A Case of Lautropia mirabilis Infection in a Lung Transplant Patient and a Review of the Literature

Lautropia mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen that typically causes intestinal and oral infections when the body’s immune system is compromised or the microbial flora is imbalanced.Respiratory infections caused by Lautropia mirabilis are extremely rare.The symptoms and severity of Lautropia mirabilis infection may vary depending on individual differences and the site of infection.Through a review of relevant literature and this case study,it has been observed that Lautropia mirabilis may also cause pulmonary infectious diseases,and in immunocompromised patients,it can lead to severe infections,potentially resulting in death.

A Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Proteus mirabilis

Objective A core genome multilocus sequence typing(cgMLST)scheme to genotype and identify potential risk clonal groups(CGs)in Proteus mirabilis.Methods In this work,we propose a publicly available cgMLST scheme for P.mirabilis using chew BBACA.In total 72 complete P.mirabilis genomes,representing the diversity of this species,were used to set up a cgMLST scheme targeting 1,842 genes,635 unfinished(contig,chromosome,and scaffold)genomes were used for its validation.Results We identified a total of 205 CGs from 695 P.mirabilis strains with regional distribution characteristics.Of these,159 unique CGs were distributed in 16 countries.CG20 and CG3 carried large numbers of shared and unique antibiotic resistance genes.Nine virulence genes(papC,papD,papE,papF,papG,papH,papI,papJ,and papK)related to the P fimbrial operon that cause severe urinary tract infections were only found in CG20.These CGs require attention due to potential risks.Conclusion This research innovatively performs high-resolution molecular typing of P.mirabilis using whole-genome sequencing technology combined with a bioinformatics pipeline(chewBBACA).We found that the CGs of P.mirabilis showed regional distribution differences.We expect that our research will contribute to the establishment of cgMLST for P.mirabilis.

Compatibility Rules of Prescriptions of Tibetan Medicinal Material Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heimerl Based on Data Mining

[Objectives]To study the prescription compatibility rules of the Tibetan medicinal material Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heimerl(Himalayan purple jasmine)based on data mining,and to provide reference for clinical application and new drug development.[Methods]The literature data were collected and the prescriptions containing Himalayan purple jasmine were sorted and classified by Microsoft Excel 2019 software.The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing System(TCMICS 3.0)was used to statistically analyze the high-frequency drugs and core drug combinations,the frequency of disease treatment,and the rules of"tastes transforming flavors"of drugs.The FP-tree algorithm was used to analyze the association rules among various Tibetan medicinal materials in the prescriptions,and different supports were set to analyze the compatibility rules of the prescriptions.[Results]There were a total of 129 prescriptions containing Himalayan purple jasmine,297 medicinal materials used in combination with it,and 34 Tibetan medicinal materials with a frequency of≥15.The medicinal flavors were mostly sweet,bitter,and pungent.Among the three flavors,bitterness and sweetness were the majority.At the same time,the medicinal properties were blunt,soft,cool,and warm.A total of 130 kinds of diseases were involved,among which 8 kinds of diseases such as gynecology,kidney cold and yellow water disease had a high frequency.Through association rule analysis,33 commonly used core drug combinations were obtained.The support,confidence,and frequency of the five drug combinations[Jili(Tribuli Fructus),Huangjing(Polygonati Rhizoma),Tianmendong(Root of Cochinchinese Asparagus),and Tibetan Aoruqin(Vicatia coniifolia)]→Himalayan purple jasmine were the basic prescription of Tibetan medicine Wudagen Powder.The drug combinations with higher confidence included Bibo(Piperis Longi Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Pomegranate(Punica granatum→Himalayan purple jasmine,Baidoukou(Round Cardamom Fruit)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Hezi(Chebulae Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine.Jili(Tribuli Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Huangjing(Polygonati Rhizoma)→Himalayan purple jasmine and Tianmendong(Root of Cochinchinese Asparagus)→Himalayan purple jasmine had highest frequency.[Conclusions]Through the TCMICS,this paper analyzed the compatibility rules of commonly used drugs containing Himalayan purple jasmine and the characteristics of the main diseases.It can be seen that Himalayan purple jasmine is sweet in taste and warm in nature.It assists sovereign drugs in the form of ministerial drugs,which enhances the effect of regulating"long"and nourishing,and plays the role of regulating"long",dispelling cold,and reconciling various drugs,which embodies the compatibility rules of sovereign and ministerial drugs of Tibetan medicines.The main diseases of Himalayan purple jasmine are related to"long"regulation,and it is mostly used in the treatment of gynecological diseases after being combined with other drugs to form a prescription.Most drugs in the prescriptions are sweet,which is the therapeutic principle of regulating"long"and nourishing,and verifies the scientific and rational principle of clinical use of Tibetan medicine.In the prescription,the medicinal properties include both warm and cool,and the medicinal taste is sweet and bitter,which is in line with the compatibility theory of"tastes transforming flavors"in traditional Tibetan medicine prescriptions.

