mRNA表达低(P<0.05),FXR、TGR5蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与高糖组比较,各TZT组FXR mRNA表达低(P均<0.05),TGR5 mRNA表达高(P均<0.05),FXR、TGR5蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与对照组比较,25μmol/L TαMCA组FXR mRNA、蛋白表达低(P均<0.05),TGR5 mRNA、蛋白表达高(P均<0.05);50μmol/L TαMCA组FXR蛋白表达低(P<0.05)。结论小克里斯滕森菌具有一定的抗炎效果,TZT可能通过促进小克里斯滕森菌的生长,产生代谢产物影响胆汁酸代谢,促进TαMCA肠道内累积,进一步抑制肠FXR表达,促进TGR5表达。

小车前(Plantago minuta Pall.)种子表面粘液物质的吸水特性及其对种子在干旱环境中萌发的影响

为了理解荒漠短命植物小车前(Plantago minuta Pall.)种子表面的粘液物质对种子在干旱环境中萌发的作用,在室内控制条件下研究了粘液物质的吸水保水特性、剥离粘液物质的种子(无粘液种子)和保留粘液物质的种子(粘液种子)在-1.15^-0.15MPa不同渗透胁迫条件下的萌发状况。结果表明:(1)小车前种子表面的粘液物质干重占粘液种子干重的5.6%;在去离子水中,粘液物质可以吸收相当于其自身干重217.1倍的水分;粘液物质的存在使得小车前种子的吸水倍数由2倍增加至14倍,从而保证为种子萌发提供充足的水分;(2)干燥的粘液种子吸水2h后即达到饱和,而吸水饱和后的粘液种子在室温下晾置,经过48h后又干燥失水恢复至原重;(3)在去离子水中或低渗透胁迫(-0.33^-0.15MPa)条件下,粘液物质吸水作用能促进小车前种子萌发,粘液种子3d的发芽势和10d的总萌发率均显著高于无粘液种子;在高渗透胁迫(-1.15^-0.73MPa)条件下,粘液种子3d的发芽势显著低于无粘液种子的,而10d的总萌发率与无粘液种子的没有显著差别,表明粘液物质在干旱条件下可能从种子而非外界环境中吸取水分,减缓了种子萌发速率。通过上述结果可以认为小车前种子表面的粘液物质在早春干湿交替剧烈的荒漠生境中起到通过调节水分来调节种子萌发的作用,这种萌发策略大大降低了因大批种子同时萌发导致幼苗受旱甚至种群灭亡的潜在风险。

海洋小红酵母H117利用高盐有机废弃物的特性分析

高盐有机废弃物属于难处理的污染物,为探究利用微生物处理高盐有机废弃物的可行性,本研究以海洋小红酵母H117为研究对象,经形态观察、生理生化、26S rRNA序列分析,确定为小红酵母(Rhodotorula minuta)。在此基础上,通过海洋小红酵母H117在高盐模拟有机废水、高盐酱油废水、高盐酱油残渣中培养后的菌落计数分析,发现其能耐受9%(m/v)盐浓度;以高盐酱油残渣为基料生长良好,最大活菌数为2.91×10^(9)cfu/mL,而在高盐酱油废水中菌落数目略少。本研究为海洋小红酵母H117转化高盐有机废弃物制备海水养殖用微生态制剂的深入研究提供了数据支撑。

基于AHP-DEMATEL法的外来入侵植物风险评估指标体系确立

通过对外来物种风险评估的影响因素进行对比和筛选,统筹指标体系的科学性、重要性、实用性和可移植性,选取决定风险产生的关键因素,构建外来植物风险评估的典型指标体系。从入侵性、适生性、扩散性、危害性4个纬度建立基于AHP-DEMATEL法的外来入侵植物风险度量数学模型,用以揭示因素之间的相互依赖关系,识别并量化因素之间的直接和间接影响,并利用构建的评估体系和生态位模型对印加孔雀草在中国的风险性进行分析。结果表明:经济危害、防除难度、国内重视程度、耐逆性是导致入侵植物风险性系数升高的重要因素,印加孔雀草在我国的综合风险评估值P为0.82,属于高度风险性有害植物,需要在适生区建立监测预警体系,阻截该植物的扩散蔓延,以保护生态环境和农业可持续发展。

