A Modified Iterative Learning Control Approach for the Active Suppression of Rotor Vibration Induced by Coupled Unbalance and Misalignment

This paper proposes a modified iterative learning control(MILC)periodical feedback-feedforward algorithm to reduce the vibration of a rotor caused by coupled unbalance and parallel misalignment.The control of the vibration of the rotor is provided by an active magnetic actuator(AMA).The iterative gain of the MILC algorithm here presented has a self-adjustment based on the magnitude of the vibration.Notch filters are adopted to extract the synchronous(1×Ω)and twice rotational frequency(2×Ω)components of the rotor vibration.Both the notch frequency of the filter and the size of feedforward storage used during the experiment have a real-time adaptation to the rotational speed.The method proposed in this work can provide effective suppression of the vibration of the rotor in case of sudden changes or fluctuations of the rotor speed.Simulations and experiments using the MILC algorithm proposed here are carried out and give evidence to the feasibility and robustness of the technique proposed.

VIBRATION CHARACTERISTIC INVESTIGATION OF COUNTER-ROTATING DUAL-ROTOR IN AERO-ENGINE

Two methods for vibration characteristic investigation of the counter-rotating dual-rotors in an aero-en- gine are put forward. The two methods use DAMP tool on the MSC. NASTRAN platform and develope the re- solving sequence. Vibration characteristics of a turbofan engine are analyzed by using the two methods. Com- pared with results calculated using transfer matrix method and test results, the two methods are valuable and have great potential in practical applications for vibration characteristic investigation of aero-engines with high thrust-weight ratio.

Model-Based Degree Estimation of Unbalance and Misalignment in Flexible Coupling-rotor System

The condition of rotor system must be assessed in order to develop condition-based maintenance for rotating machinery. It is determined by multiple variables such as unbalance degree, misalignment degree, the amount of bending deformation of the shaft, occurrence of shaft crack of rotor system and so on. The estimation of the degrees of unbalance and misalignment in flexible coupling-rotor system is discussed. The model-based approach is employed to solve this problem. The models of the equivalent external loads for unbalance and misalignment are derived and analyzed. Then, the degrees of unbalance and misalignment are estimated by analyzing the components of the equivalent external loads of which the frequencies are equal to the 1 and 2 times running frequency respectively. The equivalent external loads are calculated according to the dynamic equation of the original rotor system and the differences between the dynamical responses in normal case and the vibrations when the degree of unbalance or misalignment or both changes. The denoise method based on bandpass filter is used to decrease the effect of noise on the estimation accuracy. The numerical examples are given to show that the proposed approach can estimate the degrees of unbalance and misalignment of the flexible coupling-rotor system accurately.

Bifurcation analysis of aero-engine's rotor system under constant maneuver load

When an aircraft is hovering or doing a dive-hike flight at a fixed speed, a constant additional inertial force will be induced to the rotor system of the aero-engine, which can be called a constant maneuver load. Take hovering as an example. A Jeffcott rotor system with a biased rotor and several nonlinear elastic supports is modeled, and the vibration characteristics of the rotor system under a constant maneuver load are analytically studied. By using the multiple-scale method, the differential equations of the system are solved, and the bifurcation equations are obtained. Then, the bifurcations of the system are analyzed by using the singularity theory for the two variables. In the EG-plane, where E refers to the eccentricity of the rotor and G represents the constant maneuver load, two hysteresis point sets and one double limit point set are obtained. The bifurcation diagrams are also plotted. It is indicated that the resonance regions of the two variables will shift to the right when the aircraft is maneuvering. Furthermore, the movement along the horizontal direction is faster than that along the vertical direction. Thus, the different overlapping modes of the two resonance regions will bring about different bifurcation modes due to the nonlinear coupling effects. This result lays a theoretical foundation for controlling the stability of the aero-engine＇s rotor system under a maneuver load.

Research on suppress vibration of rotor misalignment with shear viscous damper

A new type of shear viscous damper for rotating machinery is designed. The new damper with good stability and reliability can inhibit all kinds of frequency multiplication vibration caused by misalignment in the condition of nonstop machine. It analyzes and discusses the use of the shear viscous damper for misalignment vibration response inhibition with a finite element method, and experi ments are extensively carried out with a laboratory test rig. Both the simulation and experimental re suits basically agree well in that, the damper can effectively control the misalignment vibration of the rotor system and improves the stability of the plitude of one time running speed component bration has been basically eliminated. entire rotor system. Experimental results show the am decreases by 30% , and the two time running speed vibration has been basically eliminated.