Phenotypic and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies of Proteus mirabilis Isolates from Fresh Water Fishes in FCT, Abuja-Nigeria

Our study was carried out to determine the phenotypic characterization antimicrobial susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis from fish in FCT, Abuja using isolation, selective plating, preliminary observation, complete biochemical method and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The biochemical tests conducted includes include Citrate Utilization test, Triple Sugar Iron test, Urea test, Methyl Red test, Indole test, and Voges Proskauer test. The isolates were confirmed by MicrobactTMGNB24E identification kit (Oxiod, UK). A total of 400 fish samples were bought in the market from three area council of the FCT. The result of the study showed overall prevalence rate of (13) 3.25% of Proteus mirabilis isolates. Distribution based on Area councils showed that AMAC had higher prevalence rate of 4.81%, while Bwari had 2.99% and Gwagwalada with 2.57% prevalence. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the modified single disc diffusion method. From the antimicrobial susceptibility testing done it was discovered that Proteus mirabilis are resistant to Amoxyclav (100%), Erythromycin (92.3%), Tetracycline (92.3%) and Ceftriaxone (23.1%). However, the isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin (100%), Netillin (92.3%), Levofloxacin (92.3%), Ceftazidime (76.9%), Co-trimoxazole (69.2%) and Gentamicin (61.5%). Since Proteus mirabilis sources of zoonotic diseases and can potentially be dangerous to humans and other animals, our research was able to isolate it from fresh water fish sold in the Federal Capital Territory. This makes public health awareness of the risks associated with Proteus mirabilis in Nigeria necessary.

奇异变形杆菌Proteus mirabilis A57对Cr(Ⅵ)污染的生物修复研究

自铬污染工业废水中分离得到若干株Cr(Ⅵ)耐受菌株,并通过对比各耐受菌株MIC(最小抑菌浓度)以及去除效率,确定实验菌株A57。通过形态学、生理生化鉴定结合16SrDNA序列比对分析,鉴定为奇异变形杆菌Proteus mirabilis A57。生物修复试验结果表明, P. mirabilis在100 mg·L^(-1)的Cr(Ⅵ)浓度下即有较高的Cr(Ⅵ)去除能力, 28℃下培养24 h总去除率为44.79%。进一步的条件优化实验表明, P. mirabilis在最佳培养条件下(30℃,初始pH7.0),42 h可将150mg·L^(-1)的Cr(Ⅵ)完全去除。不同组分试验结果显示,菌株A57的菌体可以更有效地去除Cr(Ⅵ)(相对于上清液和细胞裂解物)。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)试验观察到细胞表面形成不规则非晶态物质,表明Cr(Ⅵ)的生物修复反应主要发生在细菌细胞表面,XPS结果证实了生物还原反应的发生,菌体表面Cr元素存在形式主要为Cr(OH)3及CrCl3。