小粒野生稻基因渗入系桂恢1561的有利基因鉴定和育种利用

挖掘野生稻有利基因对栽培稻进行遗传改良是当前水稻育种研究的热点。利用远缘杂交技术获得了小粒野生稻基因渗入系桂恢1561,通过农艺性状考查、配合力测定和稻飞虱抗性鉴定,确认桂恢1561粒大(32.2 g)、穗长(28.3 cm)、优质、兼抗褐飞虱(抗级2.5)和白背飞虱(抗级2.9)、配合力好,具有较高的育种价值。利用桂1025/桂恢1561构建的重组自交系和近等基因系对来自于桂恢1561的有利基因进行遗传定位,对PL9、GS12、Bph31(t)和Wbph9(t)等4个主效基因进行连锁分子标记开发;利用分子标记辅助育种技术将桂恢1561有利基因导入多个骨干亲本,创制出9个新的优质、多抗恢复系;进一步以桂恢1561及其衍生系作为恢复系选育出11个优势杂交稻组合,其中,华浙优1561和旱优711已通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定。

Development and Identification of Introgression Lines from Cross of Oryza sativa and Oryza minuta

Introgression line population is effectively used in mapping quantitative trait loci（QTLs）,identifying favorable genes,discovering hidden genetic variation,evaluating the action or interaction of QTLs in multiple conditions and providing the favorable experimental materials for plant breeding and genetic research.In this study,an advanced backcross and consecutive selfing strategy was used to develop introgression lines（ILs）,which derived from an accession of Oryza minuta（accession No.101133） with BBCC genome,as the donor,and an elite indica cultivar IR24（O.sativa）,as the recipient.Introgression segments from O.minuta were screened using 164 polymorphic simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers in the genome of each IL.Introgressed segments carried by 131 ILs covered the whole O.sativa genome.The average number of homozygous O.minuta segments per introgression line was about 9.99.The average length of introgressed segments was approximate 14.78 cM,and about 79.64% of these segments had sizes less than 20 cM.In the genome of each introgression line,the O.minuta chromosomal segments harbored chromosomal fragments of O.sativa ranging from 1.15% to 27.6%,with an overall average of 8.57%.At each locus,the ratio of substitution of O.minuta alleles had a range of 1.5% 25.2%,with an average of 8.3%.Based on the evaluation of the phenotype of these ILs,a wide range of alterations in morphological and yield-related traits were found.After inoculation,ILs 41,11 and 7 showed high resistance to bacterial blight,brown planthopper and whitebacked planthopper,respectively.These O.minuta-O.sativa ILs will serve as genetic materials for identifying and using favorable genes from O.minuta.

Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Tagetes minuta essential oil in activated macrophages

Objective:To investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Tagetes minuta(T.minuta)essential oil.Methods:In the present study T.minuta essential oil was obtained from leaves of T.minuta via hydro-distillation and then was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The antioxidant capacity of T.minuta essential oil was examined by measuring reactive oxygen,reactive nitrogen species and hydrogen peroxide scavenging.The anti-inflammatory activity of T.minuta essential oil was determined through measuring NADH oxidase,inducible nitric oxide synthase and TNF-αmRNA expression in lipopolysacharide-stimulated murine macrophages using realtime PCR.Results:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the main components in the T.minuta essential oil were dihydrotagetone(33.86%),E-ocimene(19.92%).tagetone(16.15%),cis-β-ocimene(7.94%),Z-ocimene(5.27%).limonene(3.1%)and epoxyocimene(2.03%).The T.minuta essential oil had the ability to scavenge all reactive oxygen/reactive nitrogen species radicals with IC_(50)12-15μg/mL,which indicated a potent radical scavenging activity.In addition,T.minuta essential oil significantly reduced NADH oxidase,inducible nitric oxide synthaseand TNF-αmRNA expression in the cells at concentrations of 50μg/mL,indicating a capacity of this product to potentially modulate/diminish immune responses.Conclusions:T.minuta essential oil has radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities and could potentially be used as a safe effective source of natural anti-oxidants in therapy against oxidative damage and stress associated with some inflammatory conditions.

