External use of mirabilite to prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in children:A multicenter randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Currently,there is no suitable treatment for post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP)prophylaxis.Few studies have prospectively evaluated interventions to prevent PEP in children.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of the external use of mirabilite to prevent PEP in children.METHODS This multicenter,randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled patients with chronic pancreatitis scheduled for ERCP according to eligibility criteria.Patients were randomly divided into the external use of mirabilite group(external use of mirabilite in a bag on the projected abdominal area within 30 min before ERCP)and blank group.The primary outcome was the incidence of PEP.The secondary outcomes included the severity of PEP,abdominal pain scores,levels of serum inflammatory markers[tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and serum interleukin-10(IL-10)],and intestinal barrier function markers[diamine oxidase(DAO),D-lactic acid,and endotoxin].Additionally,the side effects of topical mirabilite were investigated.RESULTSA total of 234 patients were enrolled,including 117 in the external use of mirabilite group and theother 117 in the blank group.The pre-procedure and procedure-related factors were notsignificantly different between the two groups.The incidence of PEP in the external use ofmirabilite group was significantly lower than that in the blank group(7.7%vs 26.5%,P<0.001).The severity of PEP decreased in the mirabilite group(P=0.023).At 24 h after the procedure,thevisual analog scale score in the external use of mirabilite group was lower than that in the blankgroup(P=0.001).Compared with those in the blank group,the TNF-αexpressions weresignificantly lower and the IL-10 expressions were significantly higher at 24 h after the procedurein the external use of mirabilite group(P=0.032 and P=0.011,respectively).There were nosignificant differences in serum DAO,D-lactic acid,and endotoxin levels before and after ERCPbetween the two groups.No adverse effects of mirabilite were observed.CONCLUSIONExternal use of mirabilite reduced the PEP occurrence.It significantly alleviated post-proceduralpain and reduced inflammatory response.Our results favor the external use of mirabilite toprevent PEP in children.

THE DISCOVERY AND ITS GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FOSSIL FAECAL PELLETS OF BRINE SHRIMPS IN MIRABILITE DEPOSIT

The brine shrimp, Artemia salina, is affiliated with a lineage of Arthropoda-class Crustacea-subclass Branchiopodaorder Anostraca-family Arlemiidae. The individuals, 10 to 11 mm long for male but slightly longer for female, show a striking adaptation to high-salinity waters and salt pans, for example, in Great Salt Lake of the U. S. A., a num-

Hierarchically porous CMC/rGo/CNFs aerogels for leakage-proof mirabilite phase change materials with superior energy thermal storage

As a kind of essential hydrated salt phase change energy storage materials,mirabilite with high energy storage density and mild phase-transition temperature has excellent application potential in the problems of solar time and space mismatch.However,there are some disadvantages such as supercooling,substantial phase stratification and leakage problem,limiting its further applications.In this work,for the preparation of shaped mirabilite phase change materials(MPcMs),graphene(GO),sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and carbon nanofibers(CNFs)were used as starting materials to prepare lightweight CMC/rGO/CNFs carbon aerogel(CGCA)as support with stable shape,high specific surface area,and well-arranged hierarchically porous structure.The results show that CGCA has regular layered plentiful pores and stable foam structure,and the pore and sheet interspersed structure in CGCA stabilizes PcMs via capillary force and surface tension.The hydrophilic aerogels supported MPCMs decrease mirabilite leaking and reduce supercooling to around 0.7-1C.The latent heats of melting and crystallization of CGCA-supported mirabilite phase change materials(CGCA-PCMs)are 157.1 and 114.8 J-g-1,respectively.Furthermore,after 1500 solid-liquid cycles,there is no leakage,and the retention rate of crystallization latent heat is 45.32%,exhibiting remarkable thermal cycling stability.

Connections between Evaporite Deposition and Glacial Periods since the Middle Pleistocene in Salt Lakes in the Western Qaidam Basin, China

The Quaternary was the main evaporite deposition period in the Qaidam Basin(QB), but the correlation between the evaporite deposition period and the glacial period is still unclear. In this study, the research objects are primarily evaporite-bearing strata in a 461.58 m-long drill core in the QB. X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were applied to study the evaporite minerals, U-Th dating being applied to construct the ~(230)Th geochronological framework. Evaporite deposition from Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 15 to MIS 4 in the borehole was reconstructed via mineralogical and geochronological data. The evaporite minerals are mainly halite(NaCl), mirabilite(Na_(2)SO_(4)·10H_(2)O), thenardite(Na_(2)SO_(4)) and gypsum(CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O). A total of 9 effective ~(230)Th data points, ranging from 492.5 ± 43.0 ka to 62.0 ± 11.9 ka, were obtained. The depositional age of the earliest halite layer in the borehole is 592.5–563.0 ka. There were mirabilite deposits in the QB during the cold glacial environment of MIS 6. During MIS 4, the study area desiccated, with mirabilite and halite being deposited. This study suggests that mirabilite is an indicator mineral for the glacial environment in the QB, while halite deposition does not correspond well to glaciation.

Clean Separation Process of Chabocuo Saline Lake in Tibet

1 Introduction Chabocuo Lake is located in the territory of Gaize County Ali area Tibet,the altitude of the lake-surface is4505 m with a total area of 32 Km2.It is a typical sulfate type saline and rich in boron and lithium.In the natural evaporation process,several mineral sylvites cocrystallize out,thus increases the difficulties for separating

Chinese Medicine Plaster as A New Treatment for Surgical Site Infection in Patients with Cesarean Delivery:A Randomized,Double-Blind,Controlled Trial

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Chinese plaster containing rhubarb and mirabilite on surgical site infection(SSI)in patients with cesarean delivery(CD)by performing a randomized controlled trial.Methods This randomized controlled trial included 560 patients with CD due to fetal head descent enrolled at a tertiary teaching center between December 31,2018 and October 31,2021.Eligible patients were randomly assigned to a Chinese medicine(CM)group(280 cases)or a placebo group(280 cases)by a random number table,and were treated with CM plaster(made by rhubarb and mirabilite)or a placebo plaster,respectively.Both courses of treatment lasted from the day 1 of CD,followed day 2 until discharge.The primary outcome was the total number of patients with superficial,deep and organ/space SSI.The secondary outcome was duration of postoperative hospital stay,antibiotic intake,and unplanned readmission or reoperation due to SSI.All reported efficacy and safety outcomes were confirmed by a central adjudication committee that was unaware of the study-group assignments.Results During the recovery process after CD,the rates of localized swelling,redness and heat were significantly lower in the CM group than in the placebo group[7.55%(20/265)vs.17.21%(47/274),P<0.01].The durution of postoperative antibiotic intake was shorter in the CM group than in the placebo group(P<0.01).The duration of postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the CM group than in the placebo group(5.49±2.68 days vs.8.96±2.35 days,P<0.01).The rate of postoperative C-reactive protein elevation(≽100 mg/L)was lower in the CM group than in the placebo group[27.6%(73/265)vs.43.8%(120/274),P<0.01].However,there was no difference in purulent drainage rate from incision and superficial opening of incision between the two groups.No intestinal reactions and skin allergies were found in the CM group.Conclusions CM plaster containing rhubarb and mirabilite had an effect on SSI.It is safe for mothers and imposes lower economic and mental burdens on patients undergoing CD.