一株孔雀源奇异变形杆菌全基因组测序及毒力与耐药性分析

【目的】试验旨在了解分离自蓝孔雀的奇异变形杆菌PM19的毒力、耐药性以及基因组特征。【方法】采用动物试验、药敏试验和PCR方法对分离菌进行毒力、耐药性以及毒力基因检测,并运用Illumina NovaSeq6000平台进行基因组框架图测序,通过NR、KEGG、Swiss-Prot、COG、PHI-base、CAZy、CARD和VFDB数据库进行功能基因注释以及病原宿主互作用蛋白、碳水化合物活性酶、耐药基因和毒力因子预测分析。【结果】分离菌PM19为多重耐药菌,对受试的氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、环丙沙星、四环素、强力霉素、磺胺嘧啶钠、替米考星、氟苯尼考和氯霉素共14种抗菌药物全部耐药。分离菌具有较强毒力,对小鼠半数致死量为6.19×10^(6)CFU。FliL、zapA、rsmA、hmpA、mrpA、atfA、pmfA和ureC共8种毒力基因在该菌中被检测到。全基因组测序分析显示,该菌基因组大小约为3.98 Mb,GC含量为38.94%,预测到3715个编码基因。PHI-base数据库注释出158个与病原宿主互作用有关的蛋白基因;CAZy数据库注释出101个碳水化合物活性酶基因;通过CARD数据库和VFDB数据库分别注释到92个耐药基因和8类毒力相关基因。【结论】奇异变形杆菌PM19菌株具有较强毒力且为多重耐药菌株,携带大量病原宿主互作用蛋白基因、碳水化合物活性酶基因、耐药基因及毒力基因。

冀北地区致犊牛腹泻奇异变形杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性研究

为鉴定冀北地区养殖场中引起犊牛腹泻的病原菌,本实验于2021年~2023年采集冀北地区养殖场中患腹泻病奶肉犊牛的肛拭子、粪便及肝脏等病料样品247份,采用细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化鉴定和ureR基因的PCR扩增等方法进行细菌的分离鉴定,结果显示,从采集的247份患腹泻病的奶肉犊牛病料样品中分离并鉴定到102株奇异变形杆菌(PM)。将分离菌人工感染小鼠(0.20 m L/只,含菌量为108cfu/mL),检测PM对小鼠的致病性。结果显示其中72株PM引起小鼠发病与死亡,为致病性PM,小鼠的死亡率在40%~100%。采用PCR方法及K-B药敏纸片法分别检测分离菌的毒力基因、相关耐药基因及耐药性,采用SPSS19软件中的Fisher确切概率法分析PM耐药表型与相关耐药基因之间的相关性。结果显示,毒力基因fliL、zapA、pmf A、atfA、rsb A、ureC、atfC在72株致病性PM中的检出率在63.4%~100%,其他毒力基因的检出率在2.7%~8.1%;72株致病性PM对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、安普霉素等12种药物耐药的菌株占51.4%以上,对其他药物耐药的菌株占6.9%~33.3%,均呈多重耐药性(MDR),且至少耐3类药物;72株致病性PM的β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaOXA、blaCTX-M、blaTEM,磺胺类耐药基因Sul1、Sul2、Sul3,氨基糖苷类耐药基因adA、aac(6’)-Ib,四环素类耐药基因TetA、TetM的检出率在43.2%~98.6%,其他耐药基因检出率在4.2%~33.3%,其耐药表型与耐药基因型之间基本呈正相关(除多粘菌素类和大环内酯类药物外)。本研究为致奶肉犊牛腹泻的奇异变形杆菌病的防控提供了参考。