Research on dynamic model of rotors with bearing misalignment

Based on the structural and mechanics analysis of aero-engines rotor system, the dynamic model of the flexible rotor system with multi-supports are presented in order to solve the bearing misalignment problem of rotor system in aero-engines. The motion equations are derived through Lagrange method. The relationship between structural and mechanics characteristics parameters are built up. Finally, the dynamic influence of bearing misalignment on rotor system are divided into three kinds： additional rotor bending rigidity, additional bearing misalignment excitation force and additional imbalance. The equations suggest that additional imbalance excitation force activates the nonlinearity on rotor system and an additional 2x excitation force might appear.

Dynamic response of large increased pressure wind tunnel rotor-gear coupling system with parallel misalignment

To study the misalignment of gear coupling, this paper analyzed the distortion of the tooth of gear coupling on the base of gear coupling’s motion under parallel misalignment, and derived the specific expression of additive radial force, which produced by the rotor’ torque. The motion differential equations of the large increased pressure wind tunnel rotor-gear coupling system were derived by the finite element method. Newmark integral method was applied to calculate the dynamic response of the system with parallel misalignment. The numerical results show that: under the effect of additive radial force, the static misalignment can arouse 2X frequency component lateral vibration; the dynamic misalignment can arouse2X,4X,6X multiple frequency components lateral vibration. The 2X frequency component is obvious. The additive radial force of the gear coupling can arouse lateral vibration with even multiple frequency components.

轴流式水轮发电机组不对中-碰摩耦合故障振动特性分析

针对轴流式水轮发电机组因联轴器偏角不对中引起的碰摩转子-转轮系统振动问题,基于修正的LuGre摩擦模型,该研究推导了联轴器不对中故障下转轮叶片碰摩力表达式。在此基础上,搭建了综合考虑不平衡磁拉力等外激励作用下系统动力学模型。采用数值方法研究了不对中角度对系统振动特性的影响,并结合Floquet理论分析了以转速为控制变量的系统周期解稳定性。结果表明,不对中的存在增大了系统发生失稳可能性,显著改变了系统动态特性。此外,不对中角度对转子与转轮振动响应的影响具有较大差异,随着不对中角度的增加,转轮振动变化明显且碰摩程度较为恶劣。该研究结果可为轴流式水轮发电机组安全运行及稳定性分析提供有益借鉴。

冲击激励下轴线失准转子-磁轴承系统不对中定量研究

为研究和识别转子系统在轴承处发生的平行角度混合不对中,提出一种频谱辨识转子-磁轴承系统固有不对中量大小的方法.采用动量矩定理将圆盘不平衡力对转轴的影响等效到转子轴向力上,建立考虑轴向径向耦合效应的刚性双偏置圆盘转子-磁轴承系统的动力学模型;通过SIMULINK仿真得到系统时域下的位移和电流响应,分析不对中条件下转子系统动力学特性,并利用快速傅里叶变换将时域响应转换为频域响应,基于频域下最小二乘算法得到转子系统不对中量大小.结果表明:在冲击激励影响条件下,采用该方法计算的不对中量大小误差均在5.0%以内,当转子受到外界扰动力时,该算法能够准确定量识别转子的不对中量,可为不对中转子-磁轴承系统故障诊断及自修复提供理论参考.

水轮发电机组转子平行不对中非线性动力学行为研究

旋转机械是机械设备的重要组成部分,不对中的转子系统是导致机器设备出现故障的一个关键因素。如果在运转过程中出现不对中的故障,可能会对机械设备的稳定运行带来各种不利效果,例如引起转子和定子间的动静碰摩、轴承的摩擦损伤、轴的弯曲变形、油膜震荡、振动等,这些都可能严重干扰机械设备的稳定运行。对转子系统的不对中故障产生的机制与振动特征进行研究,对于准确地判断和掌握转子系统的运行状况显得尤为关键。针对水轮发电机组转子系统平行不对中故障和发电机转子系统转定间碰摩耦合故障,基于非线性转子动力理论和平行不对中故障的运动机理,构建了一个水轮发电机组转子系统的非线性动力学模型,该模型考虑了平行不对中和碰摩耦合故障的影响;探讨了发电机转子系统在机组转速、偏心量以及平行不对中量等多个参数变动下的非线性动力学表现。