Identification of Intergeneric Hybrid Plants Between Oryza sativa and O.minuta via GISH and RAPD

To transfer desirable resistance traits from O. minuta to O. sativa, intergeneric hybrid plants between O. sativa (AA, 2n=2X=24) and O. minuta (BBCC, 2n=4X=48) were produced by embryo rescue after sexual cross. Morphological observation and chromosome counts indicated their hybrid status (ABC, 2n=3X=36). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was further applied to confirm the parentage of the chromosomes of F 1 hybrids. Chromosomes of O. minuta and O. sativa were distinguishable in the hybrids in different fluorescence colors. GISH indicated that A and BC chromosomes were not randomly assembled in a cell. RAPD profiles unequivocally revealed their hybrids with double parent patterns. The results of blast tests showed that the hybrids had obtained disease resistance from O. minuta, and had a level of susceptibility between the parents.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved plant growth and nutrient acquisition of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta under variable soil water conditions

Desert ephemeral plants play an important role in desert ecosystem.Soil water availability is considered as the major restrictive factor limiting the growth of ephemeral plants.Moreover,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AM fungi） are widely reported to improve the growth of desert ephemerals.The present study aimed to test the hypothesis of that AM fungi could alleviate drought stress of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta,and AM fungal functions reduced with the improvement of soil water content.A pot experiment was carried out with three levels of soil water contents（4.5%,9.0%,and 15.8%（w/w））,and three AM inoculation treatments（Glomus mosseae,Glomus etunicatum and non-inoculation）.The results indicate that mycorrhizal colonization rate decreased with the increase of soil water availability.Inoculation improved plant growth and N,P and K acquisition in both shoots and roots regardless water treatments.When comparing the two fungi,plants inoculated with G.mosseae performed better than those inoculated with G.etunicatum in terms of plant growth and nutrient acquisition.These results showed that ameliorative soil water did not suppress arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal functions in improving growth and nutrient acquisition of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta.

Activity of Tagetes minuta Linnaeus(Asteraceae)essential oil against L3 Anisakis larvae type 1

Objective:To evaluate in vitro effects of Tagetes minuta L. essential oil(TEO) on L3 Anisakis larvae type 1. Methods:In order to evaluate the potential use of Tagetes minuta essential oil against L3 Anisakis larvae three different media were tested:1) a saline solution(SS); 2) an industrial marinating solution; 3) sunflower seeds oil(SO). For each media and concentrations of TEO(0.1%,0.5%,1.0% and 5.0% v/v),20 parasites were introduced into plastic Petri dishes(diameter 90 mm) and maintained at room temperature. As controls,larvae were maintained without TEO under identical experimental conditions in SS,MS and SO. A total of 900 larvae were tested. The normalized mean viability,LT100,LT50 and the percentage of inactivation at 24 hours were calculated. Results:In vitro tests revealed a complete inactivation of parasites in saline solution after 2 hours with 5% and 1% of TEO. In marinating solution,a complete inactivation of parasites was observed after 4 hours at all concentrations used. A slower activity for all TEO concentration was reported in SO. Conclusions:The results obtained,showing a strong activity against Anisakis larvae,confirm TEO as a larvicidal agent in the treatment of human anisakidosis and in the industrial marinating process.