家兔奇异变形杆菌的分离鉴定及致病性分析

为探究河南省某规模化兔场暴发的以精神萎靡、腹泻为主要症状的疾病病原,本实验随机选取6只病死兔剖检并观察其各组织剖检病变后,通过四区划线法分离纯化并增菌培养后,分别于普通琼脂培养基、血琼脂培养基和麦康凯琼脂培养基培养,并对分离菌进行疑似病原菌的PCR鉴定、球虫检测、生化鉴定、16S r RNA基因的PCR扩增、测序和序列分析,构建分离菌16S r RNA基因的进化树,进一步确定病原菌。剖检观察可见病死兔肾脏呈土黄色、肝脏肿大有出血点、胸腺出血、脾脏萎缩呈深褐色、肺脏发白且有散在出血点等。疑似病原菌的鉴定结果显示,大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、魏氏梭菌、沙门氏菌、波氏杆菌及球虫均呈阴性,且通过细菌的分离培养、16S r RNA基因的PCR扩增、测序并构建系统进化树,进一步确定引起该兔场发病的病原菌为奇异变形杆菌,并将其命名为HN001株。通过PCR检测该菌携带的毒力基因,并采集病死兔肝、肾、肠等病变组织制作病理切片,观察其病理变化。将HN001株以1011cfu/mL感染家兔,一周后剖杀,观察各组兔的剖检病变,并再次从兔的内脏分离并鉴定病原菌。毒力基因的PCR检测结果显示,HN001菌株中鞭毛基因FliL和菌毛结构亚单位基因Mrp A均为阳性,溶血素基因Hpm A、金属蛋白酶结构亚单位基因ZapA和“雾蔓”菌毛迁移能力的调控基因Rsb A均为阴性。组织病理学结果显示,病死兔肾、肝、胸腺、脾、肺脏和空肠组织均损伤严重,主要表现为炎性细胞浸润、散在分布部分红细胞等病理变化。家兔致病性试验结果显示,该病原菌感染兔后出现与自然感染兔类似的症状和脏器的剖检症状,但病变程度与自然感染兔相比较轻。且从病兔体内再次分离到与感染菌相同的菌株,表明奇异变形杆菌为该兔场暴发疾病的病原菌。本研究为兔奇异变形杆菌病的防控提供参考依据。

bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌的多重耐药特征

【目的】研究bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌的多重耐药特征,并分析菌株CY32全基因组序列结构。【方法】对5株bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌进行氟苯尼考和质粒介导氟喹诺酮类耐药基因检测、接合试验和bla_(CMY-2)基因的Southern杂交定位,对其中一株菌CY32进行全基因测序和生物信息学分析。【结果】5株奇异变形杆菌携带的bla_(CMY-2)位于染色体,其中,菌株CY12、CY32、S31和S52携带floR,菌株CY12和CY32携带qnrD。CY32的染色体同时含有SXT/R391型整合性接合元件(integrative and conjugative elements,ICEs)(ICEPmiJpn1)和PmGRI1共2种耐药基因岛。ICEs的可变区包含2个串联的复合型转座子(IS10构成),其中一个复合型转座子携带bla_(CMY-2);CY32的PmGRI1耐药岛含有12个耐药基因。与其他奇异变形杆菌携带的PmGRI1相比,多重耐药区差异最大的区域位于Tn21转座子。此外,CY32包含2个质粒,包括携带floR的IncQ质粒和携带qnrD的非接合质粒。奇异变形杆菌CY32携带15个耐药基因,呈现多重耐药的特性。【结论】奇异变形杆菌经基因岛和质粒获得多重耐药,使治疗奇异变形杆菌感染变得更加困难,应加强对动物源奇异变形杆菌耐药性监测。

紫茉莉种子中对草地贪夜蛾的杀虫活性成分及杀虫机制

为了研究紫茉莉种子中对草地贪夜蛾的杀虫活性成分,对紫茉莉种子石油醚萃取物进行硅胶柱层析分离和气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析,采用浸虫法测定各馏分及化学成分对草地贪夜蛾的杀虫活性。结果表明,采用硅胶柱层析法分离紫茉莉种子石油醚萃取物,共得到20个馏分,其中馏分2对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的校正死亡率最高,第7 d时为82.00%。经GC-MS分析,馏分2的主要化学成分为十三烷(9.59%)、亚油酸乙酯(51.14%)和油酸乙酯(34.26%)。这3种化学成分对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫处理后第7 d,LC_(50)分别为15.06 mg/ml、5.70 mg/ml和18.42 mg/ml,亚油酸乙酯的杀虫活性最好。随亚油酸乙酯质量浓度的增加,乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性呈现先抑制后激活再抑制的趋势,羧酸酯酶(CarE)活性呈现先抑制后激活的趋势,Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATP酶活性呈现先激活后抑制的趋势。综上,紫茉莉种子石油醚萃取物中杀虫活性最好的化合物为亚油酸乙酯,可为新型植物源杀虫剂的开发利用提供理论依据。