轴承不对中-碰摩耦合故障下双转子系统非线性振动特性分析

为揭示因轴承不对中导致的故障转子系统振动特性,基于坐标变换关系,推导了轴承不对中下转子偏转位移表达式。在此基础上,建立了综合考虑碰摩力、油膜力等外激励影响下双盘转子轴承不对中-碰摩耦合故障系统动力学模型,采用数值方法研究了转速及质量偏心对系统动态特性的影响。结果表明,轴承不对中故障会增加系统碰摩发生可能性、恶化轴系振动并加大系统非稳态运动范围。虽然不对中量的加入可在一定程度上延缓系统因参数变化引起的失稳运动,但据此产生的振幅增加与系统安全运行目标相悖,故应采取必要措施对轴承不对中故障加以控制。相关结论可为转子-轴承系统振动状态识别及稳定性分析提供有益借鉴。

立式离心泵典型故障复现试验研究

为了给立式离心泵的故障诊断提供试验和理论依据,搭建立式离心泵仿真试验台,进行立式离心泵典型故障的仿真复现试验,分析了转子不平衡、转子不对中和支座连接松动等故障的振动特性及其频谱特征.结果表明:机脚处的振动位移信号对支座连接松动故障的振动特性敏感性更高,轴系的振动信号对转子故障的振动特性敏感性更高;转子不平衡故障和转子不对中故障表现出不同的频谱特征,转子不平衡故障的频谱特征表现为1倍振动主要频率(amplitude power frequency,APF)幅值增大,且随着故障程度的增加,幅值呈现了逐渐减小的趋势,转子不对中故障的频谱特征表现为产生新的振动特征频率2APF,且随着故障程度的增大,信号幅值逐渐增大;支座连接松动故障表现为频谱图中的主频变为3APF,并出现新的2APF和1/2分数谐波频率.

A tip clearance prediction model for multistage rotors and stators in aero-engines

Tip clearances of multistage rotors and stators greatly affect aero-engines’ aerodynamic efficiency, stability and safety. The inevitable machining and assembly errors, as well as the complicated error propagation mechanism, cause overproof or non-uniform tip clearances. However, it is generally accepted that tip clearances are difficult to predict, even under assembly state. In this paper, a tip clearance prediction model is proposed based on measured error data. Some 3 D error propagation sub-models, regarding rotors, supports and casings, are built and combined. The complex error coupling relationship is uncovered using mathematical methods. Rotor and stator tip clearances are predicted and analyzed in different phase angles. The maximum, minimum and average tip clearances can be calculated. The proposed model is implemented by a computer program,and a case study illustrates its performance and verifies its feasibility. The results can be referred by engineers in assembly quality judgement and decision-making.

Nonlinear dynamic behavior of a flexible asymmetric aero-engine rotor system in maneuvering flight

Aero-engine rotor systems installed in aircraft are considered to have a base motion.In this paper,a flexible asymmetric rotor system is modeled considering the nonlinear supports of ball bearings and Squeeze Film Dampers(SFDs),and the dynamic characteristics of the rotor system under maneuvering flight are systematically studied.Effects of the translational accelerative motions,the angular motions and the pitching flight with combined translational and angular motions on nonlinear dynamic behavior of the rotor system are investigated.The results show that,due to the nonlinear coupled effects among the rotor,ball bearings and SFDs,within the first bending resonance region,responses of the rotor show obvious nonlinear characteristics such as bistable phenomenon,amplitude jumping phenomenon and non-synchronous vibration.Translational acceleration motion of the aircraft leads to axis offset of the rotor system and thus results in the reduction and the final disappearance of the bistable rotating speed region.The pitching angular motion mainly affects rotational vibration of the rotor system,and thus further induces their transverse vibrations.For the pitching flight with combined translational and angular motions,a critical flight parameter is found to correspond to the conversion of two steady responses of the rotor system,in which one response displays small amplitude and synchronous vibration,and the other shows large amplitude and non-synchronous vibration.