Responses of <i>Marsilea minuta</i>L. to Cadmium Stress and Assessment of Some Oxidative Biomarkers

In a hydroponic based experiment, the Cd toxicity is monitored with some cellular responses of Marsilea plant. Initially, plants were grown under varying concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 μM of Cd) of cadmium (Cd) with supplementation of 2 mM spermidine (Spd). The oxidative stress developed by Cd overaccumulation was measured with fall in Relative Growth Rate (RGR) by 27.11% to 59.83% growth reduction over control under varying Cd treatments. The retrieval of RGR was recovered by 1.59 folds as compared to the highest concentration of Cd (200 μM) when plants were fed with Spd. A concomitant degradation of chlorophyll was recorded in dose-dependant manner, however, the retrieval was not much pronounced with Spd. On the contrary, the non-oxidant thiol had borne more clarity with ongoing Cd concentration and appeared to be 40.51% increase maximally for GSH: GSSG at the highest concentration of Cd. Spd has minimized the ratio by 27.4%. The recovery of osmotic turgidity was indexed with a sharp rise in glycine betaine by 3.86 folds maximum at the highest concentration of Cd over control which declined by 30.9% with Spd. Another cellular response of treated plants was more evident from their isozymic profiles with regard to superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX). The intensity of protein expression was significantly variable but not in band numbers as evident from Cd treated plants. In vitro enzyme assay of catalase showed as declining trend within the limit of 33.13% to 43.22% which was reported by 1.45 folds when Spd was applied. Therefore, from the present study, the cellular responses of Marsilea plant which showed compatibility for their expression with Cd toxicity could be hypothesized as a case of bioindication.

Resistance of Oryza minuta to Nilaparvata lugens (Stl)

Evaluation of O. minuta for the re-sistance to the brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stl)was carried out by using ModifiedSeedbox Screening Technique(MSST) . Based on the significtmtdifferences between O. minuta,E13-9, and the susceptible check

米奴塔睡莲对弱光环境的生理生化响应

[目的]探究米奴塔(Nymphaea minuta)睡莲对弱光环境的生理生化响应,为以米奴塔睡莲为代表的微小型热带睡莲种苗繁育和盆花生产管理提供理论依据。[方法]采用完全随机试验设计,搭建不同层数遮阳网,设置遮光率0(全光照对照,CK)、30%(轻度遮光)、50%(中度遮光)和70%(重度遮光)处理。处理120 d时测定各处理米奴塔睡莲的叶片数、叶干重和叶面积等生长指标,并在遮光30、60、90和120 d时测定各处理叶片的光合色素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量及初生代谢产物含量,分析不同遮光条件对米奴塔睡莲叶片生长状况、光合色素含量及初生代谢产物含量的影响。[结果]在遮光30~120 d期间,遮光率30%和50%处理米奴塔睡莲的平均叶面积、光合色素含量和可溶性蛋白含量与CK均无显著差异(P>0.05)。遮光120 d时,米奴塔睡莲的叶片数、平均叶干重、比叶重、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量均随着遮光率的增加而降低,总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a/b和类胡萝卜素含量均随着遮光率的增加而升高。与CK相比,遮光120 d时遮光率70%处理米奴塔睡莲的叶片数、平均叶干重和比叶重分别显著降低52.9%、81.3%和57.8%(P<0.05,下同),总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别显著升高108.7%、81.6%、237.5%和88.2%,叶绿素a/b显著降低39.1%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量分别显著降低43.4%、56.2%和53.2%。相关分析结果表明,米奴塔睡莲的叶片数和平均叶干重与可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),平均叶干重与总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量呈极显著负相关。[结论]米奴塔睡莲在遮光率为30%和50%的轻、中度遮光环境下生长状况良好,表现出良好的光适应性反应和调节能力,这2种遮光方式可在微小型热带睡莲品种种苗繁育和盆花生产管理中参考应用。