新疆部分地区羊腹泻的情况调查及病原菌的分离鉴定

为了解新疆部分地区羊腹泻的发病情况及携带的病原菌,从新疆阿克苏、喀什、乌鲁木齐、伊犁部分地区的8个规模化羊场和部分养羊户家中共采集301份羊的肛拭子进行细菌的分离鉴定,通过选择培养、革兰氏染色镜检及PCR鉴定,共分离出294株大肠埃希氏菌,分离率为97.6%,87株奇异变形杆菌,分离率为28.9%,50株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离率为16.6%,未分离出沙门氏菌。混合感染占比为1.3%~28.9%,其中30例出现金黄色葡萄球菌-大肠埃希氏菌-奇异变形杆菌的混合感染,4例出现金黄色葡萄球菌-大肠埃希氏菌-奇异变形杆菌-肠杆菌的混合感染。调查结果显示,腹泻在羊养殖场中的发病率占22%~30.8%,其他疾病占0~29.7%,研究结果表明腹泻是新疆部分地区羊养殖场高发疾病之一,且大肠埃希氏菌、肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在新疆部分地区羊腹泻中较为常见,细菌性腹泻严重影响该地区羊养殖业的可持续发展,为此应引起重视。研究结果可为该地区羊腹泻的预防和治疗提供参考依据。

入侵植物紫茉莉的传粉生态学

入侵植物的繁殖策略是理解物种入侵机制的重要组成部分。紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa)是中国常见的外来入侵植物,在北方城市园林中广泛应用。以河北省张家口市为例,对紫茉莉的花部性状、开花动态、杂交指数、花粉-胚珠比、传粉生物、套袋试验等方面开展研究。结果表明,紫茉莉的交配方式为自交和异交共存,具有自交亲和性,偶尔需要传粉者。较高的环境温度可能影响紫茉莉的结实率。当前入侵阶段紫茉莉以自交为主,但交配系统是否发生转变受物种的入侵阶段和所处环境影响,紫茉莉的灵活交配机制可能是其在北方城市入侵成功的重要因素。这为从传粉生态学角度研究紫茉莉入侵机制和控制方法提供了参考。

兔源大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌和球虫混合感染及药物敏感性分析

旨在确定引起河南某规模化兔场病死兔发病的病原及其药物敏感性。本研究对河南某规模化兔场中病死兔进行剖检并采集3份病死兔病料组织,通过问诊,结合发病情况、临床表现、剖检变化、细菌的分离培养、生化试验、16S rRNA PCR鉴定、构建系统进化树和药敏试验,确定引起该兔场发病的病原及其药物敏感性。结果显示,经细菌分离培养得到2株大小不等的革兰阴性短杆菌(分别命名为LY-01和LY-02株),其分别符合大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的生化特性。经PCR鉴定发现,LY-01和LY-02的16S rRNA基因序列片段大小分别为833 bp和1500 bp。经同源比对分析发现LY-01与OR717622.1同源性为99.88%;LY-02与CP042907.1同源性为99.93%。经球虫检查发现,其粪便中存在大量球虫卵,其OPG值分别为0.64×10^(4)、0.62×10^(4)和0.68×10^(4),均达到肠球虫感染标准。药敏试验结果显示,分离得到的大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌同时对青霉素和头孢曲松敏感。综上,本研究为家兔养殖过程中大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌和球虫混合感染的防治提供了理论依据。