基于联轴器不对中的磁悬浮双转子系统不平衡响应分析

为探讨联轴器不对中故障对磁悬浮双转子系统振动响应的影响,基于有限元法构建包含不对中故障的磁悬浮双转子系统动力学模型,利用Newmark-β法求解其运动方程,通过时域和频域分析不对中情况下转子系统的振动响应。研究结果表明:在不对中引起的附加力作用下,磁悬浮双转子系统的响应会呈现显著的二倍频分量,且随着不对中程度的增加,二倍频分量的幅值也相应增大;内转子由于不对中故障引起的二倍频分量会通过中介轴承传递到外转子上;在不同控制参数下不对中故障对系统的影响有所不同,通过选取合适的比例系数和较大的微分系数,可以有效降低不对中故障对系统振动响应的影响。

Dynamic behavior of aero-engine rotor with fusing design suffering blade off

Fan blade off（FBO） from a running turbofan rotor will introduce sudden unbalance into the dynamical system,which will lead to the rub-impact,the asymmetry of rotor and a series of interesting dynamic behavior.The paper first presents a theoretical study on the response excited by sudden unbalance.The results reveal that the reaction force of the bearing located near the fan could always reach a very high value which may lead to the crush of ball,journal sticking,high stress on the other components and some other failures to endanger the safety of engine in FBO event.Therefore,the dynamic influence of a safety design named ‘‘fusing＂ is investigated by mechanism analysis.Meantime,an explicit FBO model is established to simulate the FBO event,and evaluate the effectiveness and potential dynamic influence of fusing design.The results show that the fusing design could reduce the vibration amplitude of rotor,the reaction force on most bearings and loads on mounts,but the sudden change of support stiffness induced by fusing could produce an impact effect which will couple with the influence of sudden unbalance.Therefore,the implementation of the design should be considered carefully with optimized parameters in actual aero-engine.

含外圈剥落和不对中的齿轮-转子-轴承系统振动分析

轴承套圈的不对中和剥落是影响齿轮-转子-轴承系统振动特性的典型误差和故障。为了研究外圈不对中和剥落对系统的耦合影响,有必要对含不对中和剥落的齿轮-转子-轴承系统振动特性进行分析。首先,考虑外圈不对中和剥落,计算了轴承的五自由度非线性恢复力。然后,基于轮齿承载接触分析(LTCA)方法,计算了啮合刚度并且建立了直齿轮副的动力学模型。在此基础上,基于切片法建立了花键的等效刚度模型。最后,通过将轴承的恢复力模型、直齿轮副的动力学模型和花键的等效刚度模型与转子系统的有限元模型耦合,建立了齿轮-转子-轴承系统的动力学模型。分析表明,只有剥落位于承载区时,才会对轴承接触力、接触角和系统振动特性产生影响。外圈的不对中导致轴承的承载区范围增大,并使得剥落对系统产生影响的概率增加。

1 000 MW发电机转子振动大原因分析与处理措施

针对某电厂1 000 MW发电机组转子振动大的现象,从该型号转子结构的特点出发,发现转子振动呈增大的趋势,着重描述了抽出转子和返厂检修发现的不正常情况,并进一步分析原因,提出处理措施,处理后转子运行良好,振动情况满足规程要求。

基于转子不对中模型的永磁同步电机驱动系统容错控制

针对永磁同步电机驱动系统在运行过程中出现转子不对中故障引起的转速波动问题,对转子不对中故障展开了动力学分析。首先,推导负载转矩的力学关系,建立转子不对中力矩耦合模型,对故障状态下的转矩负载进行观测;其次,由负载转矩观测器提供的故障信息进一步设计补偿后的扩张状态观测器,从而有效减少负载转矩和转速的故障波动,减小负载不平衡故障对电机驱动系统的影响,提高了驱动系统的容错性能。

转子系统不对中问题的研究进展

转子系统的不对中问题在旋转机械中非常普遍,是引起严重整机振动的主要原因之一.特别地,以先进涡扇发动机转子系统为代表的带有弹性支承、内外布置的多转子系统,其动力学特性具有特殊性,不对中的理论问题与工程需求十分突出.本文首先针对两类不对中问题(联轴器不对中和支点不对中),评述了目前不对中建模方法、不对中转子系统的动力学和振动特性方面的代表性研究成果.其次,针对航空发动机转子系统,详细综述了目前已有的套齿联轴器、弹性支承组件的动力学研究成果.在此基础上,作者针对其具体结构特征,进行了航空发动机转子系统不对中成因与模式分类,初步建立了联轴器不对中和支点不对中的转子系统动力学模型并进行了振动特性分析.