小粒野生稻内生细菌的分离鉴定和促生功能分析

小粒野生稻(Oryza minuta)是具有良好生物和非生物胁迫抗性的野生稻资源,挖掘小粒野生稻促生相关内生细菌可为其微生态研究和菌肥开发提供参考信息。本研究对小粒野生稻的根、茎和叶进行内生细菌分离,共获得85个菌株。通过促生功能分析发现,43株内生细菌具有溶磷能力,19株具有固氮作用,29株产铁载体,13株产吲哚乙酸。分离自根部的OMR2-3菌株和叶部的OML3-4菌株具有较高吲哚乙酸分泌能力,分别为17.22 mg/L和16.59 mg/L。形态学和分子鉴定显示,OMR2-3菌株和OML3-4菌株分别为阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)和路德维希肠杆菌(Enterobacter ludwigii)。通过温室促生效果测定发现,2个菌株对多年生稻粳型品种PR23和籼型品种云大107具有显著促生效果,可以不同程度促进多年生稻幼苗的株高、根长、鲜质量、叶绿素和氮素含量。以上结果说明,小粒野生稻蕴含丰富的促生相关内生细菌资源,从中筛选到的内生阴沟肠杆菌OMR2-3菌株和路德维希肠杆菌OML3-4菌株具有开发成为多年生稻生物微生物菌肥的潜力,有助于多年生稻绿色轻简化的生产模式。

印加孔雀草资源开发利用综述

由于印加孔雀草精油等提取物表现出潜在生物活性,国际市场对其需求正快速增长。查阅文献资料发现国外对该植物有较长的利用史,精油等提取物的研究也较为成熟。但我国暂认定该物种为入侵种,研究时间短,主要集中在入侵生态学方面,尚不完善,特别是入侵防控方面。全球化背景下,倡导转变对该物种入侵的消除控制策略,发展有益一面,灵活运用好入侵这把“双刃剑”。本文主要综述了印加孔雀草提取物在香料、食品、化妆品、医疗、生物农药等方面的经济价值,建议将该植物在中国未来资源化开发的重点落实在挖掘其香料、化妆品原料和生物农药价值上。

印加孔雀草挥发油化学成分及生物活性研究进展

印加孔雀草为菊科万寿菊属外来入侵植物,富含单萜、倍半萜类挥发油,具有抑菌、杀虫、抗氧化、抗病毒及抗肿瘤等生物活性,在工业、农业、畜牧业、医疗及公共卫生等领域均有良好的应用前景。研究发现,采集地点、采集部位的不同都会直接影响印加孔雀草挥发油的化学成分组成及其相对百分含量,从而影响其生物活性。基于此,综合国内外研究报道,系统梳理不同来源的印加孔雀草挥发油的化学成分及药理活性,以期为印加孔雀草野生植物资源的综合开发和利用提供借鉴。

水稻孕穗期茎注射野生稻DNA变异株系的RAPD分析

利用野生稻有利基因是培育超高产栽培稻 ( Oryza sativa L,2 n=2 4 AA染色体组型 )的主要技术路线之一。本研究通过穗茎注射法将小粒野生稻 O.minuta( 2 n =4 x=4 8,BBCC染色体组型 )总DNA导入杂交稻当家亲本 V2 0 B,获得了变异株的 3个高世代株系 ;用 RAPD方法对上述 3个株系、供、受体及对照品种明恢 63共 6个材料进行了多态性研究分析。所用 83个 Operon引物均在小粒野生稻与V2 0 B间扩增出多态性产物 ,二者相似系数仅为 2 6.7% ,而明恢 63与 V2 0 B二者的相似系数达 90 .5%。83个引物中有 15个引物在变异株第 7代株系 97C- 77与受体 V2 0 B间扩增出的产物存在差异 ,差异带共有 2 6条 ,占 83个引物在 V2 0 B中扩增出的带数 397的 6.6%。其中 OPB- 18、OPD- 0 3、OPE- 0 9、OPE- 18、OPG- 10及 OPG- 11等 6个引物在 97C- 77中各扩增出 1条只在供体中存在而在受体中不存在的特异带。 2 6条差异带中的 2 4条在共第 3代祖先的第 9代 2个株系 98C- 10 7、 98C- 165与 97C- 77间无差异。因此 ,绝大多数 DNA水平上的变异可能从第 3代起稳定遗传 ;研究结果从 DNA水平证明 ,变异株系中导入了野生稻 DNA,导入野生稻