20味中药体外抑制奇异变形杆菌的研究

为探讨诃子、薄荷、黄连等20味中药提取物对犊牛腹泻粪便样本中分离鉴定的奇异变形杆菌的抑制效果。用水煮法分别提取中药有效成分,通过微量二倍稀释法分别测定各中药提取物对奇异变形杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),用棋盘法、时间杀菌-曲线绘制法测定中药提取物对奇异变形杆菌的联合抑菌效果。结果显示,诃子、薄荷、黄连、艾叶、金银花、知母、五倍子的抑菌效果明显,MIC值为3.9~62.5 mg/mL,MBC值为3.9~125 mg/mL;其中诃子与薄荷联用,表现协同作用;诃子和黄连、金银花、艾叶、五倍子联用,均表现相加作用;诃子和知母联用,表现无关作用。结果提示,诃子与不同中药组合能起到不同抑菌效果,为临床奇异变形杆菌引发的疾病治疗用药提供了参考。

施肥和覆膜对喜马拉雅紫茉莉(Mirabilis himalaica)根部表型特征的影响

为研究不同施肥水平及覆膜对喜马拉雅紫茉莉根部特征的影响,以便解决喜马拉雅紫茉莉的优质高产栽培技术,以喜马拉雅紫茉莉为试验材料,采用2因素有重复随机区组设计。研究结果表明,当栽培处理为A2B2,喜马拉雅紫茉莉的根鲜重、根长、根茎粗达最大,分别为39.3g/株,20.2cm/株,1.8cm/株。2种处理对喜马拉雅紫茉莉根部特征的影响差异均未达到显著水平,但是对根鲜重来说,覆膜方式对其影响相对较大;对根茎粗、根长来说,施肥水平对其影响相对较大。

4种鸭源细菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解重庆市潼南区鸭场细菌性感染情况,从不同鸭场收集15只病鸭,剖检并无菌取其大脑进行细菌分离,对分离的细菌进行体外培养、革兰氏染色、16S rDNA鉴定以及耐药性分析。结果显示,剖检可见鸭体腔内有严重黄白色纤维素性渗出,心脏与肝脏表面均有一层黄白色纤维素性假膜;从15只病鸭中共分离出4种5株细菌,1株沙门氏菌、1株奇异变形杆菌、1株葡萄球菌和2株大肠埃希氏菌;4种细菌均表现出了不同程度的多重耐药性,其中沙门氏菌多重耐药现象最为严重,表现为11重耐药性。说明实际临床中养鸭场细菌性感染情况复杂,应加强鸭细菌性疾病相关防治措施。

两株代谢咖啡酸人肠道来源菌株的筛选、鉴定及其代谢过程初探

为了探索咖啡酸的体内代谢过程,本研究从人体肠道粪便中分离筛选出2株能代谢咖啡酸的菌株,通过细胞形态、16S rDNA序列和系统发育树分析了其菌株特征,并研究了两株菌株代谢咖啡酸过程中的细菌总数和pH变化,最后采用薄层层析法和高效液相色谱法对代谢产物进行确定,阐明咖啡酸代谢过程。结果表明,2株菌分别为腐生葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus xylosus)和奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis)。腐生葡萄球菌代谢咖啡酸含量从0.539 mg/mL在6 h后降至0.087 mg/mL,12 h后完全被代谢。而奇异变形杆菌,在6 h后咖啡酸含量从0.543 mg/mL降至0.352 mg/mL,24 h后完全被代谢。咖啡酸抑制了肠道菌的增殖,且腐生葡萄球菌代谢咖啡酸能力优于奇异变形杆菌,肠道菌代谢咖啡酸产物为间香豆酸。研究结果为进一步研究咖啡酸和肠道菌的相互作用提供依据。

北京地区犬猫尿源奇异变形杆菌耐药性及生物被膜形成能力分析

为调查北京地区犬猫尿源奇异变形杆菌对临床常用抗菌药的耐药现状,并分析其对β-内酰胺类药物的主要耐药机制,本试验于2018—2019年采集北京地区16只犬和13只猫的符合菌尿标准的尿液样本,以及264株犬源和152株猫源尿液中未鉴定细菌分离株;分离鉴定奇异变形杆菌,检测其对临床常用的12种抗菌药的耐药性,并分析奇异变形杆菌携带β-内酰胺酶的情况和生物被膜形成能力。结果显示,共分离获得44株犬源(15.7%)和5株猫源(3.0%)奇异变形杆菌。奇异变形杆菌分离株对阿奇霉素和多西环素耐药率均为98.0%,对β-内酰胺类药物耐药率为6.1%~73.5%,多重耐药率为79.6%。28株分离株携带超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs),阳性率为57.1%,主要基因型为bla TEM型、bla CTX-M-9型和bla OXA-1型;1株分离株携带头孢菌素酶(AmpC),基因型为bla CMY-2型。产ESBLs菌株对氨苄西林、氯霉素、头孢吡肟、头孢曲松和庆大霉素的耐药率显著高于非产ESBLs菌株的耐药率(P<0.05)。奇异变形杆菌分离株形成生物被膜阳性率为100%,其生物被膜形成能力强度与所选抗菌药的耐药性无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结果表明,北京地区犬猫尿源奇异变形杆菌耐药情况严重,携带ESBLs阳性率较高,形成生物被膜阳性率达100%,临床用药时可选择耐药率较低的阿莫西林克拉维酸进行治疗。

1例奇异变形杆菌致鸡胚与雏鸡死亡的诊治

鸡奇异变形杆菌病是由奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis)引起的一种急性细菌性传染病,造成鸡胚死亡、卵黄感染,雏鸡死亡和生长发育不良。本研究对1家孵化场送检的死胚、弱雏进行临床检查、病理剖检和实验室的细菌分离和鉴定,对分离菌进行药敏试验。试验结果表明,共分离样品20份,其中9份样本阳性,检出率为45%。分离菌对新霉素敏感,对多西环素较为敏感,而对其他多种抗生素已经产生耐药性。由此可以看出,造成此次鸡胚和雏鸡死亡的主要原因是鸡奇异变形杆菌感染所致,这为养殖户在疾病防控上提供新的思路。

Effect of Mirabilis jalapa (Linn.) Growth on Microbial Community in Bioremediation of Petroleum-contaminated Saline-alkali Soil

Microbial biomass and species in the rhizosphere soil of Mirabilis jalapa（Linn.）（the saline-alkali soil contaminated by total petroleum hydrocarbon（TPH））were studied with the technology of phospholipid fatty acids（PLFAs） analysis,to explore the effects of Mirabilis jalapa（Linn.） growth on the structure characteristics of microbial communities and degradation of TPH in the petroleum-contaminated salinealkali soil.The result showed that compared with the CK soil without Mirabilis jalapa（Linn.）,the kind change rates of PLFAs were 71.4%,69.2% and 33.3% in spring,summer and autumn,respectively,and the degradation of TPH increased by 47.6%,28.3%,and 18.9% in the rhizosphere soil in spring,summer and autumn,respectively.Correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between the degradation of TPH and the soil microbial communities：77.8% of the microbial PLFAs showed positive correlation（the correlation coefficient r﹥0） with the degradation of TPH,and 55.6% of the PLFAs had high positive correlation with the degradation of TPH with a correlation coefficient r ≥0.8.In addition,the relative contents of SAT and MONO had high correlation with the degradation of TPH in the CK soil,and the correlation coefficients were 0.92 and 0.60,respectively;but in the rhizosphere soil,42.1% of the PLFAs had positive correlation with it,and only21.1% had high positive correlation with the degradation of TPH,the relative contents of TBSAT,MONO and CYCLO had moderate or low positive correlation with the degradation of TPH,and the correlation coefficients were 0.56,0.50 and 0.07 respectively.It was shown that the growth of mirabilis jalapa（Linn.） highly affected the microbial community structure and TPH degradation speed in the rhizosphere soil,providing a theoretical basis for the research on phytoremediation of petroleumcontaminated saline-alkali soil.